安祖花切花采用生理及贮运技术研究进展

安祖花切花是目前应用非常广泛的鲜切花之一,虽然其切花具有很好的耐贮运能力,但是如果长途运输,为了保持新鲜的优良品质,则需要进行采后处理。现就安祖花切花采后生理生化变化、采收与包装以及安祖花切花保鲜技术等3个方面论述近年来国内外研究进展,旨在为安祖花切花生产运输提供参考。     

切花红掌生产栽培技术

红掌在南方俗称花烛,又被称为安祖花,属于天南星科花烛属多年生草本植物,世界级高档切花。     

钙处理对切花采后寿命影响及机理研究

主要阐述了钙处理技术在切花采后技术中的应用,揭示了钙处理对切花采后寿命影响的机理,进一步说明钙对切花采后处理的重要性.     

香石竹切花的保鲜技术

香石竹是大宗切花,切花产品的品质除了取决于品种选择、栽培技术外,还与采后处理技术密切相关.采取适当的技术和方法可以延缓切花的衰老进程,保持切花最佳的观赏品质.     

唐菖蒲切花采后微生物变化与衰老关系的初步研究

探讨了唐菖蒲切花采后瓶插时微生物的变化及与切花衰老的关系.经唐菖蒲切花瓶插液和茎切口的微生物分离培养,发现微生物发生以细菌为主,真菌数量少,瓶插第7天才检测出少量,放线菌未检出.细菌繁殖速度快,呈先升后降的趋势,与切花衰老成正相关,主要来自于切口处的伤口感染.纯化培养鉴定后保存6株主要菌株.     

切花月季营养特性研究进展

切花月季是一种主要用于产花的多年生植物,月季鲜重的增加与氮、磷、钾吸收,切花和植株生物量之间都有高度的相关性,产花量越大,需肥越多[1],属于连续采花型,补肥一般在采后[2].月季的生长、切花品质及抗逆性与体内贮存的养分含量有很大的关系.因此掌握生长期内月季的营养状况,是搞好生产的关键.月季肥料吸收曲线在生长季中比较平稳,变化幅度不大.     

红掌的栽培与管理

红掌(Anthurium andraeanum)又名安祖花、花烛、火鹤，属天南星科多年生常绿草本植物。它苞美，叶秀，观赏期长，在适宜条件下可周年生产。现世界各地均有种植，尤以美国(夏威夷、佛罗里达)和荷兰种植面积最大，是国际花卉市场上新兴的切花和盆栽品种之一。     

切花采后生理变化

在世界花卉及观赏植物生产中，切花占有极其重要的地位。由于切花是鲜活的园艺产品，采后仍进行生命活动，但贮藏和观赏寿命有限，因而切花的采后生理生化变化及保鲜技术是园艺学研究中较为活跃的领域。多年来国外对引起切花衰老、枯萎的原因及延缓衰老及保鲜的途径进行了很多研究，我国近年来在采后生理及保鲜方面也进行了广泛的研究。     

切花品质评价标准及采前生长条件对切花影响

切花品质的评价是切花生产中的基本问题。本分花、茎、叶、瓶插等几方面对切花品质的评价标准进行了评述,对影响切花品质的采前生长条件及其作用机理作了初步总结。     

安祖花细菌性疫病的Nested-PCR检测

根据基因库中已发表的安祖花细菌性疫病致病菌粉黛黄单胞杆菌（Xanthomonas campestris pv.dieffenbachiae）基因序列设计引物XcF1/XcR1、XcF2/XcR2,通过扩增条件优化,建立了安祖花细菌性疫病的Nested-PCR检测方法,可以直接从感染细菌性疫病的安祖花组织DNA中扩增出1...     

盆栽红掌快速分株繁殖试验

作者通过试验表明，对盆栽红掌植株茎上部刺眼、摘心、插竹签都可促进其侧芽萌发，其中以刺眼效果最好；将带侧枝的红掌植株换盆深栽可促进侧枝生根；在花盆底部垫树皮有利于促进红掌扦插生根。     

Ploidy screening of anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Linden ex André) regenerants derived from anther culture

Anther culture was successfully developed in Anthurium andreanum Linden ex André cv. ‘Tropical’, but resulted in variation in morphology and growth response of regenerants. Ploidy levels varied in different morphological variants. Finding a convenient, rapid, reliable, practical and indirect method to screen and determine anthurium ploidy level is important not only for anthurium, but for ornamentals in general. Regenerants derived from anther culture showing three different ploidy levels (haploids, diploids, triploids) were used in this study. Five indirect methods were used to assess chromosome number: chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells (M1), stomatal length and width ratio (M2), stomatal density (M3), ratio of length and width of leaves (M4), and microspore number per anther (M5). These were compared to chromosome counting as the direct and control method (M6). Through simple regression correlation analysis, when compared to M6, M1 was the most convenient and reliable indirect method to determine the ploidy level. This method was highly and significantly positively correlated to anthurium ploidy level (r = 0.945; p < 0.01). This method could also be applied much faster than the conventional chromosome method.     

Use of organic agricultural wastes as growing media for the production of Anthurium andraeanum ‘Pink Lady’

Summary

The conventional organic growing medium used for anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) production is peat. Quality peat, however, is costly and is a non-renewable natural resource. The current study compared the suitability of using charred and composted organic agricultural wastes (OAW) vs. sphagnum peat as components of various growth media for the ornamental plant, anthurium (A. andraeanum ‘Pink Lady’). Ten different media were prepared from composted corn cobs (C), charred corn cobs (CC), charred garden waste (CG), and Pindstrup? sphagnum peat moss (P) in various proportions. The media contained [on a % (v/v) basis]: C (100%), CC (100%), CG (100%), C (70%) + CG (30%), CC (70%) + CG (30%), C (35%) + CG (15%) + P (50%), CC (50%) + P (50%), CC (35%) + CG (15%) + P (50%), C (50%) + P (50%), or P (100%) as a control. After 15 months in a greenhouse, the growth and flowering of transplanted anthurium plants were optimal using P, CC+P, or CC+CG+P.These results indicate that mixing charred OAW with peat could provide a suitable medium for anthurium production, thereby reducing the need for peat and converting agricultural waste material into useful products.     

The inheritance of systemic resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae) in Anthurium andraeanum (Hort.)

The inheritance of resistance to systemic infection by bacterial blight disease (blight) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae in anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Hort.) was investigated in 83 biparental crosses involving 39 anthurium cultivars, using a green fluorescent protein-based screening method. Genetic analysis was based on North Carolina mating design II analysis, combining ability analysis and parent–offspring regression analysis. The results showed a role for both additive and non-additive effects in the inheritance of systemic resistance to blight, although the former was predominant and between four- to five-fold larger than the latter. General combining ability (GCA) of the parents was able to fairly accurately predict the performance of progeny in 15 of the 17 M × N (‘M’ male cultivars crossed with ‘N’ female cultivars) mating designs. The highly resistant cultivars were the best general combiners, while the susceptible cultivars generally produced negative GCA values. Dominance was in the direction of susceptibility. Narrow sense heritability (h²) based on North Carolina mating design II analysis, was 42.5%, with broad sense heritability (H²) of 96.5%. The estimate of h² based on mid-parent–offspring regression analysis was slightly higher (58–62%). In conclusion, the results indicated that resistance to systemic blight is governed by both additive and non-additive genetic effects with the former playing a larger role. Clonal breeding for systemic resistance to blight using a family selection approach is suggested.     

红掌新品种‘夏焰’

‘夏焰’红掌是从‘亚利桑那’为母本,‘大哥大’为父本的杂交后代中选出的盆花新品种。平均株高为48.32 cm;叶片中等大小,边缘略波皱,平均长24.45 cm,宽13.44 cm;佛焰苞红色,平展,富有光泽,平均长11.6 cm,宽9.2 cm,与花梗的角度近直角;肉穗花序平均长5.01 cm,白色至乳白色。从组培苗出瓶至成品花需16 ~ 18个月。     

红掌查尔酮异构酶基因的克隆与表达分析

以红掌栽培品种‘Dakota’为材料,采用RACE技术克隆获得AnCHI基因的cDNA序列,分析花青素含量与该基因表达的关系,进一步完善红掌花青素合成途径。结果表明：AnCHI序列全长为1 117 bp,其中开放阅读框为777 bp,编码258个氨基酸;AnCHI在不同时期红掌佛焰苞以及根、茎、叶、肉穗组织中均有表达,且在佛焰苞发育前期表达量明显高于后期,测得花青素含量与基因表达量变化基本一致;构建的pGEX-4T1-AnCHI重组表达载体在原核中正确表达。初步验证了AnCHI的表达可能对红掌佛焰苞花青素的合成有一定促进作用。     

白玉菇鲜品的保鲜包装与贮运技术

为了提高白玉菇(white Hypsizygus marmoreus)鲜品的包装和贮运质量,保证白玉菇鲜品在采摘、包装、运送及销售过程中的品质.以工厂化新鲜栽培的白玉菇为材料,对其保鲜包装和贮藏时所需的各项环境条件进行测定,并选取白玉菇鲜品常用的保鲜技术,考察不同的处理对白玉菇贮藏品质的影响,得出白玉菇鲜品得以保鲜的规...     

Cultivar differences in the deterioration of vase-life in cut-flowers of Anthurium andraeanum is determined by mechanisms that regulate water uptake

Vase-life, average daily water uptake rate and abaxial stomata density were evaluated in 17 anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Hort.) cultivars over two trials. There were significant cultivar differences for vase-life (14–49 days), 5-day average water uptake rate and abaxial stomata density, in both trials. A progressively stronger correlation coefficient between average daily water uptake rates during the period 25–50 days after initiation of experiment (DAI) and vase-life was observed, indicating that cultivars with longer vase-life were able to maintain above average water uptake rate over a longer period of time and hence delay symptoms of water stress. This was evident in the water uptake rate curves as an inflection, resulting in the levelling off of water uptake rates. The cultivars with long vase-lives achieved steady state water uptake levels faster, and maintained a high steady state water uptake rate for longer durations. The role of vascular occlusion and other senescence factors on water relations and vase-life is discussed.     

Nutrient solution effects on the development and yield of Anthurium andreanum Lind. in tropical soilless conditions

The fertilization of anthurium grown in soilless culture in tropical countries is often empirically based. The methods used generally lead the grower to overestimate plant needs and to apply excessive quantities of nutrients. Mineral elements, and thus money, are wasted and there is a risk of pollution of groundwater and watercourses. In order to improve our knowledge of plant requirements, we measured, over 2 1/2 years, the growth and yield of anthurium plants receiving nutrient solutions with different total nitrogen, potassium and calcium concentrations and different NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratios. Mineral analyses of plant parts, of nutrient, leachate and substrate solutions and of the solid substrate were carried out throughout plant development. Plants receiving 4.5 mmol N/l and 1.6 mmol K/l in the nutrient solution had significantly slower growth and lower yield compared to those receiving 8.9 mmol N/l and 3.2 mmol K/l. For these latter N and K concentrations, a N–NH₄⁺/N–NO₃⁻ ratio of 0.37 and a calcium concentration of 1.15 mmol/l gave better plant growth, development and yield than a ratio of 0.24 and a calcium concentration of 2.25 mmol/l. Applying the nutrient solution containing 8.9 mmol N/l and 3.2 mmol K/l with a N–NH₄⁺/N–NO₃⁻ ratio of 0.37 resulted in a shorter vegetative period and more and larger flower production. The calculated mineral balances of the crop showed that more than 60% of the supplied nutrients were lost in the leachate. Suitable nutrient solutions are proposed in order to match plant absorption at different crop growth stages. The volume of nutrient solution supplied can be reduced to limit the amount of leachate, but as water demand is high, there must be at least 30% of leaching to avoid salt accumulation in the substrate. Adjusting the nutrient solution volume and composition to match plant requirements is the first step for flower yield improvement, fertilizer efficiency and reduction of pollution.     

菌糠栽培对温室番茄生长发育和干物质积累的影响

为摸清菌糠在无土栽培中的应用效果,以菌糠、炉渣、河沙不同配比的栽培基质进行日光温室越冬茬番茄“印第安”的种植试验,研究栽培基质对番茄植株性状和干物质积累量的影响.结果表明:在营养生长期番茄的株高平均日增长1.0 cm以上,定植后90 d株高均达100 cm左右,茎粗达1.0 cm左右,株幅达50 cm以上,果穗达4穗,定植后140 d测得植株总鲜重都在200 g左右,干重30～40 g之间,干鲜比16.21％～17.86％,根冠比10.14％～12.93％,各生长发育性状处理间差异不大.说明以菌糠为主的3个不同配比栽培基质,均能满足番茄植株的正常生长和发育.