水分胁迫对澳洲坚果叶片矿质元素含量的影响

研究澳洲坚果叶片矿质元素含量与水分胁迫的关系,实验结果表明:不同水分胁迫程度下,随水分胁迫程度的加剧,叶片中含量降低的矿质元素有Zn、Ca、N、Mg和B,含量升高的矿质元素有K和Mn,水分胁迫对叶片中Co元素的影响不大,而P元素含量的变化不一致。水分胁迫时间与矿质元素含量的关系为:长期水分胁迫下,叶片矿质元素含量升高的有B和K,含量降低的有Ca、Mg、Mn、P、Zn和N,表现不一致的是Co。     

油茶林紫色土土壤养分限制因子分析

为了解福建省三明市石壁镇油茶林紫色土的土壤养分状况,为平衡施肥提供参考,采用土壤养分状况系统研究法对该地油茶林土壤养分限制因子进行研究。结果表明,三明市石壁镇油茶林地有机质和N、P、K、Ca、Mg等大中量元素含量较低,Cu、Mn元素含量相对丰富;该土壤对P的吸附固定能力极强,对B的吸附较强,而对K、Cu、Zn的吸附固定作用较小,对Mn的吸附最弱;N、P、Ca、Mg这4种养分元素是该油茶林地土壤的主要限制因子,Zn、Fe、S元素是潜在的养分限制因子。     

江西油茶林地土壤养分限制因子分析

为了解江西省油茶林地土壤养分状况,采用土壤养分状况系统研究法对江西省油茶林土壤养分限制因子进行了研究。研究结果表明,江西省各地区油茶林地土壤中N、P、K、Mg、B、Zn的含量均低于临界值,其次是Ca、Cu,而S、Fe、Mn的含量普遍较为丰富。各地区油茶林土壤对B、S、P、K的吸附固定能力均较强,而对Cu、Mn、Zn的吸附固定能力较弱。不同地区对各种元素的固定能力有较大差异,赣南地区的吸附固定能力最强。P、N、K、Ca、Mg为江西红壤油茶林土壤主要养分限制因子,而B、Zn、Cu为次要限制因子或潜在性限制因子。江西省油茶林养分管理中在施用P、K肥的同时,不能忽视对微量元素平衡施用。     

西藏绿萝花中矿质元素的分析测定

采用HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样,利用全谱直读电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES),全面详细地分析测定西藏绿萝花中的矿质元素,共检出K、P、Ca、Mg、S、Al、Si、Fe、Na、Mn、Zn、Sr、B、Ba、Cu、Ti等16种矿质元素.分析结果相对标准偏差(RSD)值,除Ti元素外,其余15种都在4％以内;加标回收率在90.3 ％～110.9％之间,其中10种元素在(100±5)％范围内.绿萝花中所含人体常量元素K、P、Ca、Mg、S、Na等的质量分数分别为0.66％、0.40％、0.27％、0.23％、0.17％和0.004％;微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Si、Mn、B等的质量分数分别为48.4、30.8、6.5、151.0、36.3、16.5 mg/ks.     

广东省油茶林地不同母岩红壤养分限制因子研究

为了评价广东省油茶林地土壤养分状况及其主要限制因子,采用土壤养分系统研究法(ASI),以高粱为指示作物,对该省主要油茶林地土壤养分因子进行了测定与分析。土壤养分测定结果表明:供试油茶林地土壤中有机质的含量均较低,N、P、K元素严重缺乏,Ca、Mg、B、Zn、Mo等元素普遍缺乏,而S、Fe的含量丰富;就供试的4种类型油茶林地土壤养分吸附量而言,第四纪红壤对K、Zn、Mn、Cu和砂岩类土壤对B的吸附固定量大,而千枚岩类土壤对K、B、Cu和花岗岩类土壤对P、Mn、Zn的吸附固定量小。盆栽试验结果表明:花岗岩类土壤养分限制因子及其亏缺程度的排序为N>P>K>B>Mo>Mn,砂岩类土壤养分限制因子及其亏缺程度的排序为K>P>N>Zn,千枚岩类土壤养分限制因子及其亏缺程度的排序为P>N>K>Cu>Zn>Mn>Mo>S,第四纪红壤类土壤养分限制因子及其亏缺程度的排序为N>P>K>Zn>Mo>Cu>B。由此得知,P、N、K是广东省油茶林地土壤的主要养分限制因子,其次为Zn、B、Mo。文中还提出:下一步的田间试验应致力于N、P、K、B、Zn、Mo的平衡施肥,还应重视补充Ca与Mg元素。     

4个蓝莓品种果实发育期叶片矿质营养动态及其相关性

【目的】了解不同品种蓝莓树体对矿质元素的吸收规律及差异,并为细化蓝莓施肥管理措施提供参考。【方法】以兔眼蓝莓品种‘巨蓝’和‘灿烂’及南高丛蓝莓品种‘薄雾’和‘奥尼尔’为试材,果实发育期间定期采取果实附近的叶片,应用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定并分析了叶片大量矿质元素磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)及微量矿质元素铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、硼(B)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)含量动态及其相关性。【结果】4月22日—7月21日,4个品种叶片K和Cu含量整体呈下降趋势,Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn和B含量整体呈上升趋势,但‘巨蓝’的Ca、Fe、Mn含量在7月21日未出现上升;‘灿烂’‘薄雾’和‘奥尼尔’P含量均在7月21日出现明显回升,而‘巨蓝’P含量持续下降;Zn含量除‘薄雾’变幅较小外,其他3个品种Zn含量呈现"下降—回升"的变化趋势。相关性分析结果表明,K含量与B含量间呈显著负相关,而Ca含量与P、Mg、Fe、Mn、B含量间,P含量与Mg含量间,Mg含量与Fe、Zn、B、Mn含量间,Fe含量与Mn、B含量间,以及Mn含量与B含量间均呈显著正相关。【结论】除‘巨蓝’Mg含量相对不足外,4个品...     

天津滨海湿地不同植物矿质元素的分布及迁移特征分析

滨海湿地位于海陆交错地带,属于典型的生态脆弱区。探究滨海湿地植物中矿质元素的分布及迁移特征,有助于正确认识和理解滨海湿地生物地球化学循环这一关键过程。本文以天津滨海地区7种常见的湿地植物作为研究对象,研究P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Sr、Zn、Mn、Cr等12种矿质元素在植物不同器官中的分布与迁移特征。结果表明：Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、P在植物叶片和根系中的含量显著高于Sr、Zn、Mn、Cr、Cu、K、Na等矿质元素,且不同植物之间矿质元素含量的差异多与其抗盐和磷吸收的能力有关。所有植物中,大蓟对矿质元素的吸收能力弱,但转移能力强,狗尾草则趋势相反。其它如柽柳、刺儿菜、碱蓬、青蒿、盐地碱蓬等植物对多种矿质元素的吸收和转移能力均较高。相关分析表明12种元素组成的66对元素中,仅有14对元素密切相关,矿质元素之间的这种耦合与拮抗关系与植物自身代谢和不同器官的需求有关。主成分分析结果表明12种矿质元素根据功能可大致划分为三个组合,而碱蓬与盐地碱蓬在盐离子的吸收和转移功能上与其他植物明显不同。     

红锥不同种源叶片养分含量分析

对红锥3个不同种源2 a生苗的叶片进行营养元素含量测定分析,结果表明:与大多数植物体内营养元素含量适宜范围相比,红锥叶片营养元素N、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、B含量在适宜范围之内;Cu的含量只有浦北种源在正常范围之内,博白和东兰种源处于缺乏状态;Mn含量处于安全水平之下;P和K的含量严重缺乏。常量元素中含量最高的是N,其次是Ca,最低的是Mg和P;微量元素中含量最高的是Fe,其次是Mn,最低的是Cu;叶片中N、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Mn和B营养元素含量在不同种源间的差异均达到显著或极显著的水平。不同种源叶片内矿质元素含量变幅不同,变幅最大的是B,其次为P,再次为Cu,最小的是N、Zn和K;大部份元素之间有显著或极显著的正相关,表明元素间存在着相互的协同作用。     

集约经营雷竹林植株矿质元素的变化

以4种不同种植年限雷竹林(5、7、10、15 a)中的雷竹为材料,分别对雷竹叶、秆、鞭和根中的K、Ca、Mg、P、Al、As和Rb 7种元素进行含量分析,探讨不同种植年限下雷竹林矿质元素的变化规律.结果表明:雷竹不同器官的矿质元素含量不同,Ca和Mg这两种元素的平均含量在雷竹叶中最高,K、P、Al、As和Rb这5种元素的平均含量在根部最高;不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹的叶、秆、鞭和根中矿质元素含量形成有规律的变化:种植10 a和15 a雷竹林雷竹中K、P、Al、As和Rb含量高于种植5 a和7 a,种植5 a和7 a雷竹林雷竹中Ca和Mg元素含量高于种植10 a和15 a;不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹各器官中各元素含量变化之间存在相关性,其中有31对矿质元素的相关性达到显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)水平.对不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹的K、Ca、Mg、P、Al、As和Rb 7种元素含量分析表明,集约经营下铝毒是引起雷竹内矿质元素含量变化和竹林退化的原因之一.     

日本落叶松中矿质元素初测

采用高压硝化罐法硝化样品,用ICP-OES测定了日本落叶松中Ca、Mg、K、P、Fe、Mn、B、Zn 8种矿质元素含量,同时用半微量法测定了S等42种元素,结果表明:①日本落叶松中B>K>P>Ca>Mg>Zn>Fe>Mn。②半微量法测定的42种元素中证明了元素Se的存在,没有测定到Ho、Pt、Tm。     

内蒙古黄土丘陵区4种柠条林土壤水分入渗特征

目的 研究内蒙古黄土丘陵区4种柠条林土壤入渗特征及其影响因素,为当地合理造林及植被恢复提供参考。 方法 以柠条、山杨 × 柠条、山杏 × 柠条、油松 × 柠条林下土壤为研究对象,采用环刀进行多点取样并测定土壤理化性质,单环土柱法观测原状土壤水分入渗,并将入渗特征与土壤理化性质进行相关性分析。 结果 4种林地初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、5 h累计入渗量、湿润锋前进速率均表现为山杏 × 柠条(8.60 mm·min−1,1.05 mm·min−1,279.83 mm,2.5 mm·min−1) > 山杨 × 柠条(5.6 mm·min−1,0.76 mm·min−1,255.65 mm,2.2 mm·min−1) > 油松 × 柠条(4.80 mm·min−1,0.73 mm·min−1,243.03 mm,2.0 mm·min−1) > 柠条（3.16 mm·min−1,0.53 mm·min−1,178.64 mm,3.4 mm·min−1）;入渗后土壤饱和含水率、田间持水率表现为：山杏 × 柠条 > 山杨 × 柠条、油松 × 柠条 > 柠条;土壤密度和孔隙状况是影响4种林地入渗能力和水分状况的主要因素。 结论 在研究区内,山杏 × 柠条较其他林地有更好的调节作用和涵养水源功能,有效减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀。     

Effects of Thidiazuron,basal medium and light quality on adventitious shoot regeneration from <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> cultured stem of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus alba</Emphasis>×<Emphasis Type="Italic">P. berolinensis</Emphasis>

The effect of Thidiazuron （TDZ）, basal media and light quality on adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro cultured stem of Populus albaxP berolinensis were determined to establish a high efficiency shoot regeneration system from stem explants of P. alba~P berolinensis. Stems ofPopulus alba~P berolinensis were collected from cultured shoots in vitro derived from dormancy buds of 3-year-old seedlings. The stem explants were cultured on MS medium containing 0.02-mg·L-1NAA （naphthaleneacetic acid）, and 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1 concentrations of TDZ to determine the effect of TDZ on shoot regeneration. Three basal media, i.e. MS, woody plant medium （WPM） and B5, were used to test their influences of different media on adventitious shoot regeneration. Green, red, blue and yellow plastic films in comparison with florescent light as control were used to observe their effects on shoot regeneration. The results showed that differ- ent concentrations of TDZ had an evident influence on shoot regeneration. Lower concentration of TDZ （0.1 mg·L-1） resulted in more ad- ventitious shoot regeneration and higher concentration of TDZ （〉0.1 mg·L-1） inhibited shoot regeneration. Among different media, MS medium exhibited a high efficiency for shoot regeneration, followed by WPM medium, while B5 medium inhibited shoot regeneration. Normal light and yellow light exhibited better effects on shoot regeneration, compared with other light.     

Modulation of in vitro morphogenesis in nodal segments of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. through the use of TDZ, different media types and culture regimes

A comparative performance of two different media formulations (woody plant medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog??s (MS) medium) for their ability to inflict in vitro shoot development in nodal segments of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. has been carried out. Thidiazuron (TDZ) in various concentrations was used as a supplement to the basal media. Media types, TDZ concentrations, exposure duration and culture regimes played an important role in affecting multiple shoot production. WPM supplemented with 2.5???M TDZ for 4?weeks exposure was found to be the best for maximum (4.53?±?0.27) shoots production in vitro. Transfer to a secondary medium consisting of 6-benzyladenine (1.0???M) and ??-naphthalene acetic acid (0.5???M) enhanced the multiplication rate and by the end of 12?weeks, 20.33?±?0.33 shoots with shoot length, 4.70?±?0.26?cm were produced on WPM. Rooting of the regenerated shoots was achieved on half strength basal media (either WPM or MS) containing 0.5???M indole-3-butyric acid. In all the experiments, different growth parameters were scored and WPM was found to be superior to MS medium. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the field with about 81?% survival.     

Shoot multiplication and plant regeneration in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Caragana fruticosa</Emphasis> (Pall.) Besser

Different nutrient media can affect in vitro culturing protocols, and experimentation under varied growth conditions is valuable in plants where in vitro methods are in preliminary stages. We carried out the first in vitro propagation studies for the endangered species Caragana fruticosa (Fabaceae). We evaluated various nutrient media for their impact on shoot elongation and axillary bud proliferation using different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoot elongation was evaluated based on adventitious shoot primary culture and subculture regeneration from Caragana seedlings. Our goal was to improve both micropropagation and regeneration in C. fruticosa. MS nutrient media was superior to 1/2MS macronutrients, DKW, QL, and WPM for shoot elongation and axillary shoot proliferation. Shoots grown on 1/2MS and WPM exhibited some chlorosis, and shoots on QL produced larger leavers than plants growing on normal medium. The shoot proliferation coefficient on MS media supplemented with 2.22 μM BA and 0.44 μM BA + 2.69 μM NAA was significantly higher than that with other treatments in the primary culture. Shoots on 2.22 μM BA showed a higher proliferation coefficient (3.17) than others in the subculture. Shoots were rooted on 1/2MS medium with the addition of different concentrations of NAA. The optimal concentration for rooting was 0.27 μM NAA (74%). Roots exhibited many stout and long root hairs. Survivl of established plantlets was 82% at 30 days after transfer to soil. Plants established in the green house showed normal growth and displayed no apparent morphological differences compared to stock plants.     

Different culture conditions applied to in vitro shoot multiplication of two Eucalyptus benthamii explant sources

Eucalyptus adult material requires more successive subcultures in the in vitro multiplication phase for increased vigor and cellular activity. This study evaluated the endophytic manifestation and shoot multiplication of one 13-year-old Eucalyptus benthamii clone under different culture conditions and used canopy branches(CB) and trunk base material as explant sources. The culture media were wood plant medium(WPM), Murashige and Skoog medium(MS) and JADS(Correia and co-authors medium).Based on the results of the initial multiplication experiment, further tests examined sucrose concentrations and p H. Morphophysiology, dry mass production, endophyticmanifestation and histochemical were determined. Explant sources responded differently to MS and JADS media, but the WPM medium promoted homogeneous development.The responses were similar for both explant sources when sucrose concentrations varied. Shoots died in the absence of sucrose, showed high oxidation at 60 g L-1 and optimal development at 30 g L-1. Endophytes were more evident for shoots from the CB origin. Explant sources responded distinctively to treatment due to physiological and intrinsic genetic factors. Therefore, explant sources, different culture media, sucrose concentration and p H may determine micropropagation success and influence the presence and/or intensity of endophytic manifestation.     

仿桑园优质土壤肥料的研究（Ⅱ）──桑园优质土壤矿质营养分析

通过对各类土壤矿质营养及桑叶中各元素测定得知，桑叶中各元素含量受所在土壤各元素含量制约；优质类土壤生产的桑叶中，钾、钙、镁及微量元素总量均明显高于其他桑叶，但优质类土壤中各矿质元素含量也有丰缺，故应针对性施肥调节；普通桑园要在加强氮、磷肥施用的同时，注意配施钾、钙、镁、锰、硼等肥。     

黄土高原丘陵区不同立地条件下柠条根系研究

对黄土高原丘陵区不同立地条件下3年生柠条的根系作了初步研究,结果表明:柠条侧根发生的主要部位在距地表0～20 cm的土层中,除在阳坡、半阳坡分布的植株外,其它的在50 cm以下没有侧根发生,侧根总数以阳坡最多,半阴坡最少;不同立地下根系生物量的垂直分布,均表现为从土壤表层到深层逐次递减;在各土层中,0～60cm土层中分布的根系生物量所占的比重最大,超过了总量的80%.不同立地条件下单株根系生物量以阳坡最大,为66.63 g,阴坡最低,仅为6.69 g.不同立地条件下柠条的地上部分差异显著,阳坡、半阳坡的株高、生物量等都高于阴坡和半阴坡的.柠条在幼龄期适宜生长的立地类型为阳坡和半阳坡.     

A modified Murashige and Skoog media for efficient multipleshoot induction in G. arborea Roxb.

This paper reports on the effect of various micropropagation factors of Gmelina arborea Roxb. through multiple shoot induction. Factors like the source and age of explants, plant growth regulators （PGRs）, media composition, and carbon source affected multiple shoot-ing in the present study. Among all the explants used, only shoot tips derived from one, two, and three week old seedlings could form multiple shoots. Besides, the formation of multiple shoots depended on the con-centration and combination of PGRs. Among all the PGRs, BAP （6-benzylaminopurine） alone gave the highest regeneration efficiency. Simi-larly, IBA （Indole-3-butyric acid） was the most efficient PGR in inducing root formation in the microshoots. Media composition and carbon source also affected the regeneration efficiency. MS （Murashige and Skoog medium） proved to be the best media for regeneration followed by B5, SH （Schenk and Hilderbrandt medium） and WPM （Woody plant medium） in that order. Similarly, among sugars, only sucrose and glucose sup-ported induction of microshoots. Based on this study we recommend the use of glucose in place of sucrose in MS medium for maximum regenera-tion efficiency.     

不同种源柠条营养成分分析

对来自内蒙古不同地区的6个柠条样本进行了营养成分的测定,初步选出粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量高、粗纤维含量低等营养价值较好的4份柠条材料,为柠条的良种选育和进一步开发利用提供科学依据.     

珍稀濒危植物珙桐初代培养研究

以珙桐芽体为试材,采用WPM、1/2 MS、B5三种基本培养基,附加6-BA、NAA、GA34因素3水平正交实验设计,同时研究了不同外植体消毒时间、剥离方式、芽体长度对珙桐初代培养的影响。结果表明:用75%酒精30 s+0.1%HgCl220 min消毒效果较好,外植体长度大于0.5 cm,剥离芽体至剩余鳞片叶1~2个的处理方式有利于降低污染率,最佳芽诱导的培养基配方为:WPM+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+AC 0.5 g/L。