The Use of Sex-Sorted Stallion Semen in Embryo Transfer Programs

Sorting stallion semen into two separate populations of enriched X- or Y-bearing sperm can be done successfully. For this, stallion semen can be shipped to a sorting facility, but the mare must be in close to the sorting laboratory. Fertility rates when using 20-40 million sperm are an acceptable 60% per insemination. The procedure can be implemented in embryo transfer programs, with no deleterious effect on the pregnancy rate or embryonic death.     

Successful Low Dose Insemination of Flow Cytometrically Sorted Ram Spermatozoa in Sheep

The fertility of ram spermatozoa that had undergone flow cytometric sorting (MoFlo SX) and cryopreservation was assessed after low-dose insemination of synchronized Merino ewes. Oestrus was synchronized with progestagen-impregnated pessaries, PMSG and GnRH treatment. Ewes (n = 360) were inseminated with 1 x 10(6), 5 x 10(6) or 15 x 10(6) motile sorted frozen-thawed (S(1), S(5), or S(15) respectively) or non-sorted frozen-thawed (C(1), C(5) or C(15) respectively) spermatozoa from three rams. An additional group of ewes were inseminated with 50 x 10(6) motile non-sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa (C(50)) to provide a commercial dose control. The percentage of ewes lambing after insemination was similar for C(50) (24/38, 63.2%), C(15) (37/54, 68.5%), S(15) (38/57, 66.7%), S(5) (37/56, 66.1%) and S(1) (32/52, 61.5%) groups (p > 0.05), but lower for C(5) (19/48, 39.6%) and C(1) (19/55, 34.5%) treatments (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates sorted ram spermatozoa are equally fertile to non-sorted spermatozoa even when inseminated at 2% of the dose. Furthermore, at very low artificial insemination doses (1 or 5 million motile) the fertility of sorted ram spermatozoa is superior to non-sorted spermatozoa inseminated in equal numbers. These results have significance for the future commercialization of sex-preselection technology in sheep as a reduction in the minimum effective sperm number will allow a corresponding decrease in the associated cost per dose.     

牛性控精液及其应用

近年来．牛性控精液的商业化进程发展很快。然而，与常规精液比较，性控精液分离技术成本高，操作复杂，且受胎率低。虽然分离精液的公牛头数有限．但是许多国家仍在进行牛性控冷冻精液的商业化生产。目前，性控精液主要应用于青年母牛配种和超数排卵生产性控胚胎，以生产母犊。由于精子分离速度慢，与传统精液比较，性控精液精子数量少．使用性控精液输精常常会导致受胎率略有下降，获得可用胚胎数量减少。为确保使用性控精液成功．必须对牛加强饲养管理。处理精液小心谨慎，而且输精人员技术要熟练。随着成本的降低，性控精液将不断扩大应用于牛、马以及其他物种的繁殖中。     

牛冷冻精液的应用研究进展

牛人工授精技术是所有家畜中应用最为广泛的一种繁殖技术,而其巨大的发展又得益于精液冷冻保存的成功应用.本文简要介绍了牛精液冷冻技术的发展历史和精液冷冻的原理,分析了影响牛精液冷冻效果的主要因素,并对国内外现行使用的精液评定指标作了简单阐述,以期为牛高质量冷冻精液的研究和牛人工授精技术的应用提供参考.     

抗氧化剂在公猪精液冷冻保存中的应用

近几年来,在公猪精液冷冻稀释液中添加抗氧化剂以提高冷冻精液质量的研究受到广泛的关注。添加谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶、维生素E、L-半胱氨酸和L-谷氨酰胺、中草药成分等抗氧化剂可以有效地防止氧化损伤,提高解冻后精子活率、精子成活力、质膜与顶体完整性等,进而提高冷冻保存精液的受精能力。作者综述了抗氧化剂的抗精子冷冻损伤的作用机制及不同抗氧化剂的应用效果,并对其在公猪精液冷冻保存中的应用前景进行了展望。     

二花脸猪远程供精技术的研究应用

<正>二花脸猪有产仔之王美称,是建湖地区广大母猪饲养户一直喜欢饲养的猪种。但在二花脸猪纯种繁育生产过程中,由于受二花脸公猪数量不足因素的制约,导致个体间选配难度增大。为避免近亲配     

性控精液应用研究进展

本文概述了近年来用流式细胞仪分离动物X、Y精子的研究进展、存在的问题和应用前景.流式细胞仪分离精子的研究已经取得了很大进展,在某些动物(如牛)分离的精子已开始用于人工授精.尽管该技术还存在许多亟待解决的问题,但随着流式细胞仪的改进和与各项辅助生殖技术(如手术授精、体外受精、胞质内精子注射、低剂量精子人工授精)的结合,性别分离精子必将在实践中得到更广泛的应用,产生巨大的社会和经济效益.     

植物提取物在家畜精液冷冻保存中的研究与应用进展

植物提取物是从植物中提取的天然抗氧化剂,其在精液冷冻保存过程中能清除多余的活性氧,降低精子的氧化损伤,减少丙二醛产生,提高精子活力与精子各项运动参数,从而提高解冻后的精液品质。本文综述了近几年植物提取物(迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、红景天多糖、葡萄籽原花青素、竹叶黄酮、白藜芦醇、番茄红素和槲皮素)在家畜精液冷冻保存上的应用与研究,旨在为进一步深入研究家畜精子氧化损伤机制提供理论依据。     

转基因苜蓿研究现状及商业化前景

综述了转基因技术在苜蓿改良中的应用研究进展和取得的成绩,如改善了苜蓿的品质、抗逆性、抗虫害、抗除草剂、抗病性等;讨论了转基因苜蓿巨大的商业化潜力;指出了在期望利益的同时,应注意评估转基因苜蓿的生物安全问题和商业化过程中存在的其他问题.     

转基因苜蓿研究现状及商业化前景

综述了转基因技术在苜蓿改良中的应用研究进展和取得的成绩,如改善了苜蓿的品质、抗逆性、抗虫害、抗除草剂、抗病性等;讨论了转基因苜蓿巨大的商业化潜力;指出了在期望利益的同时,应注意评估转基因苜蓿的生物安全问题和商业化过程中存在的其他问题。     

性控冻精在克拉玛依地区后备奶牛上的应用试验

新疆克拉玛依绿成公司奶牛二场从2006年开始对178头满18月龄后备牛进行配种,其中86头使用性控冻精,92头使用普通冻精,统计情期受胎率、母犊率、犊牛初生重、犊牛成活率和胎衣不下的情况,并对性控冻精与普通冻精后代的生产性能等进行了跟踪观察与对比。性控冻精配种的后备牛比普通冻精配种的后备牛的情期受胎率低8.4个百分点（P〉0.05）,母犊率提高44.2个百分点（P〈0.01）,犊牛初生重相差1.2kg（P〉0.05）,犊牛成活率相差1.4个百分点（P〉0.05）,胎衣不下率相差2.8个百分点（P〉0.05）。从后代的生产性能上比较,牛奶产量平均相差1.52kg,差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;乳蛋白、乳脂率和非脂固形物比较,差异均不显著。通过性控冻精与普通冻精在后备牛上的运用效果表明,奶牛性控冻精在情期受胎率、母犊率及后代的生产性能方面具有良好的综合试验效果。     

猪精液常温保存稀释液的应用研究

为了筛选适宜的猪精液常温保存稀释液配方,在对稀释液pH、渗透压及缓冲指数进行理论控制的基础上,设计9个稀释液配方,以进口BTS稀释液为对照,通过分析精液有效保存时间和生存指数筛选出最佳配方,然后进行母猪输精试验。结果表明,稀释液pH、渗透压及缓冲指数进行理论控制方法的准确性分别达到97.1%~99.42%、98.7%~99.68%和98.48%~99.16%,可以满足精液稀释液配方设计的要求。9号极显著地高于5、6、7、8号稀释液(P0.01),稀释液有效保存时间160.8h,生存指数49.46,显著高于8号液(P0.05),极显著高于5、6、7号液(P0.01)。9号液精液有效保存时间、生存指数、母猪情期受胎率和平均窝产仔数分别达到160.8h、49.46、80.5%和9.5头,与进口BTS液差异不显著(P0.05),可用于实际生产。     

黑猩猩人工采精与精液品质的研究

能否采到高品质的精液是人工授精成败的关键因素,本研究在黑猩猩上做了大胆的探索.采用电刺激采精,多次采集到高活力的黑猩猩精液,找到了合适的稀释液,并对精液品质进行了测定.     

关于影响性控精子体外受精的因素及应用前景展望

本文对牛分离精子体外受精研究进展、影响分离精子体外受精的因素及其体外受精可行性问题进行了综述，并对分离精子体外受精技术的应用前景提出了展望。     

奶牛性别控制冻精和普通冻精对比试验研究

用奶牛性控冻精共授配奶牛948头,妊娠893头,情期受胎率平均为67.37%;母犊率达到93.95%,普通冻精产母犊率51.63%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。对其中20头母犊出生时的体重、体尺进行了测定,并与常规冻精所产母犊的生长发育指标进行比较,两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验表明,奶牛性控冻精对实现规模化奶牛场的快速扩群和品质提升具有较高的实用价值。     

保护剂在猪精液冷冻保存中的应用

文章综述了猪精液冷冻保存技术的发展简史,阐述了保护剂的作用机理,介绍了常用的保护剂及其应用,以期为猪精液冷冻保存技术的后续研究提供参考,延长猪精液冷冻保存的时间,提高猪人工授精的受精率。     

抗氧化剂在猪精液冷冻保存技术中的应用

近年来,在猪精液冷冻保存技术中应用抗氧化剂以提高冷冻精液质量的研究受到了广泛关注。国内外相继报道,添加甲基黄嘌呤、丁羟甲苯、谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶、维生素E及褪黑素等抗氧化剂可以有效改善冷冻保存猪精液的精子运动学参数,保护精子质膜、顶体和DNA完整性,提高冷冻-解冻后精子的受精能力。为了更好地了解抗氧化剂的抗精子冷冻损伤的作用机制、客观地评价不同抗氧化剂的应用效果及展望其在猪精液冷冻保存技术中的应用前景特综述如下。     

Application of Techniques for Sperm Selection in Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Stallion Semen

The objective of this research was to improve the techniques in processing chilled and frozen‐thawed horse semen. In a preliminary experiment (Exp. I), different techniques for sperm selection and preparation [Swim‐up, Glass wool (GW) filtration, Glass wool Sephadex (GWS) filtration; Percoll] were tested for their suitability for equine spermatozoa and results were compared with the routine procedure by dilution (Exp. I). In the main experiment (Exp. II), two sperm preparation techniques (GWS, Leucosorb^®) refering to the results of Exp. I and a previous study of our group (Pferdcheilkunde 1996 12, 773) were selected for processing complete ejaculates either for cooled‐storage or cryopreservation. In a third experiment (Exp. III), pregnancy rates from inseminations with semen processed according to the techniques tested in Exp. II were compared with those obtained with semen processed according to routine procedures. In Exp. I (six stallions, six ejaculates/stallion), between 48 and 92% of spermatozoa were lost following the different sperm selection procedures (p < 0.05). Preparation of sperm increased percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (pms) [Swim‐up, GW, GWS vs dilution, Percoll (p < 0.05)] and decreased percentage of sperm head abnormalities [Swim‐up, GW, GWS vs dilution, Percoll (p < 0.05)] probably by not improving the quality of individual cells, but by elimination of spermatozoa of inferior quality. In Exp. II (eight stallions, three ejaculates/stallion) Leucosorb^® and GWS procedures allowed the filtration of large volumes (extended ejaculates) for routine laboratory practice. GWS and Leucosorb^® filtration resulted in increased motility, membrane integrity and sperm viability after storage of spermatozoa until 48 h at +5°C when compared with control (diluted) and centrifuged semen (p < 0.05). Significantly more spermatozoa were recovered after centrifugation (87.8 ± 15.4%) compared with GWS (63.5 ± 18.6%) and Leucosorb^® filtration (53.6 ± 22.3%). GWS or Leucosorb^® procedure resulted in successful cryopreservation of stallion semen without centrifugation for removal of seminal plasma. The per cycle conception rate of inseminated mares using 200 × 10⁶ pms transferred within 8 h after collection of semen was not affected by GWS filtration or Leucosorb^® separation when compared with centrifugation (n.s.; Exp. III). In conclusion, GWS and Leucosorb^® filtration results in the improvement of semen quality and should be considered as a method for stallion semen processing. Additional studies are needed for the evaluation of potentially higher fertilizing ability of stallion spermatozoa separated by techniques for sperm selection.