猪气喘病的净化——猪支原体肺炎的研究进展

猪气喘病是由猪肺炎支原体引起的一种传染病。临床特征以咳嗽、气喘、呼吸困难为主，死亡率虽然低，但感染率很高，感染猪发育迟缓，生产速度减慢，加上药费的增加，给猪场造成严重的经济损失，所以净化该病就成了养猪企业一直关心的问题。本期主题将重点向读者介绍一下猪气喘病的净化措施。[编者按]     

猪支原体肺炎疫苗研究进展

猪支原体肺炎是造成养猪业经济损失最大的传染病之一,严重危害养猪业健康发展。疫苗免疫防制该病极为关键。本文就该病在疫苗方面的研究进展展开综述,为有效防控该病提供参考。     

猪支原体肺炎疫苗研究进展

猪肺炎支原体是引起猪支原体肺炎的病原,该病呈世界性流行,死亡率虽然不高,但由于长期性和消耗性的流行,使饲料转化率降低,并引起猪的多种并发病,是造成养猪业经济损失最重要的疾病之一.目前疫苗免疫是预防猪支原体肺炎和减少经济损失最有效的手段之一,猪支原体肺炎疫苗主要有灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗.这些疫苗已得到广泛的应用,并在临床上...     

猪支原体肺炎诊断方法研究进展

猪支原体肺炎（Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine,MPS）是由猪肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp）引起的猪的一种高发病率、低死亡率的慢性呼吸道传染病,在我国常被称为猪气喘病。建立可靠实用的MPS诊断技术,以便控制和预防该病已成为目前猪病防治的重要研究内容。本文就猪支原体肺炎的诊断方法做了综合性论述。     

规模化猪场猪支原体肺炎控制及净化技术研究

在四川蒲江某规模化８养猪场 ,对该场的猪支原体肺炎采用以监测、免疫为主,隔离、治 疗、淘汰、消毒等综合防制技术进行控制与净化,对全场有猪支原体肺炎症状的猪及可疑病猪进行隔治疗,治愈后的猪经与易感猪同居感染不发病,分离猪肺炎支原体为阴性,试验表明治愈后的猪不带菌。对全场种猪和后备健康猪群进行猪支原体肺炎疫苗的免疫接种,经抗体监测和攻毒试验,免疫后２４０天猪支原体肺炎的ＩＨＡ抗体仍可达到１：１０,保护率     

猪支原体肺炎控制和净化评价方法研究进展

简述了猪支原体肺炎各种防控措施的常规评价指标,包括临床症状和发病率的降低、肺部肉变的评分、血清抗体滴度的变化及肺炎支原体病原监测等,介绍了体液免疫和黏膜免疫评价指标分别在猪支原体肺炎灭活疫苗和弱毒活疫苗免疫效力评价中的作用,并对气溶胶中猪肺炎支原体的检测成为猪支原体肺炎防控和净化评价的主要方法之一的可能性进行了论述。     

药物在猪肺炎支原体净化中的应用

猪支原体肺炎(猪气喘病)是由猪肺炎支原体引起的一种严重危害全球养猪业生产的传染病之一。到目前为止,控制该病最有效的方法就是彻底的净化病原。制定一个合理的用药方案是净化成功与否的关键。本文就猪肺炎支原体敏感药物做一介绍,并列举了国外不同净化程序的不同给药方案,为国内猪气喘病净化提供依据。     

猪支原体肺炎疫苗应用现状与研究进展

猪支原体肺炎是造成养猪业经济损失最大的传染病之一,严重危害养猪业健康发展。疫苗免疫防治该病极为关键。本文就该病在疫苗方面的应用现状与研究进展展开综述,为有效防控该病提供参考。     

工厂化种猪场支原体肺炎净化技术初探

工厂化种猪场支原体肺炎净化技术初探邓章明（四川穗屏饲料有限公司，温江６１１１３０）猪支原体肺炎（喘气病）是由肺炎支原体引起的一种接触性、慢性呼吸道传染病。以咳嗽、喘气、生长迟缓为特征。典型病变是双侧肺叶对称性实变或“胰变”。为了保证工厂化种猪场高密度...     

猪肺炎支原体的研究进展

猪支原体肺炎是一直困扰养猪业发展的重要疾病之一。本文综合国内外对其病原一猪肺炎支原体的最新研究情况，从其对猪生长性能的影响、防治动向、检测、主要抗原的研究、基因工程疫苗研制等五个方面进行讨论。     

Immunological characterization of peripheral blood leukocytes using vaccine for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) in swine line selected for resistance to MPS

This study was conducted to evaluate immunological changes in peripheral blood leukocytes in pigs that were genetically selected for their improved resistance to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS), using MPS vaccine as an antigen. Twelve castrated MPS‐selected Landrace pigs were compared with the same number of pigs from a nonselected line by using a time‐course analysis at the hematological level. After the second sensitization with MPS vaccine, the percentages of B cells, CD4⁺ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in total leukocytes were lower in the selected line than in the nonselected line, whereas the percentage of granulocytes in total leukocytes increased in the MPS‐selected line. We also assessed the proliferative ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A, and found that although the proliferative ability of the PBMC was not different between the two lines at a steady state, the nonselected line showed a significantly higher proliferative ability after sensitization with MPS vaccine than the selected line regardless of antigens used. These results thus indicate that the selection of pigs on the basis of MPS resistance changes their immunophenotype, and would give us beneficial information for the prevention of MPS infection.     

几种佐剂对肌肉注射猪支原体肺炎活疫苗免疫刺激能力的增强作用研究

为增强现有猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的免疫刺激能力以实现肌肉注射免疫,向现有活疫苗中添加几种不同佐剂,考察其经肌肉免疫后机体的免疫应答情况。结果表明,免疫刺激复合物基质佐剂和左旋咪唑+壳聚糖混合佐剂能有效激发细胞免疫应答和体液免疫应答;左旋咪唑+黄芪多糖混合佐剂能增强疫苗的细胞免疫刺激能力,而对体液免疫无作用;皂角素佐剂未显示明显的免疫增强效果。本试验结果为肌肉注射猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的开发奠定了数据基础。     

Genetic selection for resistance to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) in the Landrace line influences the expression of soluble factors in blood after MPS vaccine sensitization

We recently developed a Landrace line that is resistant to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) infection by genetic selection for five generations, and we reported that the immunophenotype of this line is different from that of the non‐selected line in terms of changes in peripheral blood leukocyte population after MPS vaccination. This study followed up previous findings demonstrating changes in soluble factors in blood, namely, hormones, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), and cytokines. These two lines were injected with MPS vaccine on days ?7 and 0 after blood sampling on those days, and blood samples were collected on days ?14, ?7, 0, 2, 7 and 14. We found changes in the levels of many hormones and cytokines in both lines. However, we found that only growth hormone (GH) and interferon (IFN)‐γ levels were statistically different between these two lines. GH concentration was reduced (day 0) and IFN‐γ concentration was increased (day 14) in the MPS‐selected line compared with the non‐selected line, despite unchanged IFN‐γ messenger RNA expression in blood cells. Although detailed mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain unsolved, these traits would be useful to improve MPS resistance in pig production and provide an insight into MPS infection.     

延胡索酸泰妙菌素对猪支原体肺炎的临床疗效实验

为了研究延胡索酸泰妙菌素对猪支原体肺炎的临床疗效,选用体重90 kg左右的2月龄健康杜洛克长白杂交猪,通过建立疾病模型和疗效评价指标判别延胡索酸泰妙菌素的治疗效果。结果表明,按1000 kg饲料添加100 g或200 g延胡索酸泰妙菌素,可以显著减轻感染猪的临床症状和病理变化,提高猪的增重,其效果优于磷酸泰乐菌素预混剂。     

阿奇霉素不同途径给药治疗仔猪支原体肺炎的效果比较

探讨阿奇霉素不同途径给药对姜曲海仔猪支原体肺炎治疗效果的影响。将90只病猪随机均分为5组,即感染对照组、阿奇霉素混饲组、肌肉注射组、雾化给药组和静脉注射组,并设有健康对照组,试验前后自由饮食。结果表明,各治疗组的治愈率高于感染对照组(P<0.05),且以雾化给药方式的治疗效果最好,而肌肉注射组和静脉注射的不良反应率最高,与其他组差异显著(P<0.05);各治疗组平均日增重显著高于感染对照组(P<0.05),其中雾化给药最高,相对增重率达93%。试验证明,阿奇霉素雾化给药对姜曲海仔猪支原体肺炎治疗效果显著,高于其他给药方式。     

猪杂交改良研究进展

杂交改良技术是猪生产上为了提高繁殖力、经济价值等的一种常用的生产技术。猪的杂交改良技术就是通过不同品种间杂交来获得具有更优性状后代的方法。文章围绕猪杂交方法、低产猪杂交改良效果、发酵饲料对杂交猪的影响以及猪杂交改良存在的问题和杂交改良新方法等进行阐述,以期为猪的杂交改良与实际应用提供参考,促进养猪业发展。     

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions in Large White pigs selected for higher peripheral blood immune capacity

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions were compared between the immunity‐selected Large White line and the non‐selected Large White line. The selected Large White line showed a higher level of pulmonary MPS lesions compared with the non‐selected Large White line. Subsequent to vaccination, the percentage of natural killer cells and T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8^‐ and CD3⁺CD4^?CD8⁺ T cells) were significantly increased in the non‐selected line but remained unchanged in the immunity‐selected Large White line. Secretion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine‐specific immunoblogulin G and phagocyte activity in peripheral blood were significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐6 messenger RNA in hilar lymph nodes was significantly lower in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. However, expression of IL‐10 in all immune tissues was significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line. These results suggest that the selection for high immunity was not effective in increasing resistance to MPS lung lesions.     

以疫苗免疫为核心的猪气喘病控制与净化技术

猪气喘病的控制和净化已成为养猪产业急需解决的难题,本文简述了国外的研究动态,提出控制和净化技术须从种猪、环境、疫苗和药物四个层次依次着手,介绍了常用的药物组合和用药策略,肯定了灭活疫苗的明显效果,报告了活疫苗(168株)在突破母源抗体,占位效应和刺激粘膜免疫和细胞免疫的显著作用,提出我国从龙头企业核心种猪场实施净化猪气喘病的可行思路,并提出具体的建议措施。     

桑杏平喘颗粒对大鼠部分生化指标的影响

本试验旨在了解桑杏平喘颗粒的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选用健康Wistar大白鼠80只,随机分成4组(1个对照组和3个试验组),每组20只,雌雄各半,对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组分别以桑杏平喘颗粒煎剂,相当于原药材3、15、30 g/kg体重灌胃给药,连续给药30 d,在给药10、20、30 d采血,测定血清中部分生化功能指标。试验结果表明,桑杏平喘颗粒对大鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏功能的影响较小,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中药制剂。     

非洲猪瘟疫苗研究进展

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起的家猪和野猪的急性、出血性传染病,强毒株感染猪的致死率接近100%,给养猪业造成巨大经济损失。ASFV在猪群中可以快速有效传播,在环境中可稳定存在,为ASF的防控带来了挑战。研究人员一直致力于ASF疫苗的研究,迄今为止,仍没有有效的疫苗投入市场。综述了ASF灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗的研究情况,以期为ASF疫苗的有效研发提供参考。