紫外光B辐射增强对小白菜膜脂质过氧化作用的影响

小白菜品种矮脚黄生长在光照培养室内,在以０．０、１３．０ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１（模拟氧浓度下降２０％时的ＵＶ－Ｂ强度）的紫外光Ｂ（ＵＶ－Ｂ２８０－３２０ｎｍ）进行４ｄ与７ｄ的照射处理,研究ＵＶ－Ｂ对小白菜叶片内的类黄酮和膜脂质过氧化作用的影响。研究结果表明,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射诱导了小白菜叶内吸收ＵＶ的类黄酮化合物的积累。同时ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射降低小白菜叶片内抗坏血酸的含量,１３．０ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１的ＵＶ－Ｂ     

春小麦蒸发蒸腾的调控

春小麦蒸发蒸腾受环境条件,土壤水分状况和小麦叶片气孔的综合调控。甘肃河西地区辐射强列,与春小麦蒸发蒸腾具有高度相关性（ｒ〉０．９５）,决定了该地区作物的高耗水特性。土壤水分条件在水势为－０．０１－－０．１ＭＰａ时,春小麦蒸发蒸腾受气象条件影响和小麦叶片气孔调节的作用较大;当土壤水势降至－０．３－－１．５ＭＰａ时,叶片气孔开始关闭,太阳辐射对春小麦蒸发蒸腾的作用明显减弱（相关系数ｒ〈０．３１）。土壤     

水稻缺镁黄叶症的诊断与矫治

通过田间实地调查、大田试验和水培试验，研究水稻缺镁黄叶症的发病条件，诊断指标和矫治措施。结果表明，山区和丘陵河谷地带的山麓、溪流两岸的泥砂土是主要的缺镁土壤类型；水稻缺镁症状的主要特征是，下位叶脉间失绿形成黄绿相间的条纹；植株（叶片）诊断临界值是０．１２％，适宜含量是０．２％￣０．８５％；施用镁肥能有效矫治水稻缺镁黄叶症，镁肥的适宜用量是施纯镁１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，品种以钙镁磷肥和硫酸镁为最适宜。     

小麦品种（系）抗赤霉病性的遗传动态及其在育种上应用

小麦品种对小麦赤霉病（ＧｉｂｂｅｒｅｌｌａＺｅａｅ（Ｓｃｈｗ）Ｓａｃｃ）抗性的表现,是基因型和环境作用的结果,我国众多抗赤霉病品种都与瑞梯（Ｒｉｅｔｉ）有关千丝万缕的联系,小麦品种抗病性越强,其传递给后代的能力越大,在抗病机理上抗侵入兼抗扩展型品种,其抗性遗传力大于单抗侵入或单抗扩展品种,花药残留率（０．７７１６－０．８０３６＾＊＊）小穗密度（０．８６０６＾＊＊－０．６８８９＾＊）剑叶厚度（－０．     

用反相高压液相色谱法对不同品种胡萝卜中β—胡萝卜素含量的测定

应用反相高压液相色谱法（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ），经Ｎｏｖａ－ＰａｋＣ１８柱进行梯度洗脱，在４５４ｎｍ处检测，测定２９个不品种胡萝卜中β－胡萝卜素含量，其部平均值为３．５６ｍｇ．１００ｇ＾－１。英国品种Ｎａｎｔｕｒａ含量最高６．９２ｍｇ．１００ｇ＾１；４个品种中有２个品种β－胡罗卜含量超过６．０ｍｇ．１００ｇ＾－１，接近总平均值的２倍。中国和法国的品种β－胡罗卜素的含量相对较低，中国４个品种的总平均仅为测     

转Bt基因棉Bt毒蛋白的ELISA检测方法的研究(英文)

利用纯化的Ｂｔ毒素蛋白（６７ｋＤａ）作为标准蛋白和免疫抗原,建立了检测转基因抗虫棉植株内Ｂｔ毒蛋白含量的抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。检测极限１μｇ·Ｌ－ １,线性范围１－ １５μｇ·Ｌ－ １,板内误差Ｃ．Ｖ．＜ ５％ ,板间误差Ｃ．Ｖ．＜ ５％ ,平均样品回收率９４．９４％ 。经稀释度试验等质量控制试验,表明所建立的ＥＬＩＳＡ方法是可靠的,可用于转基因棉花植株中Ｂｔ毒素蛋白含量的测定。     

小麦穗层整齐度的遗传研究

通过对２０个小麦品种（系）两年的试验研究，明确了小麦穗层整齐度是一个遗传性状。该性状在品种（系）间存在明显的遗传变异，ｇｃｖ＝１１．９９％；遗传力较高，ｈＢ＾２＝８２．５％。穗层整齐度与产量呈弱正相关，遗传相关系数ｒｇ＝０．３７８１；与株高呈极显著正相关，遗传相关系数ｒｇ＝０．７６８７。     

小麦原生质体的电激介导基因转移

从小麦品种“Ｂｏｄａｌｉｎ”胚性悬浮细胞分离出原生质体，通过电激将质粒ＰＢＣ１ＤＮＡ（携带β－葡萄糖苷酸酶（ＧＵＳ）标记基因和潮霉素抗性基因ｈｐｈ）导入原生质体。采用ＢＴＸ电激系统和ＡＳＰ电激缓冲液，最佳电激条件为３００Ｖ（７５０Ｖ／ｃｍ）和５０ｍｓ（约１０００μＦ），转化的原生质体内ＧＵＳ的活性最高；质粒ＤＮＡ的有效使用浓度为２５μｇ／ｍｌ。电激处理后，原生质体培养２～３天，ＧＵＳ基因表达最强，宜于检测其瞬时表达；牛胸腺ＤＮＡ可协助提高ＧＵＳ基因的导入效果。质粒ＰＢＣ１ＤＮＡ处理的原生质体培养于添加潮霉素的ＫＭＰ培养基。经４个月抗性筛选，选择获得１５个潮霉素抗性克隆     

杂交水稻施用锌,钼微肥的效应分析

以威优６４为材料进行了杂交水稻施用微肥钼（Ｍｏ）、锌（Ｚｎ）两因素各３水平的田间籽粒产量比较试验。结果是：（１）威优６４对钼酸胺不敏感,各处理间籽粒产量无明显差异;（２）施０．７５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２硫酸锌作基肥,比空白ｃｋ籽粒产量增加８．３９％、比施１．５０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２的Ａ３处理增加５．４６％;（３）０．７５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,１．５０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２硫酸锌作基肥分别使杂交稻威优６４穗粒数     

含6X小黑麦血缘的抗病小麦新材料的种子储藏蛋白分析

６Ｘ小黑麦品种Ｖｅｎｕｓ和２个普通小麦品种杂交回交,选育出ＮＲ９８４９等８个系群９４个系,其中大部份抗条锈病或（和）白粉病。应用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电脉（ＡＰＡＧＥ）分析了ＮＲ９８４９等系群的６４个株及其亲本Ｖｅｎｕｓ、小偃６号和川育１２号的醇溶蛋白,结果表明,５０．００％的株系具有１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ所特有的Ｇ１ｄ１Ｂ３位点,２０．３１％的株系在Ｇｌｉ－２位点发生了普通小麦与６Ｘ小黑麦遗传物质重组;６４个株系中出现了１种亲本类型,３种重组类型和３种突变重组类型,突变率１５．６２％。ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）指出,大多数株系Ｇｌｕ－１位点与普通小麦亲本相同,即由Ｇｌｕ－Ａ１编码的亚基１,Ｇｌｕ－Ｂ１编码的亚基７＋８、１４＋１５,Ｇｌｕ－Ｄ１编码的亚基５＋１０、２＋１２。文中还讨论了６Ｘ小黑麦向普通小     

硅营养对UV-B辐射条件下水稻酚类代谢的影响

本研究在不同硅营养条件下,探讨了UV-B辐射增强对两个供试水稻品种(Lemont和Dular)硅营养特性和酚代谢物质的影响。结果表明：(1)在缺硅营养和UV-B辐射胁迫下,Lemont的硅营养吸收能力和生理利用率都比Dular强。（2）不同硅营养条件下,UV-B辐射胁迫促使Lemont叶片的PAL、PPO、 POD、CAT活性增强,总酚、类黄酮和绿原酸含量升高,而可溶性蛋白质含量降低;上述指标在Dular叶片中也表现出相同的变化趋势。但在缺硅营养和UV-B辐射共同胁迫下,Lemont表现出较强的酚类合成能力。（3）硅营养有利于水稻酚类代谢物质的积累,以减少UV-B辐射的伤害。综上所述,Lemont与Dular之间硅营养特性的不同,可能是引起两个供试水稻的酚类代谢差异,从而表现出对UV-B辐射抗性不同的原因之一。     

两种栽培荞麦对日光UV-B辐射的响应

两种荞麦(甜荞和苦荞)栽培在不同紫外线B(UV-B)辐射[减弱(-UVB)、近充足(NA,Near-abient)、增强(+UVB)]保护小区内,以研究当前和未来增强UV-B辐射对其生长、发育、产量、生物量和卢丁含量等的影响。结果表明,不仅未来增强UV-B辐射而且当前高原条件下的UV-B辐射显著抑制了荞麦的生长、降低了产量和生物量积累,但促进了荞麦发育使其开花期提前。另一方面,叶片卢丁和UV吸收化合物在NA和增强UV-B辐射下显著增加,而多酚氧化酶在UV-B辐射下大幅度提高。两种栽培荞麦对UV-B辐射非常敏感,在高紫外辐射地区或未来增强UV-B辐射条件下荞麦生产除应考虑到高产外,还应该考虑到荞麦对紫外线辐射的耐性。     

Differential Response of Southern US Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Elevated ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B; between 290 and 320 nm) radiation, because of depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, is one of the major environmental factors influencing plant metabolic processes and yield. The southern US rice cultivars contribute greatly towards US rice production, but the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on these cultivars are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n), membrane stability, pollen viability, phenolic concentration and yield of eight commercially popular southern US rice cultivars (five inbred cultivars and three hybrids). Plants were grown in a temperature‐controlled greenhouse in Beaumont, TX, USA, and were exposed to UV‐B radiation of 0, 8 or 16 kJ m^?2 day^?1 for 90 days. For most of the cultivars, plants grown under 8 or 16 kJ UV‐B radiation showed significant decreases in P_n, membrane stability, pollen viability, and yield compared with the plants grown under an UV‐B‐free environment, whereas there was a significant increase in leaf phenolic concentration under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation. The hybrid ‘Clearfield XL729’ performed best among the selected southern US rice cultivars under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation.     

硅及其吸收基因Lsi1调节水稻耐UV-B辐射的作用

硅能提高植物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性,水稻是吸收硅较多的作物之一。本研究以UV-B耐性水稻Lemont和UV-B敏感水稻Dular及其硅吸收基因(Lsi1)的转基因水稻为材料,研究硅与水稻耐UV-B辐射的关系。结果发现,自然光照条件下,缺硅培养的UV-B耐性水稻Lemont和UV-B敏感水稻Dular叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL)和光裂解酶(Photolyase, PL)基因的表达以及总酚、类黄酮的含量都分别低于加硅的处理; UV-B辐射后,上述指标在不同硅处理的两水稻中都增加和增强,但缺硅培养的水稻仍显著低于加硅培养的水稻。进一步分别以Lsi1被抑制、增强的两种转基因Lemont水稻,以及Lsi1增强的转基因Dular水稻为材料,采用加硅培养的方式对转基因水稻的上述指标进行研究,结果也发现,抑制水稻Lsi1基因表达,其叶片PAL、PL基因表达也下调,总酚、类黄酮含量降低,此结果与缺硅培养下的野生型植株相似; 增强表达Lsi1基因则结果相反。UV-B辐射后,上述指标也增强和增加,但在相同的水稻品种中仍表现为Lsi1被抑制的植株最低,Lsi1增强的植株最高。研究结果表明,通过调节水稻Lsi1能够改变水稻耐UV-B辐射的能力。     

UV-B辐射增加对水稻生长发育及产量的影响

在盆栽条件下,以有代表性的2个粳稻品种为试材,采用盆栽方法,研究UV-B辐射对2个粳稻品种生长发育及其产量的影响。试验设3个处理,分别为自然光、紫外辐射增强5%和10%。试验结果表明,UV-B辐射强度增加明显滞后水稻的生育期,使株高变矮,分蘖数减少,叶面积和干物重下降,最终导致产量降低。并且UV-B辐射强度增加后穗粒数和穗数的下降是水稻产量降低的主要原因。总体来说,UV-B辐射增加越多对水稻的影响越大,但其抑制程度依品种,水稻所处的生长阶段的不同而不同。     

Effects of Elevated Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Productive Tillers, Spikelet Sterility and Grain Characteristics of Southern US Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars

Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer is leading to an increase in ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation (280–320 nm) reaching the Earth's surface, which can alter crop productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of elevated UVB radiation on rice production with special emphasis on grain characteristics in southern US rice cultivars (six inbred cultivars and three hybrids). Due to the spectral characteristics of the greenhouse glass, plants received no natural UVB radiation; hence, plants were provided with supplemental UVB lighting. Plants were exposed to UVB radiation of 0, 8 (ambient) or 16 (twice ambient) kJ m⁻² day⁻¹. There was no significant effect of elevated UVB radiation on the number of productive tillers in any cultivar except 'Sierra'. All the cultivars except 'Sierra' showed increased spikelet sterility with an increase in UVB radiation. There were decreases in main-stem panicle length, number of primary branches per panicle, and grain width with an increase in UVB radiation in most of the inbred cultivars. Elevated UVB radiation decreased plant grain yield in all the cultivars, however the per cent decrease in plant grain yield varied among the cultivars (31–79 %). The hybrid 'Clearfield XL729' performed best among the selected southern US rice cultivars under an elevated UVB environment.     

UV-B辐射增强对甘薯光合特性和紫外吸收物质的影响

为探索UV-B辐射增强对甘薯光合特性和紫外吸收物质含量的影响,以徽薯为试验材料,以自然光为对照,设2个UV-B辐射增强处理[在自然光基础上增加UV-B辐射3.6和7.2kJ/(m ²·d)分别编号为T1、T2处理],测定不同辐射强度下光合色素含量、光合作用参数和紫外吸收物质含量。结果表明：叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、类胡萝卜素（Car）和叶绿素a/b的值均随UV-B辐射强度的增加而降低,且Chla、Chlb和Car分别在处理第100、80和40天时对辐射变化最敏感;净光合速率（P_n）显著下降,气孔导度（G_s）降低,胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）和蒸腾速率（T_r）无明显变化规律,气孔限制值（L_s）的变化趋势与C_i相反;紫外吸收物质显著升高,呈CK相似文献   

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗多胺含量及多胺氧化酶活性的影响

摘要：采用He-Ne激光辐照对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗的损伤修复作用进行了研究。小麦种子在盛有湿滤纸的培养皿内25℃下进行萌发。萌发后小麦幼苗在经10.08kJ?m-2?d-1的增强UV-B辐射,然后再用10mW?mm-2的He-Ne激光进行辐照。通过小麦幼苗叶片多胺含量、多胺氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化物的变化,测定了He-Ne激光对小麦UV-B损伤的修复情况。结果表明,多胺、多胺氧化酶、膜脂过氧化物的变化同小麦幼苗损伤的修复的能力相关联。He-Ne激光辐照可使由增强UV-B辐射后诱导叶片升高的多胺含量降低。增强UV-B辐射对多胺氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化物呈促进的作用。显示He-Ne激光对多胺氧化酶由于增强UV-B辐照造成的伤害有一定的修复。     

Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tillering to Sub-ambient Levels of Ultraviolet-B Radiation

The negative impact of enhanced ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation has been demonstrated for rice, but few studies have examined the effects of low UV‐B radiation on rice growth and physiology. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low UV‐B radiation on rice physiology with special emphasis on tiller initiation and development in two popular US rice cultivars, ‘Cocodrie’ and ‘Clearfield 161 (CL161)’. Plants received no natural UV‐B radiation because of the UV‐absorption characteristics of the greenhouse glass, hence UV‐B was artificially supplied by supplemental UV‐B lighting. Plants were grown in soil collected from research plots, and were exposed to UV‐B radiation of 0, 4 (sub‐ambient) or 8 kJ m⁻² day⁻¹ (ambient) for 29 days in one experiment and 87 days in a second experiment. ‘Cocodrie’ had no differential response among 0, 4 and 8 kJ m⁻² day⁻¹ UV‐B treatments for all the parameters measured except for plant height, which showed 5% decrease at ambient UV‐B conditions. For ‘CL161’ sub‐ambient UV‐B radiation exposure decreased vegetative tiller production (25%) and total panicle dry weight (15%). The decrease in tiller production was not due to a decrease in carbohydrate content or increase in auxin content under the low UV‐B radiation.