Space shuttle: a new era in terrestrial remote sensing

The space shuttle will carry its first scientific cargo into orbit on its second test flight. The seven experiments to be conducted during this flight-investigations related to continental geology, atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, marine biology, and plant physiology-will demonstrate the potential usefulness of the shuttle for research in the earth and life sciences.     

TM遥感图像在城市绿地信息监测中的应用

城市绿地是生态系统的重要组成部分,在城市环境发展中起着至关重要的作用.介绍了TM遥感图像的特征,并阐述了其在城市绿地信息提取中的应用原理和利用TM影像提取绿地信息的一般过程.结合TM遥感图像在唐山市绿地分布中的应用实际,证明了遥感技术在绿地信息提取中的高效性,直观性,和精确性.     

遥感在海洋渔业中的应用与研究进展

随着遥感技术的发展,遥感在海洋渔业中的作用逐渐被人们所认识,其在海洋渔业中的应用不断深入,应用领域也不断被拓展。作者综述了遥感在海洋鱼群侦察、海洋环境要素与海洋鱼类地理分布关系的研究、海洋渔业资源的变动及评估、海洋渔业管理与安全等4个方面的应用,并对其存在的问题和取得的进展进行了归纳总结。     

城市绿地信息提取中的遥感影像阴影校正

建筑物阴影会对城市绿地产生遮蔽,从而影响城市绿化的遥感调查结果。该文利用乌鲁木齐的QuickBird遥感数据,采用面向对象的技术对遥感影像进行阴影检测,并对阴影区域进行灰度补偿,改进了阴影区域的信息,然后采用面向对象的技术对阴影校正后的影像进行绿地信息提取。结果表明:该方法检测高分辨率遥感影像的阴影区域简单易行;通过灰度补偿可以有效地恢复阴影区域的信息,从而提高城市绿化遥感调查的准确性。      

耕地遥感识别研究进展与展望

快速、准确获取耕地数量及其分布信息是研究耕地时空格局和生态效应的基础,也是及时制定应对粮食问题对策的迫切需求。近年来,随着卫星遥感技术的迅猛发展,遥感以其宏观性、实时性以及经济性为耕地信息快速获取提供了可能性。本文归纳了遥感技术应用于识别耕地信息的研究进展,总结了国内外耕地信息提取研究中常用的数据源、分类算法、时相选择、分类对象,讨论了上述四大类在提取耕地信息过程中的优缺点。随着传感器数量不断增加,遥感影像时间分辨率、空间分辨率及光谱分辨率不断提高,分类算法的不断涌现,基于多源遥感数据,集成智能分类算法识别耕地将成为必然的发展趋势。     

四川-CIMMYT小麦穿梭育种回顾与展望

通过对四川与国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)10多年来开展小麦穿梭育种合作研究取得显著成效的回顾，着重记叙了四川在与CIMMYT的合作中，引进CIMMYT的麦类种质资源和国际先进的冬春杂交小麦穿梭育种新方法、新技术，并利用引进种质的抗锈病、优质等特性与四川小麦品种的优良综合农艺性状、丰产性、广适性相结合，育成了川麦30等系列高产、抗病、优质新品种在生产上大面积推广应用。实践表明，CIMMYT种质已成为四川育种的一个重要亲本来源。本文还对今后进一步加强与CIMMYT合作，提高合作效率途径进行了探讨。     

Machine learning for science: state of the art and future prospects

Recent advances in machine learning methods, along with successful applications across a wide variety of fields such as planetary science and bioinformatics, promise powerful new tools for practicing scientists. This viewpoint highlights some useful characteristics of modern machine learning methods and their relevance to scientific applications. We conclude with some speculations on near-term progress and promising directions.     

水稻遥感估产系统研究——预试验和前期研究结果以及对开展估产研究的讨论

水稻遥感估产经过“六五”期间的预试验和“七五”期间的前期研究,对难度极大的我国南方水稻遥感估产取得了重要进展。初步明确了水稻遥感估产的研究途径、技术路线及研究方法,但要达到业务运行,还存在很多困难。因此,对今后进一步开展水稻遥感估产研究的几个重要问题加以讨论。     

Free-electron lasers: present status and future prospects

Free-electron lasers as scientific instruments are reviewed. The present status and future prospects are delineated with attention drawn to the size, complexity, availability, and performance capability of this new tool.     

Solar flares, proton showers, and the space shuttle

The space shuttle era will focus renewed attention on the hazards of the space environment to human habitation. The chief unpredictable hazard for astronauts is energetic proton radiation from solar flares. In some orbits, there is no reasonable level of shielding material that will protect shuttle occupants from potentially lethal doses of radiation. The effects of a solar flare that occurred druing the first flight of the Columbia are discussed and current flare research reviewed. The emphasis is on progress made during the recent international Solar Maximum Year toward understanding the origins of proton showers.     

水稻卫星遥感估产研究现状与对策

概述了卫星遥感估产的原理和国内外在水稻产量估算方面的研究进展,分析了其中存在的问题,并对水稻卫星遥感估产研究的发展方向进行了思考.     

Laser remote sensing of the atmosphere

Laser beams can be used as long-range spectroscopic probes of the chemical composition and physical state of the atmosphere. The spectroscopic, optical, and laser requirements for atmospheric laser remote sensing are reviewed, and the sensitivity and limitations of the technique are described. A sampling of recent measurements includes the detection of urban air pollution and toxic chemicals in the atmosphere, the measurement of global circulation of volcanic ash in the upper atmosphere, and the observation of wind shear near airports.     

作物长势遥感监测应用研究现状和展望

作物长势遥感监测是农业遥感应用的重要研究领域。本文在概述遥感信息数据源和遥感监测原理的基础上,总结了作物长势遥感监测应用中面积遥感估算、产量估测、实时长势监测和长势遥感监测信息系统开发的研究进展,指出其中存在的一些问题,并对作物长势遥感监测应用的未来进行了展望。     

农业遥感技术发展新需求与新挑战

【目的 】农业遥感是中国农业现代化发展的重要技术手段,随着空天遥感技术不断发展,农业遥感步入了快速发展阶段。在中国农业现代化建设的新时期,明确农业遥感发展的新需求和新挑战对于推动农业遥感新发展,更好地服务中国农业现代化具有重要意义。【方法 】文章采用文献综述和总结凝练的方法,回顾和概述了农业遥感技术的发展历程,分析了当前农业遥感发展现状。在中国农业现代化建设新时代背景下,基于国家战略需求提出了当前农业遥感技术发展的新需求,分析了农业遥感技术发展的新挑战。【结果 】（1）当前农业遥感研究覆盖了种植面积提取、长势监测、产量预测、农业气象灾害监测、病虫害监测和气象、土壤等农业环境监测等内容,农业遥感逐渐向更准确、更及时、更自动的方向发展。（2）新时代背景下,农业遥感的新需求主要体现在智慧育种、耕地保护和精细农作等方面;新挑战则主要表现在农业遥感监测层级由表层植被/土壤向根层根系/土壤的发展、遥感观测的时间间隔由周期观测向近实时观测演进、遥感观测尺度由单一尺度向多尺度耦合发展以及遥感观测落脚点由传统的观测结果呈现向实际决策应用的转变。【结论 】农业遥感技术发展新需求和新挑战的提出将有助于研究人...     

Intelligent robots for fruit harvesting: recent developments and future challenges

Precision Agriculture - Intelligent robots for fruit harvesting have been actively developed over the past decades to bridge the increasing gap between feeding a rapidly growing population and...     

Overview of the shuttle imaging radar-B preliminary scientific results

The Shuttle Imaging Radar-B experiment consisted of a large number of scientific investigations in the earth sciences. Nine oceanographic experiments were conducted to study the generation and propagation of surface waves, the dynamics of internal waves, oil slick detection, and the properties of southern polar ice. Stereo imaging from space allowed three-dimensional viewing of surface features. Geologic experiments were conducted to study subsurface penetration, structural mapping, and lithologic classification. Imaging radar angular scatterometry was used in the vegetation cover, forest type, and urban areas classification experiments. This article provides an overview of the scientific results, some of which are also presented in this issue.