奎屯垦区加工番茄高产栽培技术

1品种选择以早熟品种为主,搭配中晚熟品种。选择果实鲜红,果实红熟一致,丰产性好,便于运输,抗病能力强的品种。奎屯垦区种植番茄品种主要有早熟丰产的里格尔87-5、屯河8号（立原8号、亚心8号）、石番15号、石红206（直立型）、Q020（直立型）及中晚熟杂交种石番27号、屯河48号等。     

博乐垦区加工番茄品种比较试验

博州垦区加工番茄自种植以来品种一直比较单一,里格尔87-5是其主栽品种,长期以来大面积种植产量却难以突破。当务之急是筛选出综合性状较好并且适宜博州垦区种植的品种。近年来,我们通过多次加工番茄品种比较试验,于2009年在试验中发现,番茄品种-麒麟3号较为适宜博州     

番茄种子萌发期耐旱性鉴定指标的研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)6000溶液模拟水分胁迫条件(0,-0.2,-0.3,-0.4MPa)对8份番茄种子进行萌发试验,研究了番茄萌发期渗透胁迫对种子萌发状况的影响。结果显示:渗透溶液的浓度越高对种子萌发的胁迫程度越大,并且在-0.4MPa水势下,所有材料都不能发芽。在-0.2～-0.3MPa水势下相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、胚根生长都受到不同程度的抑制,且两种浓度下的萌发耐旱指数具有相关性(r=0.759*)。通过萌发期耐旱指数与各指标的相关分析、聚类分析,认为选用-0.2～-0.3MPa的PEG6000溶液都可进行番茄萌发期耐旱性鉴定,并明确了萌发期耐旱性鉴定的指标体系,为综合评价不同番茄品种萌发期耐旱性奠定了基础。     

不同有机酸对加工番茄种子萌发的化感效应

采用发芽试验研究了前人从番茄内检测出的3种有机酸对加工番茄种子萌发及胚根生长的化感效应。结果表明:邻苯二甲酸、苯甲酸和肉桂酸均抑制了加工番茄不同品种种子的萌发,表现在萌发率、胚根长较对照均有所降低,差异达到显著或极显著,而且随有机酸浓度的增加,这种抑制程度也逐渐增强。通过3个加工番茄品种种子的萌芽率和胚根长度综合来看,3种有机酸对加工番茄品种新引98-1的抑制作用最强,其次是里格尔87-5和新番4号,这可能和种子本身的抗性有关。     

河套灌区加工型番茄春霜冻指标研究

为了更好地开展加工型番茄春霜冻气象服务,本研究选用加工番茄‘里格尔87-5’幼苗为试验材料,利用MSX-2F人工模拟霜箱系统模拟自然降温过程,通过测定幼苗的叶温,记录植株冻伤、冻死情况,结合荧光参数值,初步确定河套灌区番茄霜冻指标。结果表明:(1)番茄幼苗全部冻死的最低温度为≤-5℃;(2)番茄幼苗过冷却点的范围为-3.1~-5.0℃之间,结冰点的范围为-2.4~-4.9℃之间;(3)相对较小苗龄的番茄,抗寒能力更强;(4)番茄幼苗轻霜冻地表温度指标为-2℃,重霜冻地表温度指标为-4℃。     

PEG胁迫方法评价棉花幼苗耐旱性研究

分别选用8个陆地棉、2个海岛棉、2个亚洲棉品种作为材料进行耐旱水平试验,以PEG6000作为水分胁迫剂,对棉花种子萌发期、芽期、子叶期和真叶期材料分别进行处理,得出了耐旱水平变化曲线,结果验证棉花耐旱性鉴定关键时期应在3～6片真叶幼苗.用不同浓度PEG6000对具有3～6片真叶的棉花幼苗进行12 h连续处理后,统计其成活率.研究表明:PEG6000溶液浓度为17%(W/V)时,棉花幼苗的成活率与田间旱棚鉴定结果有较高的一致性.此方法简单、快速,易操作,基本可用于棉花品种的耐旱性评价与鉴定工作,并将为棉花耐旱分子生物学研究奠定基础.     

加工番茄离体再生体系的建立

以加工番茄‘亚心98-1’和‘里格尔87-5’2个品种的子叶作为外植体,研究不同激素组合对其出愈和诱芽的影响。结果表明,激素的种类和浓度对加工番茄外植体出愈率的影响没有差异,但是诱导形成的愈伤组织形态和不定芽存在差异,ZT与IAA组合对不定芽的诱导效果高于6-BA与IAA组合,不定芽诱导率最高的培养基为MS+ZT 0.5 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L。品种之间存在差异,‘亚心98-1’比‘里格尔87-5’更易产生较高比率的正常芽。再生芽在1/2MS + 0.1 mg/L IAA生根培养基上能正常生根,并发育成完整的小植株。     

加工番茄新品种简介

新疆石河子蔬菜研究所是兵团唯一的专业性蔬菜研究所,自成立以来在加工番茄领域取得了丰硕的成果,1995年通过新疆维吾尔自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定的里格尔87-5,获1997年度兵团科技进步奖一等奖.近几年又根据我国加工番茄市场的变化,选育出了一系列新品种,受到了各地的欢迎,现简介如下.     

PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫下不同加工番茄种子萌发期抗旱性评价

研究不同PEG-6000浓度胁迫下3个加工番茄种子的耐旱性.实验设置6个PEG-6000浓度梯度0、5％、7.5％、10％、12.5％、15％,对3个加工番茄品种种子进行干旱胁迫处理,测定其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标.结果表明:(1)随着PEG浓度的升高,3个加工番茄种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根鲜重和干重、下胚轴鲜重和干重均呈下降趋势,不同品种抗旱性的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度有明显差异;(2)采用模糊数学隶属函数值法综合评价初步认为,这3个加工番茄耐旱性由大到小依次为:KT-16＞ KT-18＞ KT-70; (3)种子萌发耐旱指数和常用的萌发抗旱指标有很高的相关性,且能很好的反映不同加工番茄干旱胁迫下的差别,可作为加工番茄萌发阶段抗旱性鉴定的筛选方法.     

硒对低温胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片光合特性与叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以加工番茄‘里格尔87-5’幼苗为试材,对其外施0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2mgSe? kg-1Na2SeO3的溶液,并进行昼(12±1)℃/夜(8±1)℃的低温胁迫处理。研究硒对低温胁迫下加工番茄幼苗叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明：随着低温胁迫时间的延长,番茄幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)减小;叶片初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学荧光猝灭系数(qN)上升;最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)表现下降。不同浓度的硒溶液可以缓解低温胁迫对番茄幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,并且以0.9mgSe?kg-1Na2SeO3 的作用效果最好。     

20个烟草品种干旱胁迫下发芽和苗期生理特性及耐旱性评价

试验对干旱胁迫下20个烟草品种发芽和苗期生理生化特性变化进行了分析,并对其耐旱性进行了鉴定。在正常供水和15%PEG-6000模拟干旱条件下测定了种子发芽特性及幼苗生长、生理生化等指标,将各性状在正常供水与干旱胁迫下测定值的比值作为耐旱性评价指标。相关性分析表明,相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对幼苗鲜重和相对幼苗干重之间显著相关,是较好的耐旱性评价指标。通过聚类分析,将20个品种分为耐旱型、中等耐旱型和干旱敏感型3类,聚类结果与相关性分析结果一致。研究结果将为烟草抗旱性机理研究和育种以及烟草区域化种植提供理论依据。     

黍稷芽、苗期抗旱性评价及抗旱资源鉴定

为了全面了解中国现存黍稷种质资源的抗旱性,研究黍稷在PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫下的抗旱表现,挖掘优异抗旱种质并筛选抗旱鉴定指标,本研究以前期构建的包含230份资源的黍稷微核心种质为试验对象,开展室内PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫处理下的芽、苗期抗旱性研究。通过对芽期和苗期抗旱性指标的测定发现:干旱胁迫下,芽期和苗期各指标较对照组均有下降趋势;芽期指标变异系数较苗期偏大,苗期根鲜重变异系数最大,根干重、苗鲜重、苗干重其次(变化范围在0.35~0.50之间)。相关性分析显示多数指标间相关性都达到了显著或极显著水平,其中相对根鲜重与相对根干重的相关性最高,而相对叶绿素含量与相对根长、相对苗长、相对根鲜重及相对苗干重的相关性均较低。采用平均值-标准差逐级分级法和分层聚类分析综合鉴定参试黍稷芽期和苗期抗旱性,发现芽期极强抗旱、强抗旱材料分别为3份和10份,苗期极强抗旱、强抗旱材料分别为24份和23份;其中紫秆黍(00003289)、乌克兰黍(00006438)和白糜子(00000101)三个品种在芽期和苗期均有很好的抗旱性,可作为后续全生育期抗旱研究和抗旱品种选育的优良资源。对芽期及苗期各抗旱鉴定指标进行相关性分析,结果表明芽期与苗期抗旱性没有显著相关性;主成分分析表明,相对苗长、相对苗鲜重以及相对叶绿素含量可作为评价黍稷苗期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标。     

Screening for Drought Tolerance: Evaluation of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth for Drought Resistance in Legume Plants

Experiments were performed to evaluate seed germination and seedling growth in simulated drought as screening techniques for drought tolerance raring. Several laboratory screening tests were evaluated for ability to estimate drought resistance in 18 cultivars of legume plants (field bean, soybean, field pea, lupine). Drought was simulated by a water solution of mannitol of chemical water potential ψ= -0.3 and -0.6 MPa. Both solutions significantly affected seed germination (final germination and promptness index) and seedling growth parameters (seedling height, dry matter of shoot and root as well as leaf injury by drought and high temperature). The tested cultivars could be grouped as drought resistant and drought susceptible plants. Drought tolerance ratings of legume plants in the laboratory tests were, on the whole, consistent with the ratings based on estimation of direct effects of soil drought on seed yield in field experiments. Measurements of electroconductivity of leaf diffusate to evaluate invisible injury caused by drought or high temperature were found to be an adequate criterion for drought tolerance rating. It is concluded that tolerance to drought stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using mannitol containing nutrient solution. According to the results collected in this research, varieties differences in seed germination, seedling growth and leaf injury affected by drought or heat temperature were evident, however, not all treatments appeared to be equally useful for screening of legume species cultivars.     

Screening for Drought Tolerance: Soybean Germination and its Relationship to Seedling Responses

Seventeen determinate soybean ( Glycine max L.) cultivars from maturity groups V through VIII were screened for drought tolerance during germination and seedling stages. Germinating seeds and hydroponically-grown seedlings were subjected to osmotic stresses of -0.3 and -0.5 MPa using polyethylene glycol M.W. 8000. Genotypic variability was found among the cultivars for all the parameters analyzed in both germination and seedling tests. Germination stress index was lower for seeds exposed to -0.5 MPa than for -0.3 MPa osmotic stress. Lower osmotic potential in the treatment medium was also correlated with lower leaf water potential in seedlings subjected to it. A significant relationship was found between fresh weight and height stress indices. The cultivars that grew taller under drought stress conditions had greater dry matter accumulation and higher germination stress indices indicating the reliability of height to predict cultivar performance under such conditions. The cultivars Lee-74 and Wright had higher dry matter accumulation, greater height, and better germination under stress conditions than the other cultivars tested. Conversely, the cultivars Ra 401 and Bay performed poorly in the drought tests at both levels. In the seedling tests, there was no strong relationship between the leaf water potential and the overall performance of the plant suggesting no clear osmoregulatory mechanism. Based on results from germination and seedling tests, the cultivars Lee-74, Wright , and Ra 401 were selected for further studies in greenhouse and field trials.     

An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat

Summary A series of experiments was performed in order to evaluate the significance of seed germination and seedling growth in osmotic media as screening methods for drought tolerance.Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were tested under controlled environments, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions as the moisture stress inducing media.Tolerance in the rate of endosperm utilization, under stress, prior to the onset of germination varied among cultivars.Germination rate or injury to germination at various concentrations of PEG differed significantly among cultivars. Cultivar rating with respect to injury to germination changed with stress levels. Injury to germination did not correlate with endosperm utilization rate in PEG or in water.Germinating seedlings were tolerant to extreme desiccation up to the stage of emergence of the first leaf from the coleoptile.Growth of photosynthesizing seedlings was monitored as they were carried through an increasing concentration gradient of PEG solutions, ranging from –5.9 to –11.3 bars of water potential. Cultivars significantly differed in seedling growth tolerance to increasing levels of water stress. Seedling growth tolerance across cultivars was not correlated with their germination responses under srress.It is concluded that tolerance to water stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using PEG-containing nutrient solutions. It can not be predicted from germination tests in osmotica.Work was done under a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant no. 1654/78.Contribution from Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 192-E, 1979 series.     

芝麻耐旱性的鉴定方法及关联分析

为了解芝麻的耐旱性及获得与芝麻耐旱性相关的分子标记,在发芽期,采用不同浓度PEG 6000处理不同来源不同种皮颜色的10份芝麻品种,测定其形态特征和生理特征及各指标的差异显著性。结果表明,模拟芝麻干旱处理的最佳PEG 6000浓度为15%;综合各项指标的主成分分析、最优回归方程分析及相关性分析表明,相对成苗率可以作为芝麻发芽期耐旱性鉴定的关键指标;利用上述方法对216份核心种质资源群体进行耐旱性鉴定,相对成苗率耐旱系数值位于12.15%~93.52%,平均为60.74%,变异系数为25.22,变异丰富且呈正态分布;资源群体的耐旱性指标值与608个多态性标记位点的关联分析,获得与芝麻发芽期耐旱性有显著关联的标记30个(P<0.05),解释率在1.99%~4.96%之间,平均2.84%。试验表明,相对成苗率是最适且最方便的耐旱性鉴定指标,适用于芝麻资源的耐旱性鉴定。     

Comparative Effects of NaCl and Polyethylene Glycol on Germination, Emergence and Seedling Growth of Cowpea

Seeds of Paceño and Cuarenteño cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) were tested for salt and drought tolerance at germination, seedling emergence and early seedling growth in NaCl and PEG‐8000 solutions of different osmotic potentials (0, ?0.2, ?0.4, ?0.6, and ?0.8 MPa). Daily and final germination and emergence percentage, as well as germination and seedling emergence rate, and seedling growth were recorded under controlled conditions. Results showed that germination and emergence rate were delayed by both solutions in both cultivars, with differences between cultivars among growth stages, given that cultivar Cuarenteño, showed a higher germination rate than Paceño in NaCl, but Paceño was less affected by NaCl and PEG solutions at the emergence stage. Sodium chloride had a lesser effect on both cultivars in terms of germination rate, emergence rate and the final germination and emergence percentage than did PEG‐8000. This conclusively proves that the adverse effect of PEG‐8000 on germination, emergence and early seedling growth was due to the osmotic effect rather than the specific ion. Seedling growth was reduced by both stresses, but NaCl usually caused less damage than PEG to cowpea seedlings, suggesting that NaCl and PEG acted through different mechanisms.     

谷子地方品种发芽期和苗期对NaCl胁迫的反应和耐盐品种筛选

用150 mmol L^-1和200 mmol L^-1NaCl溶液鉴定194份来自河南、山东、河北等地的谷子地方品种的耐盐性,筛选出红谷、小黄谷、三变丑等11份耐盐性较强的品种,野谷5号和洋谷对盐胁迫比较敏感;不同品种发芽率、根和芽生长表现不同。发芽相对盐害率与苗期株高和第一片真叶面积相对盐害率没有显著相关性,但发芽期耐盐性差的品种野谷5号和洋谷在苗期耐盐性也较差。芽期耐盐性强的红谷、小黄谷和三变丑在150~200 mmol L^-1下苗期株高相对盐害率小于野谷5号和洋谷,三变丑的株高相对盐害率低于红谷和小黄谷,在高浓度下小黄谷的叶面积相对盐害率最小。     

陆地棉抗旱性与SSR分子标记的关联分析

【目的】了解陆地棉抗旱性和寻找与陆地棉抗旱性相关的分子标记,挖掘与抗旱性状相关的优异等位变异。【方法】以191份陆地棉栽培种组成的自然群体为材料,在萌发期采用质量分数为15%的PEG6000竖直滤纸法对191份材料进行胁迫处理,测定其发芽率。根据隶属函数值对萌发期抗旱性划分抗旱级别。利用关联分析的方法以74对SSR引物对该自然群体进行基因组变异扫描。在利用Structure 2.3.4分析该自然群体的遗传结构的基础上,使用Tassel 2.0的GLM模型将基因型数据与萌发期抗旱性状进行关联分析,寻找与抗旱性状相关的分子标记。【结果】筛选出强抗旱材料46份,中等抗旱材料59份,干旱敏感材料86份;群体结构分析将191份材料划分为2个亚群,分别包含123份和68份材料;通过关联分析获得与陆地棉萌发期抗旱性显著相关的分子标记15个,各位点对表型变异解释率为2.2%~7.49%。【结论】本研究筛选出强抗旱材料46份,获得与萌发期抗旱性相关的分子标记15个,可供棉花抗旱标记辅助选择育种利用。     

西藏3份垂穗披碱草耐旱性评价

探索野生垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb.）种子萌发与幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的生理响应,为西藏乡土植物耐旱性鉴定和育种提供依据。以西藏那曲市班戈县和索县2个地区的2份野生垂穗披碱草（Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号）为试验材料,以驯化品种巴青垂穗披碱草（E. nutans G. cv. Baqing）为对照材料,使用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）溶液和盆栽后自然干旱法分别模拟垂穗披碱草在萌发期和幼苗期的干旱胁迫环境,并测定相关生理指标。结果表明,PEG-6000抑制了Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号种子萌发,低浓度（-0.10MPa）的PEG-6000处理有利于巴青垂穗披碱草种子萌发;PEG-6000抑制了垂穗披碱草根和芽的生长,其中对于芽的抑制作用尤为明显。干旱胁迫下,幼苗叶片相对电导率值和丙二醛含量不断上升,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性呈先升后降的趋势。经隶属函数分析,供试的3份垂穗披碱草在种子萌发期和幼苗期生理耐旱性较强,均属于Ⅱ级（较抗）,其耐旱性为巴青垂穗披碱草>垂穗披碱草Ⅰ号>垂穗披碱草Ⅱ号。