保护地甜樱桃叶片蛋白质、磷素、钙素营养变化

<正>有关研究表明,温室栽培甜樱桃叶片随着蛋白质降解逐步衰老,叶片老化自9月上旬开始。矿质营养元素含量也在生长季不同发育阶段表现出各自的吸收特点。在营养不足、树势衰弱等条件下,造成提前落叶,出现二次开花和抽生新梢,消耗大量的营养,严重影响翌年的产量和效益。在树体生长发育过程中,氮、钙、磷均对花芽形成、果实发育及质量等起着重要作用[1~7]。笔者对温室甜樱桃叶片蛋白质、磷及钙营养含量的变化     

温度对南方地区甜樱桃开花结实影响的研究进展

我国南方地区甜樱桃引种栽培生产中存在坐果率低、落果严重、产量不稳、果实畸形等问题,严重影响了甜樱桃产业在南方地区的发展。从需冷量、甜樱桃花芽分化进程和速率、花芽分化后期胚发育、花芽分化质量与坐果等方面阐述了温度对南方地区引种甜樱桃开花结实的影响,并提出了南方地区引种甜樱桃提高坐果率的相应对策。认为今后可加强甜樱桃在不同生态条件下生长结果习性的研究,选育需冷量低的品种,优化配套栽培措施,以促进甜樱桃栽培的向南顺利发展。     

基于灰色聚类的新疆甜樱桃栽培气候区划探析

从甜樱桃适宜生长的气候条件出发,结合新疆特殊的气候与地缘优势,采用灰色定权聚类分析法对新疆地区目前的甜樱桃已栽培及未栽培地区进行气候区划分析,初步划分为3种区域,分别是甜樱桃的适宜栽培区、基本适宜栽培区、不适宜栽培区等3个类型区,为新疆地区引种栽培及规模化发展提供了理论依据。     

钙、镁缺乏对香蕉幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

为探讨钙、镁缺乏对香蕉幼苗生理生化指标及养分吸收、运输及分配的影响，以宝岛蕉幼苗为试验材料进行养分胁迫沙培试验。结果表明，叶片是对钙、镁胁迫发生响应最敏感的部位。钙胁迫先在新叶出现缺素症状，沿叶边缘出现枯斑；镁胁迫则先在下部叶片出现叶脉之间失绿黄化的症状。钙、镁缺乏不影响幼苗的茎粗和叶片数，但均会显著降低叶片叶绿素含量。缺钙抑制幼苗株高的生长。钙、镁缺乏均显著降低宝岛蕉幼苗的光合作用强度，钙胁迫下光合作用的限制因素是非气孔因素，而镁胁迫下光合作用同时受到气孔因素和非气孔因素的限制。钙、镁缺乏均抑制宝岛蕉幼苗全株的干物质积累量，缺镁处理的影响大于缺钙处理；钙、镁胁迫还改变了香蕉幼苗养分分配，缺钙抑制N、P、K向叶部运输，缺镁抑制K、Mg在茎部的积累，最终抑制宝岛蕉幼苗叶部和茎部的生长、促进根部的生长，导致根冠比增加。钙、镁缺乏均不利于香蕉幼苗对其他养分的吸收。香蕉栽培过程中，合理施用氮、磷、钾肥的同时要混合使用钙、镁肥才能获得高产。     

甜樱桃大棚安全生产栽培技术试验

甜樱桃对环境条件要求严格,冻害、裂果、鸟害等自然灾害或异常气候成为限制甜樱桃栽培区域及生产的严重障碍.甜樱桃大棚栽培有效防御了低温的危害、果实遇雨裂果及鸟害等,有效地扩大了甜樱桃的栽培区域,使生产安全.     

基质对甜樱桃根系生长发育影响的研究

甜樱桃(Cerasus avium L.)原产于欧洲黑海沿岸和亚洲西部地区,成熟早,营养丰富,已成为设施栽培的重要树种之一.甜樱桃对环境适应力较差,对肥水要求较高.目前,我国甜樱桃园广泛分布于山地、丘陵、砂砾滩地、平原,这些果园中相当一部分土层瘠薄,结构不良,有机质含量低,偏酸或偏碱,不利于果树的生长与结果,果实的产量和品质较差.前人建立樱桃园时强调改良土壤的理化性状,提高土壤肥力.同时,采取了一系列措施,如深翻熟化、增施有机肥、翻压绿肥及培泥与掺沙等,这些方法对土壤环境的改善有一定作用,但收效并不理想.近年来,随着设施栽培的兴起,对甜樱桃园土壤管理又提出了更高要求.本研究结合我国农业生产的实际情况,通过在园土中添加一些材料,如草炭、蛭石、炭化稻壳、炉灰渣、砾石等,进行人工混配,改变基质的理化性状和肥力条件,创造良好的微生物环境,为设施内限根栽培甜樱桃提供一条生产思路.     

保护地甜樱桃应用海洋生物肥试验

正我县甜樱桃栽培面积0.33万hm2,其中保护地栽培0.12万hm2,每666.7 m2收入5万元以上,经济效益高。但是由于连续扣棚多年,片面注重化肥施用,造成土壤酸化,部分果园出现缺素现象,果实品质下降。德州亿华海洋生物科技有限公司生产的双绿海洋生物有机肥,是一种在有机活性物质中添加钙、镁、硫等中微量元素肥,主要原料是海洋生物及残骸,如海草、贝壳、虾壳等和天然矿物质如棒棒土等,具有改良土壤和补充中微量元素的功效。为验证其在保护地甜樱桃上的     

温室甜樱桃采后叶片矿质营养含量变化

以‘红灯’和‘拉宾斯’甜樱桃品种为试材,研究日光温室甜樱桃采后叶片矿质营养变化。结果表明:不同品种叶片的矿质营养,除镁、锰等元素在叶片老化过程中变化不一致以外,其它元素含量的变化趋势基本一致,不同品种对矿质元素的需求量存在差异;钙素、锰素、锌素含量的升高及钾素、镁素、铁素含量的下降是导致叶片老化的原因之一。     

土施钙肥对甜樱桃果实品质的影响

探讨了土施不同钙肥对红灯甜樱桃裂果及果实品质的影响。结果表明,根部施用多肽螯合钙肥和硝酸钙镁肥使红灯甜樱桃果实单果重、可溶性固形物、果实Ca~(2+)浓度增加,裂果率降低。以多肽螯合钙对红灯品质的改善作用最明显,单果重增加18.4%,可溶性固形物增加8.7%,Ca~(2+)浓度提高了12.0%,裂果率降低至5.0%以下。因此,在生产中建议红灯甜樱桃花前施用多肽螯合钙肥,以增加果肉Ca~(2+)浓度,降低裂果率。     

甜樱桃设施栽培环境要求及调控技术

甜樱桃设施栽培具有使果实提早成熟、防止霜冻与裂果、调节果实供应期等优点,设施内的环境调控对甜樱桃设施栽培的产量和品质具有至关重要的作用。文章根据设施条件下甜樱桃的生长发育规律,分析总结了树体在萌芽期、花期及果实发育期对温度、湿度、光照、CO-----_2等环境因子的需求及调控技术措施,以期为甜樱桃设施栽培环境调控提供借鉴。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。