家禽TD饲料可利用氨基酸含量测定

以凯氏定氮法测定土霉素药渣 (TD)的粗蛋白质为 4 4 4 .3g/ kg,用 Beckman12 1型氨基酸分析仪测定 TD的 18种氨基酸含量 (32 2 .5 8g/ kg)占粗蛋白质含量的 72 .6 0 % ,10种必需氨基酸含量达 16 3.84 g/ kg。以90日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定 TD中的氨基酸真可利用率在 85 .0 7%～ 96 .0 1% ,真可利用赖氨酸、真可利用蛋氨酸、真可利用苏氨酸含量分别是 16 .6 ,9.7,12 .7g/ kg,分别是大豆饼 (18.8,4 .9,12 .4 g/ kg)含量的 0 .88,1.98,1.0 2倍。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡的理想蛋白质为模型 ,计算 TD的平衡性指数 ,结果表明 TD为家禽的良好蛋白源     

The Valuation of Nutrition Value in Available Amino Acid of Feed-corn on Poultry Feed

以凯氏定氮法测定“9409”饲用玉米的粗蛋白质为91.9g/kg。用Beckman121型氨基酸分析仪测定其18种氨基酸含量(88.3252g/kg)占粗蛋白质含量的96.11%,13种必需氨基酸含量为4.3731g/kg。以90日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定中的氨基酸真可利用率在84.65%-96.21%。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡理想蛋白质为模型,计算氨基酸平衡性指数,表明饲用玉米是家禽的良好蛋白源。     

中国对虾蛋白质的营养价值评价

为系统了解中国对虾蛋白质的营养价值,通过分析其基本营养成分含量及蛋白质的氨基酸组成,分别采用蛋白质氨基酸评分法、必需氨基酸化学评分法以及必需氨基酸指数法对其蛋白质的营养价值进行了评价.结果表明:中国对虾肉和对虾头的蛋白质含量丰富;组成中国对虾肉蛋白质的氨基酸(色氨酸除外)总量(以干重计,下同)为73.16 g/100 g,其中必需氨基酸总量为25.12 g/100 g,没有限制性氨基酸;组成对虾头蛋白质的氨基酸(色氨酸除外)总量为49.47 g/100 g,其中必需氨基酸总量为16.41 g/100 g,苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸为其限制性氨基酸.组成中国对虾肉和虾头蛋白质必需氨基酸化学评分最高的均是赖氨酸.中国对虾肉和虾头蛋白质的必需氨基酸指数分别为72.98%和68.37%.中国对虾蛋白质氨基酸组成平衡、合理,是高质量的蛋白质.     

liu3chao@tom.com

 以凯氏定氮法测定“9409”饲用玉米的粗蛋白质为91.9g/kg。用Beckman 121型氨基酸分析仪测定其18种氨基酸含量（88.3252g/kg）占粗蛋白质含量的96.11%，13种必需氨基酸含量为4.3731g/kg。以90日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定中的氨基酸真可利用率在84.65%~96.21%。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡理想蛋白质为模型，计算氨基酸平衡性指数，表明饲用玉米是家禽的良好蛋白源。     

聚合草根蛋白质氨基酸的测定与评价

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了聚合草[Symp H ytum pezegrinum L.]根的氨基酸含量,用国际上通用的营养评价方法对聚合草根进行了蛋白质营养价值评价.结果为,聚合草根蛋白质含量11.81%,氨基酸含量3.45%,其中必需氨基酸占39.5%.第一限制氨基酸是蛋氨酸.聚合草根蛋白质的化学评分(CS)、氨基酸评价(AAS)、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、生物价(BV)、营养指数(NI)和氨基酸比值系数(SRCAA)分别为41.9,42.5,74.3,69.3,8.77和55.24.聚合草根蛋白质的营养价值高于淮山药,低于马铃薯.呈味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸的42.03%.有较好的适口性和较高的开发利用价值.     

新型豆粕氨基酸营养价值的评定

用FOSS2300瑞士全自动凯氏定氮仪和德国氨基酸分析仪测定新型豆粕的粗蛋白质为453.092g/kg,18种氨基酸含量为327.65 g/kg,占粗蛋白质含量的72.31%,氨基酸的总消化率为79.31%。生长畜禽所需的10种必需氨基酸含量达163.36 g/kg,占18种氨基酸总量的49.86%,以70日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定其消化率为74%~90%。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡理想蛋白质为模型计算平衡性指数,表明新型豆粕为家禽的良好蛋白源。     

池养拉氏鱥含肉率及营养成分分析

为了解池养拉氏鱥肌肉营养特征,对其营养价值进行评价。用常规营养测定方法测定了池养拉氏鱥Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowskii(体质量45.34±12.69g)含肉率及营养成分。拉氏鱥含肉率为(74.26±0.31)%;肌肉(鲜样)中水分含量为(76.46±0.34)%、粗蛋白质含量为(17.88±0.63)%、粗脂肪含量为(3.95±0.05)%、灰分含量为(1.43±005)%;肌肉中18种必需氨基酸总量14.17%(鲜计),其中8种人体必需氨基酸含量为5.90%,占氨基酸总量的41.64%;肌肉中必需氨基酸构成符合FAO/WHO标准;限制性氨基酸为色氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(鸡蛋)为63.86,4种鲜味氨基酸含量为5.19%(鲜计),占氨基酸总量的36.62%。池养拉氏鱥含肉率、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量高,蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量丰富,肌肉品质好,是营养价值较高的经济鱼类。     

不同基质配比对盆栽辣椒生长及根腐病抗性的影响

为了探明博落回药渣作栽培基质对作物根腐病抗性的影响,研究以湘研14号辣椒为材料,将发酵腐熟后博落回药渣与不同基质配比后盆栽辣椒,并对辣椒产量、农艺性状及根腐病抗性进行调查分析。结果表明:T3处理(64%菜园土+16%育苗基质+10%博落回药渣+10%蚯蚓粪)株高和茎粗均最大,其初次结果数量也最多,而T1处理(64%菜园土+16%育苗基质+20%博落回药渣)病情指数和防治效果较好,产量则以T3处理最高,T2处理(64%菜园土+16%育苗基质+20%蚯蚓粪)次之,二者增产分别达到74.22%和67.81%。综合比较发现,64%菜园土+16%育苗基质+10%博落回药渣+10%蚯蚓粪混配基质栽培辣椒效果最好。     

濒危鱼类暗色唇鲮的肌肉营养品质评价

采用最新国家标准规定的方法测定了野生暗色唇鲮(Semilabeo obscurus)肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,并评价了其肌肉营养品质。结果显示:暗色唇鲮的肌肉中水分、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分的平均含量分别为77.95%、19.40%、0.895%和1.49%;从暗色唇鲮的肌肉中共检出17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为81.71%,其中必需氨基酸7种(总含量28.87%),半必需氨基酸2种(总含量6.44%),非必需氨基酸8种(总含量46.40%),鲜味氨基酸6种(总含量34. 91%),支链氨基酸3种(总含量12. 67%),芳香族氨基酸2种(总含量5.46%);其必需氨基酸含量组成基本符合FAO/WTO的理想蛋白质推荐值。依据氨基酸评分和化学评分结果,暗色唇鲮肌肉的第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,第二限制氨基酸为缬氨酸。其必需氨基酸指数为73.71。     

长臀鮠含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

为长臀鮠种质资源的开发利用提供依据,对长臀鮠含肉率及肌肉营养成分进行了测定.结果表明:长臀鮠含肉率为69.92%;肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量分别为17.89%、5.20%、1.10%;肌肉中17种常见氨基酸(除色氨酸)总含量(占肌肉干重)为79.18%.其中,必需氨基酸含量为33.04%,占氨基酸总量的46.14%.必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为0.72.鲜味氨基酸含量为29.59%,占氨基酸总量的37.37%.必需氨基酸指数(WH0/FAO标准为参照)为86.60.缬氨酸为第1限制性氨基酸,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸为第2限制性氨基酸.     

日粮粗蛋白质水平及添加尿素对肉鸡生产性能的影响

将288羽21日龄艾维茵肉鸡分为6组,设计16%,18%和20%粗蛋白质(CP)不同水平,及其分别添加1g/kg尿素(U)共构成6组日粮,随机分配给6组肉鸡,观测不同处理对肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)随日粮CP水平提高,肉鸡采食量下降,16%CP及16%CP+U组显著高于其他组(P<0.05);全期平均日增重以16%CP+U及18%CP组最高(P<0.05);全期料肉比以16%CP和18%CP+U组最高(P<0.05)。(2)随日粮CP水平提高,肉鸡腹脂率下降,20%CP及20%CP+U组显著低于其他组(P<0.05);胸肉率18%CP组显著高于16%CP,16%CP+U及20%CP+U组(P<0.05);添加尿素腹脂率趋于降低(P>0.05);20%CP+U组胸肉率显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)CP水平及添加尿素显著影响血清尿素氮(BUN)及血清总蛋白(BTP)。说明在本试验能量水平及氨基酸模式下,低蛋白质日粮(16%)加1g/kg尿素可使肉鸡获得较好的生产性能。     

肉鸡酵母水解物代谢能及氨基酸可利用率评定

【目的】 评定肉鸡对酵母水解物的表观代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率,拟为酵母水解物在肉鸡饲粮中的广泛应用提供基础参数。【方法】 选择18 d、体重无差异的科宝白羽肉仔鸡160只,随机分成对照组和试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只试验鸡,公母各半。对照组饲喂以玉米淀粉、葡萄糖、纤维、大豆油配制的无氮日粮,试验组饲喂以酵母水解物为唯一粗蛋白质来源的半纯合日粮,对照组和试验组均添加0.5%的二氧化钛作为外源指示剂。试验期间自由采食,全收粪法收集试验鸡22—24 d粪便,并统计该期间肉鸡采食量,通过检测日粮以及粪便中总能、含氮量来计算酵母水解物表观代谢能值和氮校正表观代谢能值。粪便收集完后自由采食,26日龄麻醉剖解收集回肠后半段食靡,分别检测日粮、回肠食糜中氨基酸及二氧化钛含量,计算酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率。【结果】 （1）酵母水解物总能值为18.19 MJ·kg ^-1,表观代谢能值为11.22 MJ·kg ^-1,氮校正表观代谢能为10.17 MJ·kg ^-1,其有效能值与普通豆粕相当。（2）酵母水解物粗蛋白质含量为41.7%,总氨基为36.97%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸之比为44﹕56,与普通豆粕接近;酵母水解物肉鸡限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Phe+Tyr、Val、His、Lys、Thr、Trp,与豆粕差异较大。（3）酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率均大于70%,肉鸡可利用限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Thr、Phe+Tyr、His、lys、Val、Trp,蛋氨酸、精氨酸为第一、第二限制性可利用氨基酸,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸为第三、第四限制性可利用氨基酸,苏氨酸可利用较差,为第五限制性可利用氨酸,酵母水解物限制性氨基酸与豆粕差异较大。【结论】 酵母水解物是一种蛋白饲料原料,其蛋白质含量、有效能值与豆粕相当,但其氨基酸组成及氨基酸可利用率与豆粕存在较大差异。因此,酵母水解物在肉鸡日粮中应用,需要考虑补充不同氨基酸或者搭配不同蛋白质饲料来平衡氨基酸的需要。     

Evaluation of Apparent Metabolic Energy,Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy,Biological Value of Protein and Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acid of Yeast Hydrolysate for Broilers

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent metabolic energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy, ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate in broilers, so as to provide the reference for the wide application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diets. 【Method】 A total of 160 Cobb white-feathered broilers at 18 days old with no difference in body weight were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. There were 8 replicates in each group, and 10 chickens with half male and half female were in each replicate. The control group was fed a nitrogen-free diet consisting of corn starch, glucose, fiber and soybean oil, and the experimental group was fed a semi-homozygous diet using yeast hydrolysate as the sole crude protein source. Furthermore, the control group and the experimental group were fed with 0.5% titanium dioxide, respectively, as an exogenous indicator. During the whole experiment, free feeding was available for broilers, feces were collected on 22-24 days using total fecal collection method, and the feed intake of broilers was counted. Further, the apparent metabolic energy of yeast hydrolysate and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy were calculated by measuring the total energy and nitrogen content in both diets and feces of broilers. After26 days of experiment, the latter half of ileum was dissected under anesthesia, the chime was taken out, and the contents of amino acids and titanium dioxide in both diet and ileal chyme were measured to calculate the apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate. 【Result】 (1) The total energy value of yeast hydrolysate was 18.19 MJ·kg ^-1, the apparent metabolic energy value was 11.22 MJ·kg ^-1, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy was 10.17 MJ·kg ^-1. Effective energy was equivalent to that of common soybean meal. (2) Crude protein content of yeast hydrolysate was 41.7%, and total amino acid was 36.97%. The ratio of essential amino acid to dispensable amino acid was 44:56, which was close to that of common soybean meal. The limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Phe+Tyr, Val, His, lys, Thr and Trp, which were different from soybean meal. (3) The ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate were all higher than 70%. The available limiting amino acids were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe+Tyr, His, Lys, Val, and Trp. Methionine and arginine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, and leucine and isoleucine were the third and the fourth limiting amino acids, respectively. Threonine was poorly available, and was regarded as the fifth restrictive available amino acid. In addition, the limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were quite different to soybean meal. 【Conclusion】 Yeast hydrolysate was a kind of protein feed material. Its protein content and effective energy value were similar to soybean meal, but its amino acid composition and availability were quite different to soybean meal. Therefore, in the application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diet, it was necessary to consider the need of supplementing different amino acids or mixing different protein feeds to balance amino acids.     

6个紫花苜蓿品种氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价

【目的】选择我国培育的中草3号、甘农1号、龙牧806、中苜2号、新疆大叶、公农1号等6个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,通过氨基酸组分的分析及含量的测定,综合评价紫花苜蓿蛋白质营养价值,为深入研究和开发利用我国紫花苜蓿资源提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,将不同品种紫花苜蓿分别种植于不同试验小区,小区面积为30 m ²,重复3次。试验样品为当年种植的第一茬于初花期刈割的苜蓿,每个小区随机选3行,刈割后105℃杀青20 min,65℃烘干48 h,粉碎过60目筛。采用盐酸水解法,使用氨基酸全自动分析仪测定17种氨基酸含量,分析不同氨基酸含量及组分。通过与FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱和FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准比较,通过计算紫花苜蓿必须氨基酸比值（RAA）、必须氨基酸比值系数（RC）、必须氨基酸比值系数分（SRC）和必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）,综合评价紫花苜蓿蛋白质的营养价值。【结果】我国培育的6个紫花苜蓿品种均含有被测的17种氨基酸。6个紫花苜蓿品种除天冬氨酸（Asp）、半胱氨酸（Cys）、脯氨酸（Pro）、鲜味氨基酸（F）的含量以及酸鲜甜氨基酸与苦味氨基酸比值（(S+F)/B）有显著差异外,其他氨基酸含量差异不显著;紫花苜蓿总氨基酸含量为14.85%—19.48%、必需氨基酸的含量为5.35%—6.93%、非必需氨基酸含量为9.50%—12.55%,其中新疆大叶紫花苜蓿总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和非必需氨基酸含量高于其他品种;紫花苜蓿含有9种药效氨基酸,药效氨基酸占总氨基酸的60%以上,甘农1号、新疆大叶和公农1号紫花苜蓿的药效氨基酸含量高于其他3个品种;紫花苜蓿酸鲜甜味氨基酸含量与苦味氨基酸含量比大于1.8。除了蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸含量低于FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱外,其他几种氨基酸含量均高于FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱。6个紫花苜蓿品种必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值（E/T值）在35%—36%之间,必须氨基酸与非必须氨基酸的比值（E/N值）在54%—57%之间,E/T值和E/N值均略低于FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准。6个紫花苜蓿品种的必须氨基酸比值系数分SRC值在73—77之间,必需氨基酸指数EAAI值均接近1。【结论】紫花苜蓿氨基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸含量较高。必需氨基酸齐全,相对均衡合理,接近人体氨基酸比例。口感好,营养价值高,为可食用优质蛋白源,并具有一定的药用价值。紫花苜蓿第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,作为蔬菜食用时建议搭配蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸含量高的食品作为互补,以提高其营养价值。     

Analysis of Amino Acid Composition and Six Native Alfalfa Cultivars

【Objective】 Six domestic alfalfa cultivars (Zhongcao No.3, Gannong No.1, Longmu No. 806, Zhongmu No.2, Xinjiang Big Leaf, Gongnong No.1) were used, amino acid content and the nutrition evaluation of alfalfa were studied, to provide the scientific basis for utilization and further research on native alfalfa germplasm resources or alfalfa resources development and utilization. 【Method】 Randomized block design with three replications was used. Different cultivars were planted in different experimental plot, the experimental plot area was 30 m ². The first year, first cut alfalfa which in the early flower stage were used. After 20 min heated at 105℃ and 48 h heated at 65℃, alfalfa were smashed to pass through a screen of 60 meshes. The samples were hydrolyzed by HCl and analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer. Amino acid constituents and contents were analyzed. Alfalfa essential amino acid composition were compared with FAO/WHO amino acid pattern spectrum and FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. Ratio of essential amino acid (RAA), ratio coefficient (RC), score of RC (SRC) or essential amino acid index (EAAI) were calculated to evaluate the nutritional value. 【Result】 All of six domestic alfalfa cultivars contained 17 amino acids, 7 essential amino acids and 9 medicinal amino acids. Except Asp, Cys, Pro, F and (S+F)/B were significant difference among six cultivars, other amino acids compositions had no significant differences. The content of total amino acids in alfalfa were ranged from 14.85% to 19.48%, essential amino acids were range from 5.35% to 6.93%, non-essential amino acids were range from 9.50% to 12.55%, medicinal amino acids was greater than 60%. The content of total amino acids, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were highest in Xinjiang Big Leaf alfalfa. The ratio of sweet and fresh taste to bitter taste amino acid was above 1.8. Only Met+Cys were lower than FAO/WHO amino acid pattern. E/T was ranged from 35% to 36% and E/N was ranged from 54% to 57%, which were a little lower than FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. SRC was ranged from 73 to 74, and EAAI of all alfalfa was closed to 1. 【Conclusion】 There were abundant species and high content amino acid in alfalfa. The essential amino acids were relatively balanced and reasonable. Alfalfa were good protein sources, which also has medicinal value. The first limiting amino acid was Met+Cys. When used as vegetables, it is recommended that something which has high content of Met+Cys were used as complementary food to improve their nutritional value.     

饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏原螯虾生长的影响研究

采用4×3双因子试验,探讨饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏原螯虾成活率、生长、饵料系数、肌肉氨基酸组成的影响。结果表明:饲料中的蛋白质和脂肪水平显著影响克氏原螯虾的增重率(833.67%～1091.38%)、饵料系数(1.53～1.96);在蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为28%和6%的饲料组中,虾的增重率、特定生长率最高,饵料系数最低,差异均显著(P<0.05);饲料中必需氨基酸随饲料蛋白水平提高而增加,克氏原螯虾肌肉中必需氨基酸呈先上升后下降的趋势。24%蛋白质和6%脂肪的饲料组的必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量最高,32%蛋白质和4%脂肪的饲料组最低,28%蛋白质和6%脂肪的饲料组中4种呈味氨基酸(Asp,Glu,Gly,Ala)含量均较高。建议克氏原螯虾人工饲料最适的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为24%～28%和6%。     

速溶茶渣饲用价值研究Ⅱ.饲喂生长育肥猪的消化代谢试验

为了更好地开发带溶茶渣这一新的饲料资源,分析了速溶茶渣的常规营养成分和氨基酸含量,并采用全粪套算法测定了生和育猪对速溶荷渣主要养分的消化率和代谢率。     

饲料中添加包膜氨基酸对异育银鲫生长和体成分的影响

分别进行了两个试验考察包膜氨基酸的作用效果。试验一以硬化油脂、明胶包膜赖氨酸、蛋氨酸，测定了其水中溶失率。结果表明，晶体赖氨酸、硬化油脂、明胶包膜赖氨酸的水中溶失率分别为57．0％、14．3％、21．3％；晶体蛋氨酸、硬化油脂、明胶包膜蛋氨酸的水中溶失率分别为87．7％、19．0％、28．0％，晶体氨基酸经硬化油脂、明胶包膜后，其水中溶失率极显著降低（P〈0．01）；试验二在鱼粉含量为9％的基础饲料（对照组）中分别添加晶体、硬化油脂包膜、明胶包膜的0．23％赖氨酸和0．09％蛋氨酸，饲养平均体重为2．48g的异育银鲫鱼种6周。结果表明，对照组、晶体氨基酸组、硬化油脂包膜氨基酸组、明胶包膜氨基酸组的鱼体增重率分别为169．8％、173．3％、201．4％、200．2％，添加晶体氨酸对异育银鲫的生长无改善（P〉0．10），但添加硬化油脂包膜或明胶包膜氨基酸试验组鱼体增重率为18．6％、17．9％（P〈0．05），饲料系数下降0．28、0．37（P〈0．05），显著促进了异育银鲫的生长。对肌肉营养成分的分析表明，不同处理鱼体肌肉在水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分组成方面无显著差异（P〉0．05）。上述研究表明，晶体氨基酸经硬化油脂、明胶包膜处理后，其水中溶失率显著降低，利用性显著提高，在低鱼粉饲料中添加后对异育银鲫具有显著的促生长作用。