磁化处理后的解冻液对牛冷冻精液质量的影响

通过利用H-型强场磁化杯作固定磁场,对黑白花种公牛的解冻液进行不同时间的磁化处理.发现解冻液经过45min磁化处理后,可以提高解冻后黑白花种公牛精子的活率、延长精子的存活时间.     

微波法制备人工养殖鲟鱼皮复合氨基酸螯合锌工艺的研究

本试验采用微波螯合工艺,通过单因素和正交试验研究在不同复合氨基酸与锌的配位比、微波时间、微波功率及反应pH条件下人工养殖鲟鱼皮复合氨基酸螯合锌的制备工艺。结果表明,螯合的最佳工艺为:反应体系pH为8,微波功率为340W,微波时间为10min,氨基酸与七水硫酸锌配位比为2:1,在此条件下复合氨基酸螯合锌产量为0.6172g,螯合率达68.72%。同时,对复合氨基酸螯合锌进行了红外表征及紫外吸收测定,发现复合氨基酸螯合锌的最大紫外吸收波长为215nm。     

可溶性玉米须多糖的提取与纯化

本试验采用水提醇沉法提取玉米须多糖,在不同的煎煮时间、提取温度、水料比条件下,探索最佳提取条件。并用不同体积的乙醇沉淀多糖,得出最佳醇沉体积比。水提后的玉米须残渣用β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶酶解提取,比较用不同的酶量酶解条件下的最适提取条件,提取的粗多糖用三氯乙酸(TCA)法除多糖蛋白,用紫外扫描检验蛋白是否除尽。结果表明,玉米须多糖提取的最佳条件为:80min、80℃、18倍的水料比、2.5倍体积乙醇沉淀效果最佳;3%浓度的TCA溶液除蛋白质效果最好;通过紫外扫描检测纯化样品表明糖结合蛋白基本除尽。     

盐酸咪唑苯脲复乳制备条件的优化研究

为了优化盐酸咪唑苯脲复乳制剂的配方和乳化条件,首先通过单因素筛选试验,确定最佳油相和乳化剂的种类、浓度及油水比例、乳化条件确定初乳制备条件;再通过选择不同外水相乳化剂、外水相与初乳体积比、内水相稳定剂与用量以及乳化条件,确定复乳制备条件。结果表明,选择白油作为油相、10%的OP-10为乳化剂、油相和水相比例7∶3,乳化温度为40℃,乳化时间为3 min,乳化速度为10000 rpm时为制备乳剂的最佳条件;选择7%浓度的外水相乳化剂,外水相与初乳体积比为5∶5,选择10%明胶液稳定剂,采用25℃、1 min、4000 rpm的乳化条件制备的复乳制剂效果最佳,研究初步获得了盐酸咪唑苯脲复乳制剂配方和乳化条件。     

催化剂作用下电催化氧化法对酸性藏蓝染料废水脱色的研究

选取电催化氧化法,在催化剂作用下对酸性藏蓝染料废水的处理效果并考察在不同条件下对酸性藏蓝染料的脱色效果。试验结果表明,在槽电压为30V,初始曝氧量0.08m3/h时处理效果最佳。模拟初始浓度为40mg/L,初始COD值为1300mg/L的酸性藏蓝溶液经60min处理后,脱色率达84.8%。在电催化氧化作用下,酸性藏蓝的特征吸收峰强度逐渐减弱并基本消失,分子结构中的偶氮基团与芳香族结构的共轭体系被破坏,酸性藏蓝分子被有效降解。     

利用流式细胞术鉴定桑树染色体倍性的方法

利用流式细胞术可以快速、准确地鉴定植物染色体倍性,但需要针对不同植物样本的制备及具体操作对应用方法进行选择和优化。为了建立适合桑树染色体倍性快速鉴定的流式细胞术应用方法,以桑树幼叶为材料,比较以不同解离液及机械解离方法和不同离心漂洗次数制作样本用流式细胞术检测的效果,并用不同染色体倍性桑品种的幼叶为材料,以效果最佳的方法进行验证试验。优化的样本制备方案为:采集0.2 g桑树幼叶,置于预冷的平面玻璃上,加入Mg SO4解离液后,用双面刀片快速切碎,转移至培养皿中静置3~5 min,用300目细胞筛网过滤至1.5 m L离心管中,得到500μL单细胞核悬浮液,再加入PI溶液(最终质量浓度为50μg/m L)和RNase A溶液(最终质量浓度为30μg/m L),4℃避光环境下染色30 min,经300目细胞筛网过滤后用流式细胞仪检测。如果采集叶片后不能立即进行检测,可在-80℃下保存待测。试验结果还表明,用在-80℃保存10 d和40 d的冷冻幼叶与用新鲜幼叶制备的样本所得到的检测效果相似。初步建立的适合桑树染色体倍性鉴定的流式细胞术应用方法效果最佳,具有细胞碎片少、主峰清晰、杂峰少等优点。     

甘肃岷县七种不同等级地道药材的紫外光谱考察

用紫外光谱法对岷县地产的７种不同等级的药材进行了测试。实验结果表明不同等级的同一种药材，其紫外最大吸收峰位值相同，紫外吸收强度似无显著性差异。     

响应面法优化玉米须中芦丁的提取工艺及检测

为探讨玉米（Zea mays）须中芦丁提取工艺和检测条件,本试验选取乙醇体积分数、液料比、回流时间和超声时间4个因素,采用响应面法优化玉米须中芦丁的提取工艺,并将最佳工艺条件提取的芦丁样品进行紫外光谱和红外光谱测定。结果表明,玉米须中芦丁的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数49%、液料比30 mL∶1 g、回流时间1.7 h以及超声时间36 min。在该工艺条件下,玉米须芦丁含量为12.152 mg·g-1,且经紫外、红外光谱测定,其主要官能团吸收峰显著,HPLC检测重现性好。说明该工艺对玉米须中芦丁的提取优化效果显著,为玉米须深层次研究提供了一定参考。     

简易冷冻装置制备鸡甘油细管冻精的优化

为优化简易装置制备鸡精液甘油细管冻精的条件,采用11%的甘油浓度、不同的熏蒸方式和熏蒸时长等条件制作细管冻精,通过测定精子活力及人工输精后的孵化效果筛选冷冻、解冻条件。结果表明:先以-15^-6℃/min的速率熏蒸1~5min后,再以-60^-25℃/min的速率熏蒸1~5min(两步均1min除外)冷冻效果最好,解冻后活力达0.8以上;以5℃的温度解冻30~60s和10℃的温度解冻15~60s的解冻效果最佳;用优化的冷冻程序、6%浓度甘油制作细管冻精,最高平均获得了77.63%的受精率和73.38%的出苗率。研究结果为鸡精液简易装置冷冻保存技术的系统化和标准化研究提供了技术支撑。     

磁场对低温保存牛精液的影响

将５ｍＬ稀释后的新鲜精液分为５组，每组１ｍＬ。取其中１组作为对照组，不经磁场处理，其余４组分别放入磁化杯磁化２ｈ、５ｈ、２４ｈ和一直磁化，５组均放在冰箱０－５℃的环境中保存。对其精子活率、顶体完整率和精子存活时间进行分析，试验重复１５次。结果表明，精液经过磁化可以提高活率，并且延长了存活时间，尤以磁化５ｈ效果最明显，其存活指数比对照组提高了２３．７％，差异显著。磁场能使精液的顶体完善率下降，且随着     

多花木蓝种子硬实与萌发特性研究

通过不同方法对多花木蓝种子进行处理,测定了吸水率、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。结果表明,不同处理对提高多花木蓝发芽率的效果差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。采用98%浓硫酸浸种时间分别为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10 min处理中,以6 min处理效果最好,发芽率达95%;采用60℃热水浸种时间分别为5、10、15、20、25、30、35 min处理中,以25 min处理的效果最好,发芽率为71.6%。     

The survival of Sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts following exposure to various chemical and physical agents.

Using in vitro excystation as a measure of viability, it was found that at 4 degrees C Sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts survived considerably better in tap water (85% excystation after 174 days) than in either 2.5% potassium dichromate (15% excystation after 174 days) or 2% sulphuric acid (0% excystation after 5 days). Although they were able to resist 48 h suspension at room temperature in most laboratory reagents and disinfectants tested, six (sulphuric acid, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, Medol) had substantial sporocysticidal properties. Further investigation with three of these showed that sporocyst excystation was reduced from 65% to less than 10% following contact with 2.5% sulphuric acid for 1 h or with 2% ammonia or 4% Medol for 4 h. Sporocysts were either killed or had their ability to excyst severely impaired by heating to 60 degrees C and 55 degrees C for 5 and 60 min, respectively, by exposure to ultraviolet radiation at a dose of 4000 ET, or by prolonged storage in water at 24 degrees C. Sporocysts exposed to either constant or intermittent freezing at -18 degrees C suffered a comparatively slow decline in excystation rate with time, as did those subjected to desiccation. The duration of survival of desiccated sporocysts was inversely related to relative humidity and after 245 days at 33% relative humidity and temperatures of 15 degrees C or 24 degrees C, 60% of such sporocysts excysted.     

Effect of immersion fluid temperature on the chicken embryo in teratogenicity tests: short communication

The influence of immersion fluid temperature on the development of the chicken embryo was studied on the day most commonly used for treating incubated eggs in teratological trials. Embryonated eggs were immersed in tap water for 30 min on the 12th day of incubation at 22-25 degrees C or at incubation temperature without a waiting time or after 30 min. The incubation was then continued and the eggs were processed on day 19 of the incubation period. Treatment of eggs at 22-25 degrees C caused a significant increase in embryonic mortality, while the 30-min waiting time did not exert an influence on embryogenesis.     

再生水、自来水混合灌溉及保水剂施用对饲用甜高粱产草量及品质的影响

在鄂尔多斯地区,对饲用甜高粱(Sorghum dochna)进行再生水和自来水混合灌溉试验,同时研究在灌水量75%和50%的条件下施用保水剂(30kg·hm-2)的影响。通过测定饲用甜高粱的产草量及粗蛋白质含量、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量、可溶性糖含量,确定再生水、自来水混合灌溉的适宜比例和灌水量。结果表明,正常灌水量75%(+保水剂)下,与纯自来水灌溉处理相比,再生水和自来水以2∶1混合灌溉处理的干草产量(26.89t·hm-2)提高了39.68%,1∶1混合灌溉处理的粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别提高了9.7%和12.9%,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别降低了4.8%和7.3%。     

不同诱变处理对苜蓿叶片细胞显微和超微结构的影响

研究⁶⁰Co-γ射线、紫外线、零磁空间和EMS诱变处理下苜蓿SP1代叶片细胞显微、超微结构的变化,筛选最优诱变处理,选育适合高寒地区种植的苜蓿新品系或品种。以公农1号、Wega7F、WL319HQ、敖汉4个苜蓿品种试验材料,设置⁶⁰Co-γ射线150、300、450 Gy射线强度,紫外线30、60、90 min照射时间,甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS) 0.1%、0.2%、0.4% (v/v) 溶液浓度,零磁空间处理180 d;测定苜蓿叶片细胞显微和超微结构。不同诱变处理后4个苜蓿品种叶片厚度均不同程度增加,其中公农1号EMS 0.4% (v/v)浓度下,叶片厚度最大,为446.16 μm,增厚幅度达到25.86%,同时诱变降低了叶脉突起程度;公农1号⁶⁰CO-γ辐射和紫外线处理细胞结构疏松度均高于对照,诱变后Wega7F细胞结构紧密度升高;EMS处理下海绵组织厚度均降低;低剂量诱变处理下[150 Gy ⁶⁰Co-γ,30 min紫外线,0.1% (v/v) EMS],细胞叶绿体出现变形、基粒片层松散、类囊体解体、脂质球增多等现象,高剂量处理[450 Gy ⁶⁰Co-γ,90 min紫外线,0.4% (v/v) EMS]和零磁空间处理下,叶绿体膜会有部分模糊或解体,基粒片层膨胀或模糊、基粒垛叠程度变化随诱变处理种类增加或降低。4种苜蓿品种的叶片厚度诱变后叶片厚度均增加。在一定梯度范围内,⁶⁰CO-γ射线和EMS诱变效率较高,突变体材料丰富,操作简单,适宜诱变育种的实际操作;150 Gy, ⁶⁰Co-γ射线、60 min紫外线、0.4%浓度EMS处理为苜蓿正向变异处理,有利于筛选有益诱变突变体。     

Analysis and effect of water sources used as diluents on Newcastle disease vaccine efficacy in chickens in the Sudan

Samples of artesian well, shallow well, surface water, tap water, and bottled water were collected from different areas in Khartoum; these were chemically analyzed and used as diluents to vaccinate chicks against Newcastle disease. Immune response in vaccinated chicks, as measured by the hemagglutination inhibition test, was significantly better in birds which received the vaccine diluted in bottled water followed by those vaccinated using tap water. It appears that water with low turbidity and total dissolved solids were the best water for vaccine dilution. The order of preference of water source, according to this study was bottled water, tap water, shallow well water, artesian well water, and finally surface water.     

酸化饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响

 通过在饮水中添加不同量的复合酸,研究不同pH饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响。40只体重相近的35日龄美系白色断奶獭兔按公母各半随机分为4组,每组10只,A组为对照组,饮用自来水;B组饮水中添加0.55%复合酸,pH 5.0;C组饮水中添加0.85%复合酸,pH 4.3;D组饮水中添加3.3%复合酸,饮水pH 3.6。结果表明,与对照组相比,pH 4.3饮水能显著增加脾脏重和脾脏指数（P<0.05）;酸化饮水能提高断奶獭兔其他内脏器官重,改善内脏器官指数,但和对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。酸化饮水可以改善断奶獭兔肠道形态,增加绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度,饮水酸度pH 4.3时可显著增加十二指肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,并降低空肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;饮水酸度pH 3.6时可显著降低回肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;酸化饮水对空肠、回肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度和肠壁厚度也有一定改善,以pH 4.3饮水酸度改善最好,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果显示,酸化饮水可以在一定程度上改善断奶獭兔内脏器官发育和肠道形态,其中以pH 4.3改善效果最好。     

冷冻速率和解冻温度对猪精液冷冻效果的影响

为优化冷冻和解冻方法,提高冷冻效果,本试验比较了不同冷冻速率(-100 ℃ 10 min、-120 ℃ 10 min、-140 ℃ 10 min)和不同解冻温度(37 ℃ 30 s、45 ℃ 30 s、52 ℃ 30 s、60 ℃ 30 s)对猪精液冷冻效果的影响。结果表明,采用-120 ℃熏蒸10 min,解冻后精子活力为0.36,质膜完整率和顶体完整率也优于其他2组,且差异显著(P<0.05)。采用37 ℃ 30 s方法解冻,精子活力、质膜完整率显著高于其他3组,顶体完整率也高于其他3组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),其畸形率最低和60 ℃ 30 s组差异明显(P<0.05),但与45 ℃ 30 s组和52 ℃ 30 s组差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,采用-120 ℃平衡10 min冷冻,37 ℃ 30 s水浴解冻方法更为适合0.25 mL细管猪冻精解冻。     

Gastrointestinal transit of solid radiopaque markers in large and giant breed growing dogs

Observations on food tolerance in dogs have shown that some breeds, especially the giant breeds, have a greater digestive sensitivity. One of the consequences common in these breeds is a higher faecal water content and a poor faecal quality. This could be explained, at least in part, by limited digestive capacity and function in giant breed dogs. In this report, the gastric emptying that represents one parameter of the digestive function was studied in large and giant breed dogs during their growth. Six Great Danes (GD) and six Giant Schnauzers (GS) were fed small radiopaque markers mixed with a test diet at 12, 22 and 36 weeks of age. Abdominal radiographs were made every 30 min for a period of 4 h and then hourly until 12 h. At 12 weeks of age, the gastric emptying pattern was similar in both breeds. However, from 22 weeks of age, the gastric emptying of the GD was significantly more rapid than that of GS. The gastric emptying of small markers tended to slow down in growing dogs, especially in GS. A significant positive correlation between the gastric emptying time of 50% of markers and the body weight was found. These results show that GD have a lower gastric retention time of foods, which could lead to a poor digestion and an altered absorption of nutrients. These could explained why digestive function and sensitivity could be different in dogs from different sizes and breeds.     

金黄口服液提取工艺的优化

为获得金黄口服液的最佳提取条件,本试验通过UV法测定不同提取条件下取得的复方口服液中盐酸小檗碱的含量,选取含量最高的提取条件作为最佳提取条件。在波长350 nm处,盐酸小檗碱在浓度为1.5625～25 μg/mL范围内,线性关系良好,回归方程为y=0.1493x+0.0583,R²=0.9996;口服液最佳提取条件为：浸泡45 min、加10倍量的水、煎煮45 min、共煎煮3次;结合实际生产和成本因素,确定中药复方水提工艺为：浸泡30 min、加10倍量的水、煎煮30 min、共煎煮3次,均接近正交方案中的最高值。