TCF bleaching of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis> kraft pulps with H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> pretreatment under acid condition

The process of peroxide bleaching of Populus tomentosa kraft pulp with H₂O₂ pretreatment under acid condition was studied. The variations of pulp characteristics such as brightness, Kappa number and viscosity during the peroxide bleaching process were discussed and the concept of the A/B value was presented for the first time. The results show that acid pretreatment with H₂O₂ is essential to improve pulp brightness and avoid viscosity loss. The conclusion is reached that the A/B value has great influence on pulp properties when the total amount of peroxide used in the bleaching process is 2%–5%. Pulp with a high viscosity and brightness can be obtained when A/B is about 0.15. [Supported by the National “863” Project (Grant No. 2002AA241071)]     

世界纸浆工业全无氯漂白发展概述

介绍了世界ＴＣＦ漂白发展的背景,概述了ＴＣＦ漂白的一般程序及技术发展趋势。     

麦草氧碱蒸煮浆的低温压力过氧化氢漂白

对麦草在低温(85℃)下氧碱蒸煮,所得草浆在较低温度(80℃)下进行压力过氧化氢漂白。漂白后浆料卡伯值从17.9降至9.4～11.9;黏度比漂白前浆料黏度稍有增加,从1 042 mL/g增加到1 158～1 192 mL/g;纸浆白度(ISO)从37.1%升高至45.6%～60.6%,且与卡伯值之间具有一定的线性关系:白度增加=卡伯值降低×1.57;浆料得率在86.6%～89.5%之间,同时得率降低与卡伯值减少之间具有较为标准的线性关系:浆料得率降低=卡伯值降低×0.19。     

不同厚度杨木单板连续漂白工艺技术研究

分析了在不同单板厚度、不同漂白时间、连续漂白不补充漂白剂、连续漂白补充漂白剂等条件下杨木单板的漂白效果,结果表明：单板厚度对漂白效果有一定的影响;漂白时间延长,漂白效果更好,但漂白时间不宜过长;连续漂白时,需要补充一定量的漂白剂。     

马尾松硫酸盐浆过氧化氢强化氧漂的研究

探讨了预处理和过氧化氢强化氧漂对氧漂浆性能的影响,结果表明：采用酶、螯合预处理能较多地提高氧漂的选择性和脱木素程度,而对漂后浆的白度影响较小。在氧漂过程中添加过氧化氢能大幅度提高预处理浆的白度,而浆的卡伯值和粘度下降较小。     

Assessment of Rhizospheric Microorganisms of Transgenic Populus tomentosa with Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor (CpTI) Gene

To have a preliminary insight into biosafety of genetically transformed hybrid triploid poplars (Populus tomentosa × P. bolleana) × P. tomentosa with the cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) gene, two layers of rhizospheric soil (from 0 to 20 cm deep and from 20 to 40 cm deep, respectively) were collected for microorganism culture, counting assay and PCR analysis to assess the poten-tial impact of transgenic poplars on non-target microorganism population and transgene dispersal. When the same soil layer of suspension stock solution was diluted at both 1:1 000 and 1:10 000 rates, there were no significant differences in bacterium colony numbers between the inoculation plates of both transgenic and non-transgenic poplars. The uniform results were revealed for both soil layer suspension solutions of identical poplars at both dilution rates except for non-transgenic poplars at 1:10 000 dilution rates from the same type of soil. No significant variation in morphology of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was observed under the microscope. The potential transgene dispersal from root exudates or fallen leaves to non-target microbes was repudiated by PCR analysis, in which no CpTI gene specific DNA band was amplified for 15 sites of transgenic rhizospheric soil samples. It can be concluded that transgenic poplar with the CpTI gene has no severe impact on rhizospheric microorganisms and is tentatively safe to surrounding soil micro-ecosystem.     

毛白杨油酸去饱和酶基因PtFAD2的克隆与表达分析

以毛白杨为材料,结合生物信息学和分子生物学技术,利用现有的杨树基因组EST序列库资源,通过同源序列搜索,经过多次拼接合并,获得了理论的杨树油酸去饱和酶基因PtFAD2 cDNA序列;首次利用RT-PCR方法从杨树这个物种中成功克隆得到毛白杨PtFAD2全长编码序列cDNA(GenBank注册号:DQ316788),该cDNA长1 276bp,开放阅读框编码388个氨基酸.RT-PCR半定量研究表明:PtFAD2在叶片、茎、根不同组织中的表达量基本一致,并且在4℃低温处理过程中转录表达量没有变化,说明短时间内该基因表达不受低温诱导.     

温度和湿度对杨树无性系光合机构CO2瞬间响应分析

选择两个速生的（群众杨４４和欧美杨２５／８６）和两个慢生的（小叶杨和欧美杨２８／８６）杨树无性系，在水培和生长箱控制条件下，测定不同温度和相对湿度对ＣＯ２短时间的响应。结果表明：温度和湿度会不同程度地影响杨树对ＣＯ２短时间响应；净光合速率和水分利用效率与细胞间隙ＣＯ２浓度之间呈显著的正相关；ＣＯ２补偿点和羧化效率受温度、湿度影响明显；在大部分处理中气孔导度和蒸腾强度与细胞间隙ＣＯ２浓度之间相关不显著。由所得结果推知，温度和湿度对短时间ＣＯ２响应可能是通过ＣＯ２固定。     

三聚氰胺脲醛树脂复配硼化物改性杨木的性能

采用硼酸、硼砂混合液,三聚氰胺脲醛(MUF)树脂及MUF树脂与硼酸、硼砂的复配改性剂处理人工林杨木,并对处理材的各项性能进行评价.结果表明:MUF树脂和MUF树脂复配硼化物的处理,均可显著降低木材的吸湿率,提高抗胀率、弹性模量和抗弯强度;3种改性材的氧指数均提高,点燃时间延迟,热释放速率、总热释放量、总烟释放量及CO产率均降低.以MUF树脂复配硼化物处理杨木的效果最优,杨木各项性能可全面改善.     

磷钨酸季铵盐催化H_2O_2氧化枞酸的研究

研究松香的主要成分枞酸在磷钨酸季铵盐[π-C5H5N(CH2)15CH3]3PW12O40/H2O2催化反应体系中的氧化反应,考察催化剂用量、H2O2用量和反应温度对枞酸氧化转化率的影响,并通过紫外光谱、红外光谱以及气质联用谱对氧化产物进行结构表征。结果表明,在温和条件下,磷钨酸季铵盐能较好地催化过氧化氢对枞酸的氧化反应,枞酸的共轭双键已被破坏,枞酸氧化产物主要为脱氢枞酸、7-羟基-脱氢枞酸和7-羰基-脱氢枞酸;在本实验最佳的反应条件(枞酸5 mmol,催化剂0.084 g,30%H2O20.9 mL,温度30℃,反应时间5 h)下,枞酸的氧化转化率大于95%。     

催化木糖制备 呋喃甲醛的研究

为了使呋喃甲醛的制备过程绿色化,以ZrOCl2为原料,利用沉淀-浸渍法初步制备了SO42-/ZrO2固体酸,并应用于催化木糖制备呋喃甲醛的反应。采用L9(34)正交试验确定了适宜的反应条件:木糖质量浓度10 g/L、催化剂用量20 g/L、反应温度220℃、反应时间3 h。之后采用单因素试验考察了催化剂制备条件对呋喃甲醛产率的影响。得到的催化剂最佳制备条件为:H2SO4浸渍浓度1.0 mol/L、焙烧温度550℃、焙烧时间5 h,呋喃甲醛产率达最大值47%。实验结果表明:SO42-/ZrO2固体酸在催化木糖制备呋喃甲醛方面,具有较大发展潜力。     

不同CO2 浓度对4个桤木品系光合特性的影响

对H1、H12、J5和J10 4个桤木品系苗期在不同CO2浓度条件下的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,结果表明:随着CO2浓度的增加,4个桤木品系净光合速率呈上升趋势,其CO2补偿点为39～154 μmol·mol-1,CO2饱和点为800～2 000 μmol·mol-1,净光合速率最大值Pm以6月份最高,10月份最低;羧化效率(CE)介于0.001 5～0.051 5之间,H1、H12在7月份有较大的CE;4个桤木品系蒸腾速率(Tr)下降、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)上升,气孔导度(Cond)下降,光合特征值在10月份最低,可能是10月初突然降温、秋天干旱等对桤木生长有影响;叶面饱和蒸气压亏缺(Vp)随着CO2浓度的增加缓慢上升,增加幅度不大.     

平榛ChWRKY2转录因子的克隆及在低温胁迫下的表达分析

根据平榛花芽转录本高通量测序的结果,采用RACE-PCR技术克隆到一个全长675 bp,编码179个氨基酸的平榛WRKY基因,命名为ChWRKY2。ChWRKY2蛋白序列中只含有一个WRKY结构域,锌指结构为C-X4-C-X23-H-X1-H,属于WRKY家族第Ⅱ类成员。对ChWRKY2基因进行实时荧光定量PCR表达分析,结果表明:平榛雌花芽中ChWRKY2在12月份的表达量最高,随后表达量逐渐下降。4℃低温胁迫处理根蘖苗4 h后,叶片中ChWRKY2的表达量快速升高,并在8 h达到最大表达量。此外,ChWRKY2在不同器官中的表达具有差异性,雄花序中表达量最高,其次是雌花芽,树皮(韧皮部)中表达量最低。     

Cd及矿质营养元素在结缕草植株中的积累特性

以水培方法研究了镉在结缕草中的积累特性及对矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明:Cd²⁺处理下结缕草根、叶中镉的分布比例为细胞壁>胞液>细胞器。低浓度(1、10 mg·L^-1)处理下,结缕草茎细胞液中镉的比例分别较细胞壁中镉的比例高出61.70%、69.60%;高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)处理下,细胞壁中镉的比例较细胞液中镉的比例高出47.70%。低浓度(1、10 mg·L^-1)处理的结缕草地下部的镉含量显著高于地上部,而高浓度下(100 mg·L^-1)结缕草地上部的镉含量较地下部显著提高37.31%;随着处理浓度的升高,镉转运系数显著提高,100 mg·L^-1处理下镉转运系数分别较1、10 mg·L^-1提高了4.12、2.45倍。高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)处理下,结缕草地下部N、K、Ca、Mg含量下降,P、S含量有所提高。高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)镉处理下,地上部N含量较对照显著上升16.11%,Ca、Mg的含量均较对照升高;不同浓度镉处理的地上部P、K、S含量均较对照降低。     

高CO2浓度和干旱胁迫对4种树苗光合特性的影响

在不同CO2浓度(380、720 μmol·mol-1)的密闭式生长箱内,对5年生油松和侧柏苗、3年生元宝枫和刺槐苗进行培养,研究CO2浓度升高与干旱胁迫对4种树苗光合特性和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:高CO2浓度均能增加正常水分和重度干旱胁迫下4个树苗的光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE;),而降低蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Cord);在轻度干旱和重度干旱条件下,Pn、Ci、Tr、Cond和WUEi增加,刺槐的WUEi却减少.CO2浓度增加,4个树种在同一干旱时期的碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)减少.随着干旱胁迫加剧,不同CO2浓度下4个树种的Pn、Tr和Cond减少,而720 μmol·mol-1 CO2浓度下4个树种和380 μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下刺槐和元宝枫的WUEi和δ13C增加,而380μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下油松和侧柏的WUEi和δ13C先增加,到重度干旱时又下降.CO2浓度增加与干旱胁迫的交互作用减弱了干旱胁迫或者CO2浓度增加中的某一因子对气孔变化的敏感性,使得气孔变化缓慢,延迟了水分胁迫的发生.     

Studies on hypersaline-tolerant white-rot fungi IV: effects of Mn 2+ and NH 4 + on manganese peroxidase production and Poly R-478 decolorization by the marine isolate Phlebia sp. MG-60 under saline conditions

Manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by Phlebia sp. MG-60 is strongly regulated by Mn²⁺ and NH₄⁺ at various sea salt incubation conditions. Extra-added Mn²⁺ and NH₄⁺ obviously inhibited MnP production, but sea salts relieved the inhibition partially or completely. Three media were prepared: Kirk medium with addition of 0%–5% sea salts (KS medium), a high level of Mn²⁺ (300mg/l) in KS medium (HM-KS medium), and a high level of NH₄⁺ (430mg/l) in KS medium (HN-KS medium). Without addition of sea salts, the dye Poly R-478 was significantly decolorized by low MnP activity (about 200U/l) and a low level of laccase activity (about 100U/l) in KS and HM-KS media. In the cultures in which laccase activity was almost completely inhibited by 3% and 5% sea salts, MnP activity higher than 400U/l was necessary for Poly R-478 decolorization in all of the three media. We first report the linear correlation of MnP activity and decolorization of Poly R-478 under saline conditions and the effect of laccase on this relation.     

油桐DGAT2基因克隆及其RNAi双元表达载体构建

To identify the physiological function of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) coding gene in the process of tung oil biosynthesis, DGAT2 was cloned from cDNA of tung tree kernel and then linked with pMD18-T vector for sequencing. The 969bp fragment containing Open Reading Frame was acquired. Subsequently, RNAi binary expression vector pD35-DGAT2 was constructed, which expressed DGAT2 in two opposite ways. The studies provide the possibilities to further identify the function of DGAT2 in tung oil biosynthesis by RNAi technology and hold promise for genetic engineering of Venicia fordii.