1-MCP对新红星苹果贮藏保鲜的影响

<正>用1-MCP对苹果进行熏蒸处理,可以推迟果实在贮藏过程中风味和品质的下降,防止果实生理病害的发生,延长贮藏期。在苹果上应用1-MCP进行贮藏保鲜。方法简单,适用范围广,保鲜效果好,符合食品安全的要求,具有广阔的应用前景。但1-MCP对苹果的保鲜效果受品种、产地、成熟度等许多因素的影响,本试验研究了1-MCP不同处理浓度、不同处理时期和不同果实成熟度对新红星苹果贮藏效果的影响,以期为1-MCP在新红星苹果上的应用提供依据。     

壳聚糖处理对出库红富士苹果品质的影响

利用不同浓度壳聚糖溶液对出库红富士苹果进行涂膜处理,经常温贮藏,定期测定红富士苹果果实硬度、含糖量、含酸量和维生素C含量等指标。结果表明:壳聚糖涂膜处理能够有效延缓出库红富士苹果果实硬度下降,减少糖分、总酸和VC的损失,能较好地保持红富士苹果品质。以1.0%的壳聚糖溶液涂膜处理保质效果最好。     

植酸处理对出库红富士苹果品质的影响

利用不同浓度植酸溶液对出库红富士苹果进行浸涂处理,经常温贮藏,定期测定红富士苹果果实硬度、含糖量、含酸量和维生素C含量等指标.结果表明:植酸溶液浸涂处理能有效延缓出库红富士苹果果实硬度降低,减少糖分、总酸和维生素C的损失,能较好地保持红富士苹果品质.以0.10％的植酸溶液浸涂处理保质效果最好.     

苹果采后包装的作用与技术要求

苹果因营养价值高被认为是"全方位的健康水果",国内需求量和产量呈逐年上升趋势,包装作为果品商品化生产中增值最高的一个环节,是提高苹果市场竞争力的重要手段。现从包装与苹果采后生理及品质的关系入手,提出了苹果采后贮藏、运输和销售过程中包装的技术要求,以期为提高苹果采后商品化处理水平、减少苹果采后损失、促进苹果产业发展提供理论和技术参考。     

壳聚糖涂膜在香蕉保鲜中的应用

壳聚糖（Chitosan）是α-氨基-D-葡胺糖，由甲壳素通过脱乙酰制得。壳聚糖具有无毒，成膜好，抗菌谱广等特点，在果蔬保鲜方面受到高度重视。壳聚糖可在果蔬表面形成一层薄膜来调节果蔬采后的生理代谢并对微生物有抑制作用，壳聚糖对杨梅、番木瓜、草莓、苹果、桃、梨、猕猴桃、龙眼、黄瓜、青椒等均有不同程度的保鲜作用。目前国内未见有壳聚糖在香蕉采后保鲜上应用的报道。为此，笔者进行了壳聚糖涂膜对香蕉保鲜效果试验，旨在为壳聚糖在果蔬采后保鲜中的应用提供依据。     

苹果保鲜技术研究进展

对苹果保鲜技术的物理和化学贮藏方法进行了综述,并指出了理化贮藏方法的不足,阐述了天然多糖等新方法在苹果保鲜中的应用,讨论了今后的主要研究方向。     

苹果贮藏中鹿蹄草浸提物抗真菌研究初探

对天然植物鹿蹄草和苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾两种化学防腐剂的抑真菌效果和在苹果防腐保鲜中的效果进行了比较，结果显示：鹿蹄草对根霉、黑曲霉、青霉有明显的抑制作用。在苹果保鲜试验中，鹿蹄草0．20％酒精浸提物的抑茵效果优于0．50％苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾，显示了鹿蹄草在苹果贮藏防腐方面具有良好的开发应用前景。     

吉县苹果保鲜贮藏发展好又快

本刊讯2010年随着三堠、大田窝、十里河3个果库群，8个苹果冷藏库的兴建和投人使用，山西省吉县用苹果贮存保鲜的冷藏果库容量已由3万t增加至6万多t，占苹果总产量的25％左右。果库容量增大和配套设施完善保证了全县苹果季产年销，均衡上市，为苹果增值和果农增收发挥了巨大作用。     

1-MCP发气剂对苹果保鲜效果的研究

为抑制苹果贮藏期间内源乙烯的催熟作用,减缓果实品质降低的速度、延长贮藏期,在富士苹果贮藏时,试验研究应用12%1-MCP发气剂不同有效成分量在密闭空间熏蒸后的乙烯产生量和果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,与对照药剂3.3%1-MCP粉剂有效成分量1.0 mg/m³处理相比,应用12%1-MCP发气剂有效成分量0.5~2.0 mg/m³处理7 d时,可以更有效降低苹果贮藏期间果实乙烯的产生量;施药10、20、30 d时,各处理果实的硬度下降速度减缓,果实失重率降低,可溶性固形物含量减少程度降低,阻止果实成熟老化,保鲜效果良好,其中,用12%1-MCP发气剂有效成分量1.0 mg/m³处理的果实综合保鲜指标和保鲜效果最好。     

苹果采后处理与产业化建设

1 陕西苹果采后处理的现状 1.1 采收、分级和包装 适宜的采收期是获得果实优良品质和贮藏性状的必须条件。近年来苹果销售价格波动较大,随行就市,只要果农认为销售价格能够接受,即进行采收,较少考虑果实采收成熟度是否适宜的问题,部分地区采收期偏早,分次采收更难实现。     

RiNA-纳米效应果蔬保鲜液膜及其应用技术的研究

采用纳米微容体结构硅基氧化物为载体，将无机银、锌等离子组装入微容体中进行半封孔，形成长久广谱抗菌微囊。该微囊与高表面能纳米材料及与纳米沸石分子筛等复合形成抗菌、吸附分解乙烯等影响保鲜的有害气体的主要体系。利用上述纳米技术开发的“纳米效应果蔬保鲜液膜”和传统的果蔬保护网套相结合技术，较好的解决了“在动态过程中果蔬保鲜”的问题，填补了国内纳米技术在保鲜网套上应用的空白。[编者按]     

Anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde

AIM: To investigate the anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro. METHODS: The anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and virus proliferation inhibition experiment. The expression of hexon protein was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results of MTT and virus proliferation inhibition experiment showed that cinnamaldehyde enhanced the survival rate of the host cells, and decreased adenovirus titer by the ways of direct virus inactivation, anti-adenovirus in the stage of biosynthesis and adsorption of the adenovirus. The viability of the host cells had a positive correlation with the drug concentration under the condition of virus infection. Cinnamaldehyde did not block the virus uptake into host cells, and did not protect the host cells from infection. The expression of hexon protein was significantly lower (P<0.05) in cinnamaldehyde group than that in virus group.CONCLUSION: Cinnamaldehyde has anti-adenovirus effect, but can not directly protect host cells. The anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde may be related with the inhibition of hexon protein expression.     

枣丰金钛宝田间应用效果试验

试验示范结果指出,枣树枣吊旺长期、蕾期、盛花期、幼果期、果实缓慢增长期喷施枣丰金钛宝1000倍液,促进营养生长明显,增产及提高果实品质效果显著。     

Pro-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids in brain

Glucocorticoids are necessary for stress response and universally used as anti-inflammatory agents. However, recent studies indicate that glucocorticoids not only enhance the pro-inflammatory effect of stress in the brain but also aggravate brain inflammation when glucocorticoid level is chronically elevated or abnormally increased. In addition, inflammatory response has detrimental effects on the repair of injury in the brain and contributes to several neuropsychiatric diseases. Accordingly, the capacity of glucocorticoids to augment inflammation in the brain deserves further investigation for effective clinical attenuation of brain inflammation. In this paper, we review recent advances in the characteristics and the possible mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids in the brain.     

Antitumor effect of chlorophyllin in vitro

AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of chlorophyllin (CHL) inhibiting HT29 cells. METHODS: IC₅₀ value and growth curve of HT29 cells were detected with MTT method. Apoptosis was detected with Wright-Giemsa staining, FCM and DNA electrophoresis. Telomerase was detected by PCR-ELISA, and protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 gene were detected through RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: CHL inhibited the growth of HT29 in a dose-dependent manner. CHL blocked HT29 cells in G₁ phase but did not induce apoptosis. Different concentration of CHL inhibits the expression of telomerase and COX-2 in HT29 cells. CONCLUSION: CHL inhibited the growth of HT29 cells by inhibiting the expression of telomerase and COX-2 and blocking cells in G₁ phase.     

多效唑的矮化作用初探

随着社会不断发展,人们对植物的观赏要求越来越高,常见的矮化的药物:多效唑和B9,由于B9中含有大量的致癌物质,B9我国已经列入违禁药品。B9在农业上已经基本很少使用。虽然B9在花卉园艺上还在使用,但在短期内会禁止使用。由此可见,多效唑在园艺上有着不可替代的地位。     

Antidepressant effect of dextromethorphan and its mechanism

AIM:To investigate the antidepressant effect of dextromethorphan (DXM) and its mechanism. METHODS:The antidepressant effect of DXM was observed by the methods of forced swimming test, tail suspension test and open field test. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity in brain, and the effects of total nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and various types of NOS were examined by molecular biology methods. The mice pretreated with NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (MK), NMDA, NO precursor L-arginine (L-ARG), endothelial NOS (eNOS) inhibitor N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG), neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindole (7-NI) or phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil were given DXM to explore the mechanism of DXM as an antidepressant. RESULTS:DXM had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect. DXM inhibited the activity of brain NMDA receptor in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited the expression of eNOS and nNOS. MK, L-NAME and 7-NI were able to promote the antidepressant effect of DXM. NMDA, L-ARG and sildenafil were able to inhibit the antidepressant effect of DXM. AG did not influence the antidepressant effect of DXM. CONCLUSION:DXM has an antidepressant effect, and NMDA receptor and L-ARG-NO-cGMP signaling pathways are involved in this process.     

Anti-inflammatory effect of nitric oxide and atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis has been considered as one of inflammatory disease. Besides its action on vasomotor tone regulation, nitric oxide (NO) is recognized to be an anti-inflammatory molecule. The anti-inflammatory effects of NO are attributable to inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation.     

粘虫胶防治枣树红蜘蛛效果

2005年枣红蜘蛛在沧州部分枣区大发生，造成果园减产，枣果品质下降。我们利用该虫具有沿着树干爬行转移的特性，使用粘虫胶对其进行防治试验，防治率达到99．9％以上。     

Anti-angiogenic effect of thymoquinone on breast cancer

AIM: To investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of thymoquinone on human breast cancer and the possible mechanism. METHODS: The activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were assessed by CCK-8 assay. The apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the assay of capillary tube formation was used to observe the effect of thymoquinone on the tube formation of HUVECs. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, p-ERK and p-AKT were detected by Western blot. MCF-7 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to establish breast xenograft tumors. After 3 weeks of implantation, the mice were randomized into control group and thymoquinone group. After the mice were sacrificed, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD31 in the tumors, and the TUNEL test kit was used to explore cell apoptosis in the tumor tissues. RESULTS: Thymoquinone at concentrations of 20~80 nmol/L exerted no growth inhibitiory effect on MCF-7 cells. However, the cell viability of HUVECs were (66.1±8.3)％, (53.7±3.4)％ and (41.6±4.9)％ when the concentrations of thymoquinone were 20, 40 and 80 nmol/L, respectively. The apoptotic ratio of MCF-7 cells were (2.6±0.3)％, (2.4±0.3)％ and (4.6±0.4)％ and the apoptotic ratio of HUVECs were (21.5±3.7)％, (23.8±2.9)％ and (27.8±3.1)％ when the concentrations of thymoquinone were 20, 40 and 80 nmol/L, respectively. HUVECs were more sensitive to thymoquinone-induced apoptosis and inhibition in the cell activity than MCF-7 cells. Incubation of HUVECs with diffe-rent concentrations of thymoquinone (20, 40 and 80 nmol/L) for 1 h decreased their tube formation capacity (P<0.05). The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated, but the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. The immunohistochemical analysis of CD31 showed significant difference of the integral absorbance between control group and thymoquinone group, and the TUNEL-positive cells in thymoquinone group was significantly more than that in control group. CONCLUSION: Thymoquinone has the anti-angiogenic effect on breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo, which may be related to the decreases in p-ERK and p-AKT.