低磷血红蛋白尿症奶牛红细胞膜溶破的分子机理

利用自然病例 ,采取分组 (血尿组、低磷组、对照组 )对比的方法 ,从分子水平上检测了红细胞膜的磷脂组分、膜骨架蛋白组分及红细胞形态扫描电镜观察。结果表明 ,血尿组奶牛红细胞膜的磷脂组分和膜骨架蛋白及红细胞形态均发生明显地改变 :血尿组奶牛红细胞膜磷脂酰胆碱 磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PC PS)及神经鞘磷脂 (SM)显著高于低磷组和对照组 ,而磷脂酰乙醇胺 (PE)含量显著低于低磷组和对照组 ,血清磷与红细胞膜 PE含量呈显著正相关 ,与 SM呈显著负相关 ;血尿组奶牛红细胞膜膜收缩蛋白 、 及区带 - 2蛋白含量均显著低于低磷组和对照组 (P<0 .0 1)而区带 蛋白含量明显高于低磷组和对照组(P<0 .0 1) ;从扫描电镜下观察发现 ,由低磷发展至溶血 ,红细胞形态从正常的圆盘状→棘形→球形→溶破的演变过程 ,发生血管内溶血时 ,其红细胞膜磷脂组分、骨架蛋白及红细胞形态发生显著改变 ,是导致溶血的最关键性因素     

硒对奶牛红细胞膜上几种抗氧化酶活力影响的研究

通过对不同地区奶牛红细胞膜上几种抗氧化酶活力的测定，来说明硒对奶牛红细胞膜上抗氧化酶影响，实验结果表明，由于硒含量的不同，奶牛红细胞膜上几种抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力有所改变，表现为低硒组奶牛红细胞丰几种抗氧化酶活力下降。     

铜缺乏对奶牛红细胞及组织细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨铜缺乏对奶牛红细胞及组织细胞膜ATP活性的影响，在调查铜缺乏奶牛水土食物链微量元素状态的基础上，首次测度了病区6头发病犊奶牛（Ⅱ组）及该地区20头同年生临床健康奶牛（IH组，血清铜低于0.56mg/kg）红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 -ATP酶及Mg^2 -ATP酶的活性，对20头IH组奶牛进行为期80d的补铜试验（含铜40mg/kg干饲料），以20头健区同年生健康奶犊牛作为对照（HH组，全血铜大于０.85mg/L）。同时测试了剖杀后６头病牛及健康牛组织细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶的活性。结果表明：Ⅱ组奶牛红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶活性显著低于ＨＨ组及ＩＨ组。补铜后４０d，ＩＨ组奶牛红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶均显著升高，病牛肝、脾、肾、大脑、小脑、淋巴结等组织细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 -ATP酶活性显著低于对照组。结论：铜缺乏较为严重地影响了奶牛红细胞及组织膜ＡＴＰ酶的活性，抑制了这些组织的正常生理功能。     

季节性变化对荷斯坦奶牛红细胞钾含量及红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性的影响

产犊日期相近且处于产奶高峰期的35头奶牛,根据其夏季产奶量下降率的多少分为不耐热组和耐热组,其中下降率低于10%的被定为耐热组(n=16),下降率在40%以上的被定为不耐热组(n=19),分别测定春、夏两季奶牛红细胞钾含量和红细胞膜钠钾ATPase 活性,并分析其与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间的关系.结果表明:荷斯坦奶牛夏季血液中红细胞钾含量极显著高于春季(P<0.01),红细胞钾含量在同一季节、不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组奶牛春、夏两季的红细胞钾含量均显著高于耐热组(P<0.05);红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率呈中等强度正相关,其中春季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.569(P<0.05),夏季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.529(P<0.05).荷斯坦奶牛夏季红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力显著低于春季(P<0.05),红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力在同一季节不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组显著低于耐热组(P<0.05).相关分析显示,春季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间无显著相关性;夏季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率成中等强度负相关(r=-0.754,P<0.01).结果提示:红细胞钾含量相对低的奶牛比较耐热;红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性受季节性影响较大,且可能与奶牛的耐热能力有关.     

季节性变化对荷斯坦奶牛红细胞钾含量及红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性的影响

产犊日期相近且处于产奶高峰期的35头奶牛,根据其夏季产奶量下降率的多少分为不耐热组和耐热组,其中下降率低于10%的被定为耐热组(n=16),下降率在40%以上的被定为不耐热组(n=19),分别测定春、夏两季奶牛红细胞钾含量和红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性,并分析其与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间的关系。结果表明:荷斯坦奶牛夏季血液中红细胞钾含量极显著高于春季(P<0.01),红细胞钾含量在同一季节、不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组奶牛春、夏两季的红细胞钾含量均显著高于耐热组(P<0.05);红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率呈中等强度正相关,其中春季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.569(P<0.05),夏季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.529(P<0.05)。荷斯坦奶牛夏季红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力显著低于春季(P<0.05),红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力在同一季节不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组显著低于耐热组(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,春季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间无显著相关性;夏季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产...     

维生素E缺乏对雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白组分的影响

用低维生素E和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂雏鸡,建立维生素E缺乏实验动物模型。采用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳法检测雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白组分变化。结果表明:维生素E缺乏组雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白带Ⅰ、Ⅱ含量高于对照组,带Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ含量低于对照组,组间差异显著或极显著,带Ⅳ无显著变化。提示VE对维持雏鸡红细胞膜结构起重要作用。     

亚硒酸钠饮水对新城疫免疫雏鸡血清中红细胞免疫调节因子的影响

通过饮水给予亚硒酸钠的方式，测定了硒对新城设免疫雏鸡血清中红细胞免疫调节因子的影响及血清因子变化规律。结果，加硒组与不加硒组相比，血清红细胞免疫促进因子活性显著升高，而抑制因子活性无显著变化，表明硒对红细胞免疫促进因子起刺激作用；不加硒组雏鸡红细胞免疫促进因子活性随日龄增加而升高，红细胞免疫功能逐步增强；硒在促进雏鸡红细胞免疫功能上存在一个最佳剂量范围，给硒剂量过大或过小均不能有效的增强红细胞免疫     

硒和维生素E抗奶牛乳房炎的作用及临床应用研究进展

近年来研究揭示,硒和维生素E可增强乳腺的抗病力,有效地防止奶牛乳房炎的发生。一、硒和维生素E的抗乳房炎作用机理 Julien等(1959)在研究硒和维生素E对奶牛胎盘滞留影响的研究中首先发现,喂低硒日粮可增加奶牛乳房炎的发生。以后的许多研究也都证实硒和维生素E对奶牛乳房的健康都是重要的。那么,     

生物转化富铁、富锌、富硒鲜奶的研究

通过在奶牛饲料中添加微量元素铁、锌、硒，观察它们对奶牛产奶量、产奶品质以及牛奶中所含矿物质及微量元素的变化。结果表明：奶牛饲料中添加上述微量元素后，产奶量明显提高。且鲜奶中所含的铁、锌、硒都有不同程度的增加。     

乳、血中的碘和硒浓度与产奶量及矿物质组成的关系

波兰Grodzies等研究了饲喂碘和硒的日粮时奶牛采食量、奶特性、血和乳中的碘和硒浓度影响。试验采用32头黑白花奶牛随机分为4组。试验共进行126d，分为3个试验期。试验日粮采用基础日粮并添加不同浓度的碘和硒。日粮中碘的平均浓度分别为1．69和2．99mg／kg，日粮中硒的浓度分别为0．32和0．54mg／kg（以DM为基础）。试验结果表明，碘的摄入量对产奶量、     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.