用离子选择电极测定除草剂残留量

用离子选择电极测定除草剂残留量ＡＰ．ｐ，ЧЫГаНОЬ２，４－二氯苯酚或２－甲基－４－氯苯酚的衍生物是常用除草剂中的主要成分，众所周知的有２，４－Ｄ、２，４－Ｄ丁酸、２，４－Ｄ丙酸，２甲４氯丁酸、２甲４氯、２甲４氯丙酸等。这类除草剂的残留量通常用色谱...     

冬小麦田百草敌的单用技术

冬小麦田百草敌的单用技术郭栋儒（淮阴市植保站２２３００１）百草敌与２甲４氯混用防除小麦田阔叶杂草，在我省淮北冬小麦地区已应用多年，但因春季用药麦苗拔节的适期短和近年来２甲４氯价格的成倍上涨，在一定程度上影响了推广使用。而淮北地区的冬小麦播种期相对较早...     

淮北麦区使用2,4-滴丁酯值得注意的几个问题

淮北地区麦田阔叶杂草草相以猪殃殃、麦家公、繁缕、牛繁缕、荠菜、巢菜、播娘蒿、田旋花等为主。９０年代开始,大面积推广陶氏益农公司的使它隆２０％乳油、杜邦公司的巨星７５％干燥悬浮剂、诺华公司的百草敌４８％水剂单用或与国产７２％２甲４氯粉剂或２０％２甲４氯...     

被怀疑有干扰内分泌作用的农药及农药代谢物

杀虫、杀螨剂 :α -六六六、β-六六六、γ -六六六、δ -六六六、开蓬、毒杀芬、六氯苯、七氯、反式九氯、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、甲氧滴滴涕、灭蚁灵、Ｏ，Ｐ -ＤＤＥ、Ｐ，Ｐ -ＤＤＥ、Ｐ，Ｐ -ＤＤＤ、Ｏ，Ｐ -ＤＤＤ、Ｐ，Ｐ -ＤＤＴ、α -硫丹、β-硫丹、硫丹硫酸酯、环氧七氯、顺式氯丹、反式氯丹、氧化氯丹（氯丹代谢物）、甲萘威、涕灭威、马拉硫磷、对硫磷、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、三氯杀螨醇。除草剂 :２，４-Ｄ、２，４，５-Ｔ、五氯酚（ＰＣＰ)、西玛津、氟乐灵、杀草强、嗪草酮、除草醚、甲草胺。杀菌剂 :苯菌灵、…     

麦田禾草苗期形态区分及化除技术

麦田禾草苗期形态区分及化除技术薛光，张春芳（江苏省农科院植保所南京２１００１４）（江苏省东台市城东乡农科站）麦田长期施用２甲４氯、百草敌、苯达松、使它隆等防除阔叶草的除草剂之后，阔叶草下降，禾草的发生和危害加重。禾草在苗期与麦苗形态相似，正确区分看麦...     

新农药介绍

新农药介绍商品名称：快灭灵５０％干悬浮剂Ａｆｉｎｉｔｙ５０ＤＦ英文通用名：ｃａｒｆｅｎｔｒａｚｏｎｅ－ｅｔｈｙｌ分子式：Ｃ１５Ｈ１４Ｃ１２Ｆ３Ｎ３Ｏ３化学名称：乙基－２－氯－３－｛２－氯－４－氟－５－［４－（二氟甲基）－２,３－二氢－３－甲基－５－氧...     

2甲4氯·氯氟吡36%可湿性粉剂高效液相色谱分析

建立一种同时分析2甲4氯和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯的高效液相色谱法。采用反相高效液相色谱法,以甲醇、水和乙酸为流动相,使用ODS色谱柱和紫外检测器,在220nm波长下对试样中2甲4氯和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯进行液相色谱分离和定量分析。2甲4氯和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯的线性相关系数分别为0.999 1和0.999 0,标准偏差为0.026和0.032,变异系数为0.09%和0.53%,回收率为99.84%和99.63%。方法简便、快速、准确度高,可以满足2甲4氯和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯的定性和定量分析。     

豆磺隆使用技术的若干问题

豆磺隆使用技术的若干问题苏少泉，徐其忠，刘金玉（东北农业大学１５００３０）（沈阳军区后勤部农技站）豆磺隆（ｃｈｌｏｒｉｍｕｒｏｎ－ｅｔｈｙｌ）即２－［［（４－氯－６－甲氧基嘧啶－２）氨基］羰基］氨基］磺酰基）苯甲酸乙酯，是新开发的磺酰脲类除草剂新品种...     

豆黄隆对大豆生长发育影响的初步研究

豆黄隆对大豆生长发育影响的初步研究周景恺，苏少泉，王萍（东北农业大学１５００３０）豆黄隆（ｃｈｌｏｒｉｍｕｒｏｎ，－ｅｔｈｙｌ）［２－［［（４－氯－６－甲氧基嘧啶－２）氨基羰基］氨基磺酰基］苯甲酸乙酯］是近年来开发成功、用于大豆田防除阔叶杂草的磺酰脲...     

莎阔丹除草剂在稻田环境中的残留动态研究

研究了46%莎阔丹(40%灭草松+6%2甲4氯)水剂在稻田环境中的残留动态,建立了样品前处理方法和分析方法。莎阔丹在稻田水、土壤、鲜植株、糙米样品中的添加回收率均大于80%。在稻田水中灭草松的半衰期为0.6~1.3 d,2甲4氯的半衰期为0.9~1.3 d;土壤中灭草松半衰期为1.5~1.9 d,2甲4氯半衰期为4.3~6.9 d;在水稻鲜植株中灭草松半衰期为1.0~1.3 d,2甲4氯半衰期为2.4~2.6 d,降解较快。收获期土壤和水稻籽粒中灭草松和2甲4氯的残留量均低于各自MRL值。     

氮磷对海水处理下菊芋幼苗光合特性的影响

在盆栽条件下研究了氮磷对不同浓度海水浇灌处理菊芋幼苗生长发育及光合特性的影响。结果表明:①在同一N、P素水平下,10%海水处理菊芋幼苗地上部和根部鲜重较对照没有差异,甚至高于对照,但在25%及50%海水处理下菊芋幼苗地上部和根鲜重均降低。在同一浓度海水处理下,随着N素及P素含量的增加,菊芋幼苗地上部和根鲜重较对照均增加。各处理菊芋幼苗地上部和根干重变化与鲜重情况类似。②在N1(7.5 mm o l/L)及P1(1 mm o l/L)水平下,10%海水处理的净光合速率与对照无差异,但随着海水浓度的增加,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度和气孔限制值均降低。在同一海水浓度水平下,随着N、P素含量的增加,各处理菊芋幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值均增加(而且海水浓度越大,其效应越明显),对照和10%海水处理的菊芋幼苗水分利用效率随之降低,25%和50%海水处理下的菊芋幼苗水分利用效率随之增加。③在N1(7.5 mm o l/L)及P1(1 mm o l/L)水平下,10%海水处理幼苗细胞间隙CO2浓度与对照差异不大,但随着海水浓度的增加,细胞间隙CO2浓度显著增加,在同一海水水平下,随着N、P素的增加,各处理菊芋幼苗的细胞间隙CO2浓度均降低,表明施用N、P能显著缓解海水对菊芋幼苗生长发育及光合特性的抑制作用。     

Ultrastructure of the cyst of Hymenolepis diminuta larvae

Electron microscopical studies of the cyst of 1-month-old H. diminuta larvae revealed considerable thickening of the superficial syncytium of tegument and formation of a large number of cavities and canals. The cytoplasm of the tegument is filled with microtubules produced by cytons of parenchymal layer which are analogs of tonofibrils. These peculiarities, together with numerous processes of the external fibrous layer, are regarded as adaptative to the changes of the hydrostatic pressure of the hemocoel of the intermediate host. The superficial syncytium is covered with microvilli and keeps polycellular cytoplasmatic bonds with cytons, which ensures energetic and plastic requirements for the stabilization of the hypertrophied syncytium and its physiological regeneration. Accumulations of fibres identical with those of the connective tissue were found in the cytons of the tegument. The cyst parenchyma consists mostly of cells with widened canals of granular endoplasmic reticulum associated with the microfibrils and production of fibrous filaments. The internal fibrous layer is produced by typical fibroblasts. The tegument of the cercomer is thinner and is considered to be less differentiated.     

室内模拟条件下玉米秸秆的分解特征及物质组成变化

以玉米秸秆为材料,研究了在室内模拟的条件下不同处理的玉米秸秆的腐解率、粗纤维以及全钾含量的变化。结果表明,随着腐解时间的延长,各处理的腐解率不断增大,在其他条件一致的前提下,添加微生物的处理平均腐解率 大于未添加微生物的处理,秸秆长度为1 cm的处理平均腐解率大于秸秆长度为3 cm的处理;粗纤维含量的变化总体趋势是下降,其他条件一致的前提下,秸秆长度为1 cm的处理粗纤维含量小于秸秆长度为3 cm的处理,在添加物微生物的处理中秸秆长度为1 cm且C/N=25的处理粗纤维平均含量最小,其含量为31.57%;其他条件一致的前提下,秸秆长度为1 cm的处理全钾含量大于秸秆长度为3 cm的处理。     

阿特拉津标样的制备

本文提出了从商品阿特拉津中制备阿特拉津标样的方法,采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、高效液相色谱鉴定其纯度在９９．８％以上。     

Patterns of interaction between isolates of three pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and accessions of a range of host and nonhost legume species

Isolates of three pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae were tested against 10 legume species. Some isolates of all pathovars showed cultivar-specific interactions with at least one legume species outside the expected host range. Lablab purpureus and Phaseolus lunatus were found to be hosts to isolates of both P. syringae pv. glycinea and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, while Lathyrus latifolius was host to isolates of P. syringae pv. pisi and P. syringae pv. glycinea . Lens culinaris showed patterns of interaction with isolates of all three pathovars. Gene models based on mathematical estimates of minimum gene numbers agreed with those previously published for the interactions of P. syringae pv. pisi with Pisum sativum and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola with Phaseolus vulgaris. Two different gene-for-gene models based on five resistance/avirulence gene pairs were proposed to explain observed interactions between Glycine max and P. syringae pv . glycinea . Pathogen isolates which contained no known avirulences defined on their respective host species were found to carry cryptic avirulences recognized by other plant species. Estimates of minimum gene numbers required to explain the interactions of a plant species with all pathogen isolates or to explain the interactions of the isolates of one pathovar with all plant accessions were consistently lower than the sum of the minimum gene numbers required to explain the interactions of each individual component.     

Use of Mixture or Alternation of Fungicides with the Aim of Reducing the Risk of Appearance of Strains of Botrytis cinerea Resistant to Dicarboximides1

Results are reported for four experimental trials carried out against Botrytis cinerea on wine grapes in Piedmont (Northern Italy) during 1979 and 1980, using fungicides with different mechanisms of action, alternately or in mixture. Good effectiveness was obtained not only with the exclusive use of dicarboximide fungicides but also with alternated spray programmes, for example using benomyl or captafol or dichlofluanid for the first two sprays and the dicarboximides only for the last two sprays. It was possible to reduce the number of sprays with the dicarboximides to only one (at beginning of ripening), by, for example, alternating dichlofluanid, vinclozolin and benomyl. Good results were also obtained using half-rate mixtures of fungicides with different mechanisms of action, for example benomyl or dichlofluanid mixed with one of the dicarboximides. In this way the selection pressure exercised by the dicarboximides is decreased. Moreover, the cost of treatments is reduced owing to the lower price of benomyl, dichlofluanid and captafol and because these fungicides are effective not only against B. cinerea but also against powdery mildew (benomyl) or downy mildew (dichlofluanid and captafol).     

Histochemistry of gland cells of Eurytrema pancreaticum cercariae.

The cercariae of Eurytrema pancreaticum (Janson, 1889) possess four types of gland cells - proper cystogenic, penetration, ventral and dorsal gland cells. The secretion of ventral and dorsal gland cells is released into the tegument. The proper cystogenic gland cells are the largest and their contents serve for the formation of the cyst wall of metacercariae in the second intermediate host. The secretion of proper cystogenic gland cells contains besides neutral mucosubstances also acid mucosubstances with both carboxyl- and sulphogroups digestible with beta-glucuronidase. The secretion of penetration gland cells contains neutral mucosubstances and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SS groups. The ventral gland cells contain mostly acid mucosubstances with sulphogroups, which are digested with beta-glucuronidase, and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SH groups. The rudimentary dorsal gland cells contain a small amount of acid mucosubstances. The whole tegument of cercariae and the two main collecting canals of the excretory system exhibit a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The nerve ring and the main nerve truncs contain proteins with SH groups and hydrophilic lipids and exhibit a cholinesterase activity. The suckers contain a larger amount of glycogen.     

甘肃省黄芩根结线虫病病原种类鉴定

通过形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法对引起甘肃省陇西县黄芩根结线虫病的病原种类进行了鉴定,并采用室内人工接种的方法测定其对黄芩的致病性。结果表明,从黄芩根系分离的根结线虫其形态特征及测量值与北方根结线虫Meloidogyne hapla基本一致。该线虫种群rDNA-ITS和28S rDNA D2/D3序列与NCBI数据库中的北方根结线虫序列相似性分别为99.60%和99.74% (rDNA-ITS: JX024147; 28S rDNA D2/D3: MW288147)。贝叶斯系统发育树显示,该线虫群体与其他北方根结线虫群体聚为一支,置信度在95%以上。利用北方根结线虫特异性引物Mh-F/Mh-R扩增并测序得到457 bp的特异性片段。因此,基于形态学结合rDNA-ITS、28S rDNA D2/D3序列和特异性片段长度,将黄芩根结线虫病病原鉴定为北方根结线虫M.hapla。接种该线虫后的黄芩生长缓慢,叶片黄化,40 d后须根上有明显的根结。经分离鉴定,致病群体为北方根结线虫。综上所述,甘肃省陇西县黄芩根结线虫病病原为北方根结线虫M.hapla,该线虫对黄芩具有较强的致病性,其繁殖系数为1.997。     

环境因子对负水头供液下温室番茄耗液量影响的通径分析

采用Pearson相关分析法研究负水头供液下不同淋洗时间和淋洗量处理下温室番茄日耗液量与空气相对湿度、气温和太阳辐射强度等环境因子的相关关系,采用通径分析原理分析各环境因子对番茄日耗液量的直接作用和间接作用,并建立了多元回归模型。结果表明:番茄日耗液量与各环境因子均呈显著线性相关(P0.05),其中与日平均太阳辐射强度和日最高太阳辐射强度的正相关性最强;与日最高相对湿度的负相关最强。日平均太阳辐射强度是番茄日耗液量的主要决策因子,决策系数为45.7%,日有效积温是主要限制因子,决策系数为-459.6%。番茄日耗液量模拟值与实测值的回归系数平方值为0.965。建立的多元线性回归模型可较好地预测番茄日耗液量。     

文心兰病毒病病原鉴定

在云南省昆明市的文心兰栽培基地发现了具有病毒病典型症状的感病文心兰植株。感病样品在电镜下可观察到长460-500 nm的线状病毒粒体和长约300 nm的杆状病毒粒体中的一种或两种,分别与已报道的建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒粒体大小一致。感病样品可以和建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒血清中的一种或两种呈阳性反应。利用建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒的特异性引物,运用RT-PCR方法可以扩增到与引物设计预期大小一致的核酸条带。由此证明,云南文心兰病毒病的病原是建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒中的一种或两种。