鮸状黄姑鱼池塘养殖技术

鮸状黄姑鱼 (Nibeamiichthioides)属鲈形目、石首鱼科、黄姑鱼属 ,主要分布于南海和台湾海峡 ,福建广东沿海渔民俗称为鲈、白 ,是一种温水肉食性鱼类。状黄姑鱼能在 6～ 30 .5℃的水温范围内正常生活 ,最适生长水温为 1 8～ 2 8℃。适宜的盐度范围为 1 4～ 32。状黄姑鱼生长速度快、抗病能力强、营养丰富、肉味鲜美 ,鱼鳔具有较高的药用价值。目前在我国福建、广东沿海地区已大面积推广网箱养殖 ,但在池塘中养殖状黄姑鱼方面的资料尚未见报道。 1 998年 ,天津市塘沽区水产技术推广站 ,从厦门引进状黄姑鱼受精卵进行人工育苗获…     

鮸状黄姑鱼Nibea miichthioides Chu. Lo et Wu网箱养殖生产管理与问题探讨

鮸状黄姑鱼为新兴网箱养殖名优品种,它具有耐高温,适应性强,生长快,养殖周期短等特点。本文拟就该鱼在网箱养殖实际生产中的一些问题进行分析、探讨,以期有更多的水产科技人员加入该鱼的研究工作。     

网箱养殖鮸状黄姑鱼常见病害的防治

本文报道(鱼免)状黄姑鱼网箱养殖中常见病害及其防治方法。细菌性烂鳃病:流行季节为5—8月,危害各生长阶段鱼,川浓度10×10~(-6)漂白粉和10—20×10~(-6)呋喃西林分别浸洗3—5min,连续2、3次可治愈;细菌性竖鳞病:发病季节为4—12月,危害各生长阶段鱼,治疗用40×10~(-6)高锰酸钾浸洗5—10min及呋喃西林粉末涂抹患处,或注射链霉素15—20mg/kg鱼;肠炎病:发病水温18—30.5C,流行高峰25—30C,危害各生长阶段鱼,防治方法为,每100kg鱼用呋喃唑酮3—5g或氟哌酸5—10g拌饵投喂,连用4—6d;湖蛭病:流行于12—5月水温22C以下吋,寄生于各龄鱼,影响亲鱼的性腺发育,可用捕捉去除、淡水浸泡5—10min或5—6％盐水浸泡3—5min使虫体脱落;气泡病:发病季节5—9月,水温25—30.5C,危害体长150mm以下幼龟,将发病早期的个体移入水温较低、水质较清洁新鲜的水中,可使恢复正常。     

鮸状黄姑鱼池塘养殖技术

鮸状黄姑鱼，俗称“青鲈”，隶属鲈形目，鲈亚目，石首鱼科，黄姑鱼属，是海水养殖新品种。该鱼生长迅速，肉质鲜美，适温范围广，在我国沿海均可进行养殖。由于该鱼销售市场广阔，销售价格高，因而深受沿海各养殖户的喜爱，有较大的发展潜力。     

鮸鱼网箱养殖试验

鮸鱼,俗名黑鮸,拉丁文名Miichthysmiiny(Basilewsky),为鲈形目、石首鱼科、属。2004年普陀水产科技推广站和普陀东方养殖开发有限公司共同进行网箱养殖试验。一、材料与方法1.网箱4米×7米钢管网箱2只,聚乙烯网衣。2.放养规格及密度6月14日自宁波奉化购入鱼当年鱼种1万尾,规格5～7厘米/尾。鱼苗放养密度为50～60尾/米3。3.饲料投喂鱼是以肉食为主的杂食性鱼类,目前主要投喂新鲜或冰冻杂鱼虾,也可投喂人工饲料。投喂节律为慢、快、慢,如抢食不强烈则停止投喂。在清水区前期鱼苗阶段可采用手指弹拨,后期采用撒投方式;在混水区及大网箱中采用…     

鮸状黄姑鱼的研究现状及开发利用前景

介绍了鮸状黄姑鱼的分类地位和生态习性,描述了该鱼的生长和性腺发育过程,总结了其人工繁育过程中的亲鱼选择和暂养、催产、苗种培育和海水网箱养殖等技术;探讨了鮸状黄姑鱼的资源保护和可持续利用前景及今后的研究方向。     

日本黄姑鱼和鮸状黄姑鱼细胞色素b基因序列的比较分析

利用PCR技术对日本黄姑鱼和鮸状黄姑鱼线粒体DNA的细胞色素b基因片段进行了扩增,PCR产物直接测序,分别获得日本黄姑鱼和鮸状黄姑鱼1137bp的序列。通过对两种鱼的Cyth序列的比对分析,得出两种鱼序列的相似性为99．82％;分析了两种鱼序列的碱基组成及碱基变异情况,发现两种鱼的序列差异明显,碱基替换较多,而且有2个位点可以作为区分两种鱼的分子标记。因此,可以将Cyth基因作为种间分子鉴定或更高分类界元遗传分析的分子标记。     

投喂率对网箱养殖俄罗斯鲟生长与血液指标的影响

在水温15~20℃下,将体质量(3 381.27±132.17)g的2龄俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)幼鱼养殖在6 m×6 m×6 m的网箱中,研究了天邦牌鲟鱼饲料5种投喂率[0.7%(F1组)、0.8%(F2组)、0.9%(F3组)、1.0%(F4组)和1.1%(F5组)]对俄罗斯鲟幼鱼生长、体成分和主要血液指标的影响。结果显示,F5组鱼的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于F1组(P0.05),与其余各组无显著差异(P0.05)。各组间鱼肌肉中粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量、脾体比(SSI)、成活率(SR)和肥满度(CF)无显著性差异(P0.05)。F5组鱼的肝体比(HSI)、水分含量和成熟系数(GSI)显著高于F1组(P0.05)。各组鱼血液中红细胞数(RBC)、白细胞数(WBC)和血清中碱性磷酸酶含量(AKP)、总胆固醇含量(TC)均无显著差异(P0.05)。F4和F5组中血清甘油三酯含量(TG)显著高于F1组(P0.05),而与F3、F2组无显著差异(P0.05)。F5组俄罗斯鲟生长最好,F1组生长最差。F2、F3、F5组与F4组的生长无显著差异,投喂率从1.0%降至0.8%,可提高经济和生态效益。     

中华鳖稚鳖继饥饿后的补偿生长研究

对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinesis)稚鳖(平均体重4.47g)进行了6种饥饿处理:饥饿0(C)、3(T1)、6(T2)、9(T3)、12(T4)和15d(T5),然后饱食处理,实验持续28d。结果显示T1组与C组试验末体质量差异不显著,而显著高于其它饥饿处理组;摄食期的摄食率随饥饿处理时间延长而显著增加;T1组饵料系数与C组相近;T1组特定生长率最高,各组特定生长率差异不显著。表明:经过饥饿3d后恢复摄食的稚鳖可达到完全补偿,且补偿生长效应主要通过提高摄食率实现的。     

不同投饲率对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼生长及鱼体生化成分的影响

采用一种饲料5个投喂水平(鱼体重1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、4.0%、5.0%)在水温26~28℃的条件下对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼(26.85±1.69g)进行了40d生长实验。结果表明:特定生长率和相对增重率随着投饲率的增加呈先上升后平稳的趋势,饲料利用率随着投饲率的升高呈先下降后平稳再下降的趋势;鱼体的水分含量随投饲率的增加而下降,蛋白质和脂肪含量随投饲率的增加而升高,投饲率对灰分无影响。根据最大相对增重率和最大饲料利用率,确定日本黄姑鱼幼鱼适宜投饲率在水温26~28℃时为3.0%。     

Compensatory growth responses in juvenile fat snook,Centropomus parallelus Poey,following food deprivation

The compensatory growth in juvenile fat snook (13.7 g) was evaluated in fish subjected to four treatments: continuously fed (control); subjected to 1 (D1), 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) weeks of food deprivation, followed by a 5‐week re‐feeding period. At the end of food deprivation, the body weights at the different treatments were significantly different and inversely related to the length of the food deprivation period (C=16.425 g; D1=14.024 g; D2=13.542 g; D3=12.228 g). During re‐feeding, no differences were observed in the slopes of body weight growth curves among treatments, indicating failure in full growth compensation. In the first re‐feeding week (week 4), although hyperphagia was observed for all re‐fed groups, better food conversion ratios were detected only for D1 and D2, reflected in an enhancement in the specific growth rates. From week 5 onwards, no differences between treatments and control were detected for any variable. The total food intake was lower for D2 and D3 compared with the control. In the present study, fish showed partial compensatory growth when subjected to a maximum of 2 weeks of food deprivation. Therefore, the food deprivation can promote production losses, even considering a reduction in the total food intake.     

Compensatory growth,feed intake and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings following feed deprivation

Ten‐week study was performed on Labeo rohita fingerlings (av. wt. 3.75 ± 0.06 g) to investigate the nature of compensatory growth. Fingerlings were deprived of food for 0 (control), 1 (D1), 2 (D2) or 3 (D3) weeks and refed to satiation for 5 weeks. The feed deprivation was carried out in D3 group on week 3, 4 and 5; D2 group on week 4 and 5; D1 group on week 5, and refeeding of all the groups were started from week 6 onwards. The D1 and D2 groups caught up in body weight with that of control fish within 2 weeks and 4 weeks of refeeding, respectively, but the D3 group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower body weight than the control after 5 weeks of refeeding. Higher growth efficiency was observed in all the feed deprived groups in the 1st week of refeeding only. Feed intake in D1 group became similar with the control after 5 weeks of refeeding, but the D2 and D3 groups were still hyperphagic when the experiment terminated. Thus, compensatory growth was due to hyperphagia and improved growth efficiency. In conclusion, complete compensatory growth was observed in L. rohita fingerlings after feed deprivation of 1 and 2 weeks.     

A proposal for modelling the thermal‐unit growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio as functions of feeding rate for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata,L.) in summer conditions

Modelling growth as a function of feeding rate (FR) could be one of the most important tools for fish farms, because this knowledge allows growth to be maximized, or the feed conversion ratio (FCR) to be minimized, thereby improving profits. All growth models should include the three principal variables involved in growth: initial body weight, temperature and feeding rate. The thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) already includes water temperature variation and initial body weight. Studying variation in TGC for fish fed the same diet, but at several feeding rates provides interesting information for modelling. Six different trials were conducted where gilthead sea bream of several different initial weights (24, 38, 50, 110, 220 or 289 g) were fed increasing amounts, and growth and the conversion index response were measured. The TGC response was modelled as a function of FR, and both asymptotic and quadratic responses were examined. The asymptotic model, TGC × 1000 = 2.037*(1?e ^{(?0.8*(FR?0.22)}), had an adjusted R² value of 96.18, whereas the quadratic model, TGC × 1000 = ?0.381 + 1,715 × FR?0,382 × FR², had an adjusted R² value of 96.42. Simulations of the FCR and the economical profitability index (EPI) were conducted to provide tools for maximizing efficiency and profitability, and the results suggest that these tools will be useful for future investigations.     

Compensatory growth of juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii with cyclical feed deprivation and refeeding

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate compensatory growth of juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (initial weight 9.56 ± 0.12 g) in fifteen 300 L indoors flow‐through circular fibreglass tanks. Feeding regimes was designed as follows: the control group (fed continuously), and S1, S2, S3 and S4 groups experienced 1, 2, 3 and 4 days of feed deprivation and then refeeding for the remaining days per week respectively. Changes in body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were examined biweekly during the trial. At the end of the cyclical feeding periods, survival was not significantly affected by feeding strategy (P > 0.05). Final body weight of fish in S1 group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05) after an 8 weeks trial, and fish in the S2 group reached the same body weight of the control fish (P > 0.05), however, the growth data in the S3 and S4 groups could not catch‐up with the control treatment (P < 0.05). In the first 4 weeks, SGR values of fish with feed deprivation more than 2 days per week were inferior to those of control group (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences of SGR were observed among the groups for the last 4 weeks (P > 0.05). FI increased significantly with the starvation days increasing during the whole feeding trial (P < 0.05). At the periods 2, 4 and 6 weeks, FER values increased significantly with increasing feed‐deprivation days up to S2 group and then levelled off (P < 0.05); however, FER in S2 group was only higher than that in S0 and S1, but no significant differences were found among the other treatments at the end of week 8. Significant differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein among the treatments, while ADCs of crude lipid were unaffected. Protein and lipid contents in whole body and dorsal muscle showed declining tendency with increasing food deprivation days, while moisture contents tended to increase (P < 0.05). Serum parameters were markedly affected by feeding regimes except for total protein concentration and thyroxine level. The present results indicated that starvation for 1 and 2 days per week of juvenile black sea bream could achieve over‐compensation and complete compensation respectively. However, in case of longer term feed restriction regime, fish failed to obtain good growth performance.     

Effect of feeding frequency on growth,feed utilization,body composition and waste output of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) reared in net pens

A 6‐week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization efficiency, body composition and waste output of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus reared in net pens. Fish (10.3 ± 0.5 g) were either fed a formulated diet containing 48.4% crude protein and 5.7% crude lipid at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals per day or fed a raw fish feed at two meals per day as a control. The weight gain (WG) increased with increasing feeding frequency from 0.5 to 3 meals per day (P < 0.05), but did not significantly change with the further increase in feeding frequency from 3 to 4 meals per day (P > 0.05). The feed intake (FI) was lower in fish fed at 0.5 or 1 meal per day than in fish fed at 2, 3 or 4 meals per day (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor (CF), nitrogen waste output (NWO) and phosphorus waste output (PWO) between fish fed at 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals per day (P > 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in the phosphorus retention efficiency (PRE) among the feeding treatments (P > 0.05). The body lipid content increased, whereas the contents of moisture and ash decreased, with the increase in feeding frequency (P < 0.05). At the same feeding frequency, fish fed the formulated diet exhibited lower FI, FCR, HSI, body moisture content, NWO and PWO, but higher NRE, PRE, body lipid content and body phosphorus content than those of fish fed the raw fish feed (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the formulated diet can satisfy nutrient requirements of juvenile golden pompano reared in net pens, and the suitable feeding frequency is 3 meals per day.     

Cyclical feed deprivation and refeeding fails to enhance compensatory growth in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.

A 12-week experiment was carried out to evaluate compensatory growth of 6.6 g Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. under three cyclical regimes of feed deprivation and refeeding. The deprivation and refeeding regimes included four cycles of 1 week of deprivation and 2 weeks of refeeding (S1F2), two cycles of 2 weeks of deprivation and 4 weeks of refeeding (S2F4) and one cycle of 4 weeks of deprivation and 8 weeks of refeeding (S4F8). A group of fish fed to satiation twice daily throughout the experiment served as control. At the end of the refeeding periods, fish deprived and refed cyclically had higher feed intake and specific growth rates (SGR), but lower body weight, than that of the control fish. There was no significant difference in feed efficiency ratio (FER) between the control and fish subjected to feed deprivation during the refeeding periods, and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) was not different between any two treatments throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, fish subjected to feed deprivation had lower body weight but similar body composition, relative to those of the control fish. No significant differences were found in final body weight, NRE and body composition between the fish subjected to different cycles of deprivation and refeeding, but the fish subjected to one cycle of deprivation and refeeding exhibited high mortality. Our results indicate that partial growth compensation induced by various cycles of feed deprivation and refeeding does not confer a huge advantage in terms of enhancing the production efficiency and reducing the nitrogen waste output in Nile tilapia farming 29–30 °C.