Biochemical studies on the hepatoprotective effect of Picrorrhiza kurroa on changes in liver mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in d-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats

Oral pre-treatment with alcoholic extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa rhizomes and roots (50 mg/kg/day for 10 days) significantly prevented the d-galactosamine-induced alterations in respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria.     

Phytochemical and antifungal studies on Terminalia mollis and Terminalia brachystemma

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Terminalia mollis afforded friedelin (1), catechin with epicatechin (2), gallocatechin with epigallocatechin (3) and 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (4). Arjunolic acid with 2α, 3β, 23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2α-hydroxyursolic acid (6), gallic acid (7), chebulanin (8) and 2'-O-galloylvitexin (9) were isolated from the leaf. Chebulanin (8), betulinic acid (10), ursolic acid (11), catechin (12), isoorientin (13), orientin (14), isovitexin (15) and punicalagin (16) were isolated from Terminalia brachystemma leaf. The first full unambiguous NMR assignments for (4) and (8), and revised assignments for (9), are reported. Compound (16) showed good activity against three Candida species.     

Hepatoprotective effect of Ginkgoselect Phytosome in rifampicin induced liver injury in rats: evidence of antioxidant activity

The protective effects of Ginkgoselect Phytosome((R)) (GBP) on Rifampicin (RMP) induced hepatotoxicity and the probable mechanism(s) involved in this protection were investigated in rats. Liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering rifampicin (500 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 30 days. Simultaneously, GBP at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, and the reference drug silymarin (100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 30 days/daily to RMP treated rats. Levels of marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and SALP), albaumin (Alb) and total proteins (TP) were assessed in serum. The effects of GBP on lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed in liver homogenates to evaluate antioxidant activity. GBP (25 and 50 mg/kg) and silymarin elicited a significant hepatoprotective activity by lowering the levels of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, Alb and TP in a dose dependant manner. The present findings suggest that the hepatoprotective effect of GBP in RMP induced oxidative damage may be related to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Drynaria quercifolia

Friedelin, epifriedelinol, beta-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and naringin were isolated from the dried rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia. The methanol extract showed broad and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.     

Antitussive effect of Asparagus racemosus root against sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice

The methanol extract of Asparagus racemosus root (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant antitussive activity on sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice, the cough inhibition (40.0 and 58.5%, respectively) being comparable to that of 10–20 mg/kg of codeine phosphate (36.0 and 55.4%, respectively).     

基于cpDNA rps16序列分析兰考泡桐与白花泡桐和毛泡桐的遗传关系

【目的】通过测序法分析兰考泡桐与白花泡桐和毛泡桐在叶绿体rps16序列上的遗传差异,旨在分析三者之间在叶绿体基因上的变化特点和规律,探讨其种间的遗传关系。【方法】选取兰考泡桐、白花泡桐和毛泡桐各15个样本,对其提取的DNA用PCR扩增获得特异片段,并将其纯化与测序。利用软件Clustal X 2.0对所得序列进行排序;运行MEGA 4软件,进行多序列比对,分析其序列特征,并计算出K2P遗传距离。【结果】(1)对获得的rps16序列进行测定分析,得兰考泡桐序列长度分别为932 933 bp;白花泡桐序列长度为932 bp;毛泡桐序列长度分别为916918 bp。对所得rps16序列进行排序后的长度为938 bp,平均GC含量为34.31%。3个种所代表的个体之间共有10个变异位点,占整个序列长度的1.07%。其中有9个变异位点属于碱基插入或缺失类型,占变异位点总数的90%,占整个序列长度的0.96%。有1个变异位点属于碱基替换类型,占整个变异位点总数的10%,占整个序列长度的0.11%。(2)整个rps16片段的序列共有10个变异位点,其中兰考泡桐与白花泡桐在总的变异位点上,具有一致的碱基位点9个,占总变异的90%。而兰考泡桐与毛泡桐相比,没有相同的碱基。【结论】根据三种泡桐的rps16序列的序列特征和变异位点的分析,表明在叶绿体遗传方面,兰考泡桐具有与白花泡桐更多相似的遗传物质,其亲缘关系较近。综上所述,推测兰考泡桐与白花泡桐可能来自同一母系遗传。     

鼠茅草间作对油茶林地土壤养分及酶活性的影响

[目的]探索油茶林间作鼠茅草对土壤质量的影响,为油茶林地的科学经营提供参考。[方法]采用随机定点取样法,测定分析鼠茅草腐解过程中油茶林地0~20 cm耕作层土壤含水量、养分含量及酶活性指标的动态变化。[结果]鼠茅草间作对油茶林地0~20 cm耕作层土壤含水量、养分含量及酶活性影响显著。与对照相比,7—10月鼠茅草间作的土壤含水量平均增幅达39.62%;鼠茅草间作不仅显著提高了油茶林地0~20 cm耕作层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷及全钾含量,而且也提高了土壤中的水解性氮、有效磷与速效钾的含量,其中,有效磷增幅最显著,在8月下旬为对照组的9倍;鼠茅草间作对油茶林地土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶与过氧化氢酶的活性影响显著,对蔗糖酶活性影响不显著。[结论]鼠茅草间作经营一定程度上提高了油茶林地土壤肥力水平,对油茶林地土壤改良和可持续生产具有积极的作用。     

Effects of the lignan, pinoresinol on the moulting cycle of the bloodsucking bug Rhodnius prolixus and of the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus

The furano-lignan pinoresinol was toxic to fourth-instar larvae of the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus and of the haematophagous insect Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease. At lower doses, it also exerted antifeedant activity and dose-dependent antimoulting activity on both insects.     

Gastrointestinal activity of Ficus sur

The gastroprotective effects of some extracts of the dried leaves of Ficus sur in animals were investigated in order to validate the use of the plant in traditional medicine. The water and methanol extracts showed antiulcer activity, the hot water extract being the most effective. These extracts had also spasmolytic effects on the rabbit jejunum. LD₅₀ values ranged from 900 to 1200 mg/kg in mice. These results show that F. sur has potential in the treatment of ulcers.     

Antimicrobial activity of Securinega leucopyrus

Extracts of the leaves of Securinega leucopyrus exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.     

扇脉杓兰种子发育过程中的生理生化变化

为了解扇脉杓兰种子发育过程中的生理特性和变化规律,以浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区内的2个野生扇脉杓兰居群为材料,对其种子发育过程中的营养物质、内源激素含量和酶活性进行测定。结果表明:(1)可溶性蛋白质含量在扇脉杓兰授粉后20 d和85 d分别达到最高值774.03μg·g^-1和最低值373μg·g^-1。淀粉含量从最初的2.65%急速增加到21.82%,授粉后60 d升至峰值,此后保持在20%左右。可溶性糖含量为1.72% 3.09%。淀粉和可溶性糖之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),二者与可溶性蛋白质之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。(2)GA₃、ZR、IAA峰值发生具有时间顺序性,扇脉杓兰授粉后20、30、40 d依次出现。3种激素极显著正相关(P<0.01)。ABA含量在授粉60 d后逐渐上升,授粉115 d时达到峰值,其含量与3种促进激素呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。(IAA+GA₃+ZR)∕ABA比值在授粉后20 d达到峰值,此后逐渐下降。(3)SOD活性在扇脉杓兰授粉后20 d迅速上升至峰值451.18 U·g^-1·min^-1,授粉后85 d降至最低,其变化趋势与可溶性蛋白质变化保持一致。POD活性和CAT活性呈单峰曲线变化。SOD、POD和CAT活性之间相关不显著(P>0.05),但是三者与可溶性蛋白质之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。     

Antibacterial activity of Urena lobata root

The methanol extract of Urena lobata root showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.     

Structural features of a new heteropolysaccharide from the fruit bodies of Melia azedarach and its effect on cytotoxic activity

Water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit pulps of Melia azedarach and some columns were undertaken to isolate the major polysaccharide (MPS-III). Its structural features were elucidated by IR analysis, carbohydrate analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Then it was evaluated for the cytotoxic activity in vitro against four human cell lines, using the sulphorhodamine B assay. The data obtained indicated that MPS-III contains a α(1→4) main chain backbone composed of arabinose, mannose in a molar ratio of 1.31:1.0 and has α(1→6) branch structure. And MPS-III showed a strong cytotoxic activity in the BGC-823 cell line.     

淡紫拟青霉航天诱变菌株对南方根结线虫的致病力

[目的]为筛选对南方根结线虫具有高致病力的淡紫拟青霉航天诱变菌株,通过淡紫拟青霉山东寿光菌株搭载神舟八号获得10个淡紫拟青霉航天诱变菌株.[方法]以这10个航天诱变菌株对南方根结线虫卵进行寄生试实验,观察了其发酵液对南方根结线虫卵及二龄幼虫的作用,并对与毒力相关的胞外酶几丁质酶和蛋白酶活性进行了测定.在此基础上,通过盆钵试验方法, 检验菌株Sd-m-9、Sd-m-16和Sd-m-26对花椒南方根结线虫的防治效果.[结果]结果表明:10个诱变菌株对南方根结线虫卵的寄生率与原始菌株存在分化,其中有3个诱变菌株的寄生率增强,即Sd-m-9、Sd-m-16和Sd-m-26;这10个诱变菌株的几丁质酶和蛋白质酶的活性与对南方根结线虫卵的寄生率之间呈正相关.在盆钵试验中,菌株Sd-m-9、Sd-m-16和Sd-m-26对南方根结线虫的根结指数较原始菌株下降88.34%~89.70%.[结论]因此,航天诱变菌株Sd-m-9、Sd-m-16和Sd-m-26可用于对南方根结线虫的防治.     

Anxiolytic activity of aerial and underground parts of Passiflora incarnata

The petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of Passiflora incarnata whole plant and sorted out plant parts have been evaluated for their anxiolytic activity using the elevated plus-maze model in mice. The methanol extracts of leaves, stems, flowers, and whole plant exhibited anxiolytic effects at 100, 125, 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The roots were practically devoid of anxiolytic effects. These results show that roots and flowers of P. incarnata act as natural adulterants by causing a significant increase in the anxiolytic dose. Therefore, separation of these parts is recommended prior to any pharmacological, phytochemical and standardization studies on P. incarnata.     

Antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity of the brown alga Cystoseira tamariscifolia

The hexane, ethyl ether and dichloromethane fractions of the brown alga Cystoseira tamariscifolia extract showed interesting antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity.     

优化施肥对樟子松幼苗生长和抗逆生理的影响

为提高园林苗木育苗质量,试验以1年生樟子松为研究对象,复合肥和烘干鸡粪作为肥源,按照施氮水平相同原则（施氮量为75 g/m3）,设置6种施肥处理,研究了不同施肥配比对樟子松幼苗生长和抗逆生理的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,T3处理的根长、根表面积、粗根直径、根体积和细根数分别增加28.39%、53.70%、5.60%、20.00%、17.06%,根系活力和叶绿素含量分别提高15.51%、42.31%,差异均达到显著水平,并显著增加了可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量以及过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,提高了幼苗抗逆能力。施肥有助于促进樟子松幼苗生长和根系发育,增加幼苗干物质积累,提高根系活力和抗逆能力,并以T3处理（复合肥和烘干鸡粪比例为1∶1）效果最佳,可在樟子松幼苗培养中应用推广。     

英德跳(虫脩)生物学特性和防治研究

英德跳ｘｉｕ是我国森林昆虫竹节虫目的一新虫种。在广东省英德县效益发现危害黎蒴栲林成灾得名。若虫和成虫危害黎朔栲为主的壳斗科树叶，以成虫危害最烈。该虫在英德县１ａ发生２－３代，世代重叠。以第１、２代成虫产的卵在枯枝落叶层下越冬，翌年２月下旬开始化，５月中、下旬为越冬代成虫高峰期。在５月下、中旬使用３％６６６烟剂１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２防治，效果达８５％以上；使用绿僵菌１．５×１０＾３个／ｍｈ＾２孢子防治，     

Antimicrobial properties of Uvaria chamae stem bark

The antimicrobial properties of the methanol extract of Uvaria chamae stembark (ME) were investigated. The more active ethylacetate-soluble fraction (EAS) was separated by PTLC into 18 sub-fractions. Following phytochemical and antimicrobial screening, several sub-fractions, testing positive for the presence of glycosides (8, 11–15) and tannins (18), exhibited activity against a number of microorganisms, being in some cases more active than penicillin G and chloramphenicol.