Antagonism of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. on citrus root rot disease by Fusarium solani in the mekong delta of vietnam

The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch‘s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma     

Antagonism of local isolates of Trichoderna spp. on citrus root rot disease by Fusarium solani in the mekong delta of vietnam

The local isolates of Trichoderrma spp. and Fusariun solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch's postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma isolates can antagonise with Fusarium solani isolates by preventing the germination of Fusarium macroconidia in in-vitro condition. There are five promising isolates of Trichoderna spp. having high antagonism with Fusarium solani. These Trichoderma isolates also grew well in rice straws, maize stems, weeds and water hyacinth biowaste materials. These results supply the promising trend for biological control of root rot disease on citrus orchards of the Mekong delta.     

对玉米茎基腐病菌有拮抗活性木霉菌株的筛选

[目的]筛选出对玉米茎基腐病菌具有较强生物防治活性的木霉菌株。[方法]采用对峙培养法,通过抗生能力测定筛选出了对玉米茎基腐病菌有拮抗活性的木霉菌株。[结果]木霉菌株A1JY-1、A1JY-2和A1JY-3的生长速度比玉米茎基腐病菌高。A1JY-1、A1JY-2与玉米茎基腐病菌接触后玉米茎基腐病菌生长被抑制;A1JY-3与玉米茎基腐病菌接触后相互抑制,2个菌落半径均减小。A1JY-4对玉米茎基腐病菌无抑制作用。A1JY-1和A1JY-2的抑菌率高于50.0%,A1JY-3和A1JY-4的抑菌率低于50.0%。A1JY-4、A1JY-3、A1JY-2、A1JY-1的抑菌率分别为11.0%、41.0%、52.7%和54.0%,A1JY-1对玉米茎基腐的抑制率最高。A1JY-1对病菌的抑制能力比A1JY-2强。A1JY-1抗菌素原液的抑菌程度随抗菌素原液在平板中体积分数的增高而增强。经鉴定,A1JY-1为拟康氏木霉（Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai）。[结论]A1JY-1可以作为玉米茎基腐病菌的生防菌予以开发与利用。     

油菜花瓣附生真菌区系及对核盘菌拮抗作用的研究

采集油菜不同部位脱落花瓣和未脱落花瓣进行附生真菌区系的分析,得到1908个菌株．除了核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum外,其他真菌经鉴定后主要属于10个属,它们是短梗霉属Aureubas／d／umspp．、镰刀菌属Fusarium spp．、交链孢菌属Alternaria spp．、葡萄孢属Botrytis spp．、黑葱花霉属Pericorda spp．、曲霉属Aspergillus spp．、黑孢属Nigrospora spp．、青霉属Peniccillium spp．、木霉属Trichoderma spp．和附球孢菌属Epicoccum spp．．其中,短梗霉菌、镰刀菌和交链孢菌为优势真菌群．通过菌丝间的相互作用、对峙培养方法测定160个菌株对核盘菌抑制作用．结果表明,供试菌株与核盘菌之间存在重寄生作用和溶菌作用等方面的拮抗机制．并初步筛选得到了一批拮抗作用较强、定殖能力也强的菌株．     

Using of green fluorescent reporter gene (GFP) to monitor the fate of Fusarium moniliforme mycoparasitized by Trichoderma viride

Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.is a rice pathogenic fungus and causes the disease called Bakanae,which has increasingly damaged rice production in the recent years. Trichoderma spp. has been one of the most widely used biological control agent of plant disease. By geneticaly labelling F. moniliforme with the GFP reporter gene, we have studied the antagonistic action of Trichoderma viride against this pathogenic fungus. The binary GFP reporter vector pCHF3-35S∷GFP was constructed, w…     

玉米顶腐镰孢菌rDNA-ITS和EF-1a基因序列及UP-PCR遗传多样性分析

对采自辽宁省部分地区的45份玉米顶腐病病株进行分离培养,共获得89株镰孢菌,采用传统形态学分类和现代分子生物学方法,共鉴定出4个种,分别为:亚粘团镰孢菌(Fusarium subglutinans)、轮枝镰孢菌(F.verticillioides)、层生镰孢菌(F.proliferatum)和尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum).经EF-1a基因序列建立系统发育树,将顶腐镰孢菌分为4个组.用5条通用引物经UP-PCR扩增后,扩增出57条谱带,其中多态性条带53条,占总条带数的93.0%.遗传多样性分析表明,当相似系数0.626时,可将24个菌株划分为4个组,EF-1a基因序列与UP-PCR和ITS序列相比.更能体现镰孢菌种间和种内的亲缘关系及遗传差异性.     

Reduction of the Pathogenic Propagules of Fusarium profiferatum by Solar and Combined Soil Amendments

The effects of solarisation using clear, UV stabilized, 25μm low density polyethylene mulching combined with soil amendment of chicken manures 12 th^-1, mixed fungicides of Metalaxyl 2 g-Benlate 1.5 g L^-l, Biocontrol agent of Trichoderma harzianum （T.h.） and NPK fertilizer 180 Kg h^-1, on the survived micro and macrocondia of Fusarium proliferatum （Matsushita） Nirenberg were ascertained during summer 2008. Mulched treatments within 45 and 60 days significantly reduced viable propagules to 6 and 3.4 × l03 cfu1 g soil, respectively at 5 cm depth followed by 15 and 30 cm soil depth. Natural heating of dry soil reduced an initial population of 76 × 10^3 to 46.73, 49 and 49.13 × 103 cfu＇lg soil at 5, 15 and 30 cm depth, respectively. Therefore, Fusarium proliferatum reduced by 85.29 and 89.22% within 45 and 60 days compared to 38% in control aired soil. Application of mulching with T. harzianum caused a worthwhile reduction 84.37% in viable propagules, solar with low doses of Metalaxyl-Benlate further reduced Fusarium propagules at all depths 95.5%. Combining chicken manures proved its reduction of fungi cfu at 5 cm depth only, whereas NPK amendments failed in their reduction effects at various depths. However, almost 95% reduction in Fusarium propagules was achieved at various soil depths when combining Met.-Ben., with soil mulching. Combining T.h. was also proved to be significant in reducing fungus inoculum by 88.58, 96.06% at 5 and 15 cm depth. Generally, manures and NPK fertilizers amended soil found equally effective in reducing cfu of Fusarium at 5 and 15 cm depth similar to polyethylene mulching for both solar duration.     

山西省瓜类作物根茎部镰刀菌的分离与鉴定

为明确山西省瓜类作物上镰刀菌的种类,自山西省不同地区采集了具有萎蔫症状和健康的瓜类作物标本,并采用常规组织分离法对其根茎部镰刀菌进行了分离、纯化,共分离到353株镰刀菌菌株;经形态学鉴定,其分属尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、芬芳镰刀菌(F.redolens)、腐皮镰刀菌(F.solani)、轮枝镰刀菌(F.verticillioides)、层生镰刀菌(F.proliferatum)、禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum)、半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum)和锐顶镰刀菌(F.acuminatum)8个种,其中,尖孢镰刀菌为优势菌群,占镰刀菌总量的65.03%;并对这8个种进行了形态学描述。     

木霉菌株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌抑菌效果测定

[目的]明确17个木霉菌株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌1号生理小种的抑菌效果,为利用木霉菌株防治香蕉枯萎病提供依据.[方法]分别采用先接病原菌后接木霉菌、先接木霉菌后接病原菌和同时接种木霉菌和病原菌的3种接种方式,进行木霉菌株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌抑菌效果测定.[结果]3种接种方式下,木霉菌株0026 Ⅰ、00181Ⅱ①和0024Ⅱ对香蕉枯萎病菌均有较强的抑菌作用,抑菌效果在90.00%以上;0023 Ⅰ②、0028Ⅱ②和0025Ⅱ次之,抑菌效果均在80.00%以上.[结论]木霉菌株0026Ⅰ、0024Ⅱ、0018Ⅱ①、0023Ⅰ②、0028Ⅱ②和0025Ⅱ均在香蕉枯萎病生物防治中加以开发应用.     

An integrated pest management program for managing fusarium head blight disease in cereals

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a worldwide devastating disease of small grain cereals and Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is the major pathogen causing the disease. The epidemics of FHB lead to the reduction of grain yield and economic losses. Additionally, mycotoxins produced by the FHB pathogens are hazardous to the health of human and livestock. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology of FHB, and introduce effects of this disease on economy, environment and food safety. We focus on the integrated management approaches for controlling FHB including agronomic practices, resistant cultivars, chemical control, and biocontrol. In addition, we also discuss the potential novel management strategies against FHB and mycotoxin.     

利用木霉防治丹参根腐病的研究

丹参根腐病是由腐皮镰刀菌侵染引起的一种土传病害,近年来在四川的田间发病株率平均为10%～30%,严重影响到丹参的产量和品质。采集不同生态环境的丹参根际土样进行分离,获得对腐皮镰刀菌有明显拮抗作用的哈茨木霉T23、桔绿木霉T56等一批菌株。田间试验表明,T23、T56对丹参根腐病的防效分别为52 3%和55 7%,与多菌灵的防效相当。     

中药材土传病害拮抗木霉的筛选与应用初探

 用稀释平板法对51份来自不同地区、不同生态环境的丹参、川红花等10种主要川产道地中药材根际土样分离到62个木霉菌株;木霉种群以哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）为主,其次是桔绿木霉（T. citrinoriride）和拟康氏木霉（T. pseudokoningii）等。对峙法培养结果表明,木霉菌株T23,T56,T45对尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌均具有较强的拮抗作用。初步研究了T23 ,T56在田间对中药材的防病作用,木霉处理不仅能显著提高川红花、丹参的出苗率,且对其幼苗具有促生作用,对川红花枯萎病和丹参根腐病的相对防效均达50%以上。     

鸡舍基质与空气中真菌定量分析

[目的]揭示鸡舍空气与基质、基质与基质间的相关性。[方法]采用曝皿法收集某养鸡场鸡舍内空气真菌,从舍内4种基质(土壤、粪便、饲料、灰尘)采集23份样品进行分离、纯化和鉴定,通过SPSS13.0软件分析不同样本中真菌浓度的相关性。[结果]从样品中共获得2229分离株。空气中真菌浓度是1.12×104cfu/m3,其中优势真菌属为青霉属、酵母菌属和木霉属;基质中总真菌浓度是1.49×106cfu/g,其中土壤中优势菌为酵母菌,灰尘中优势菌为镰孢菌和酵母菌,粪便中优势菌为镰孢菌属和木霉属,饲料中优势菌为镰孢菌、青霉属和木霉属。[结论]空气与土壤、灰尘与粪便、灰尘与饲料、粪便与饲料的真菌浓度的相关性极大(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.838、0.944、0.923和0.933。对变量进行线性回归分析,发现空气与土壤的真菌浓度相关性显著。     

Are mycoparasitism and chitinase production species or isolate dependent in Trichoderma ?

The relationship between taxonomic status of Trichoderma spp., chitinase production in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on four media and mycoparasitism in dual culture (confrontation assay)against four plant pathogenic fungi was studied. Seventy five Trichoderma isolates belonging to 35species have been screened. The plant pathogenic fungi used in confrontation assay were Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi , Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . The SSF media contained wheat bran, crude chitin (from crab shells, SIGMA) and salt solutions. The best performing isolates in mycoparasitism tests were Trichoderma flavofuscum, T. harzianum, T.inhamatum, T. koningii and T. strigosum. Some isolates exhibiting good mycoparasitism produced chitinase in SSF only at low or medium level. In contrary there were isolates with excellent extracellular chitinase production but their biocontrol potential did not belong to the leading group.Statistical methods have been used to evaluate the data.……     

生防木霉拮抗黄瓜枯萎病菌的初步研究

木霉是一种重要的生防菌,对黄瓜枯萎病菌有很强的拮抗作用,主要作用方式有:竞争、重寄生、抗生、溶菌作用。温室盆栽试验显示,木霉可显著防治黄瓜枯萎病菌。     

木霉菌对几种植物病原菌的拮抗作用

为探明木霉对植物病原菌的拮抗作用效果,筛选出优势菌株,从长沙地区的15种作物根围采集到27份土壤样本,经室内分离、纯化得到28个木霉菌菌株.利用对峙法和稀释法测定了28个菌株对花生立枯病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、水稻恶苗病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌、白术白绢病菌的拮抗作用,得到1株对5种供试病原真菌均有强烈拮抗作用的菌株,经鉴定该菌株为哈茨木霉.对峙培养可观察到,多数情况下,接种后2 d内木霉与病原菌接触,随后覆盖或侵入病菌菌落,抑制其生长,其抑制程度随木霉孢子浓度的降低而减弱.温室盆栽试验发现,哈茨木霉对番茄立枯病防效显著,喷洒高浓度的哈茨木霉分生孢子悬浮液防效可达80%以上,且具有持续防效和刺激作物生长的作用.     

甘肃省镰孢菌的鉴定(Ⅰ)

2006-2007年在甘肃省兰州、张掖、酒泉、天水、武威等市县的21个样点采集了不同寄主植物及其根际土壤样本,经分离得到798株镰孢菌,根据其形态特征鉴定出了13种镰孢菌,其中,分离频率最高的3个种依次是木贼镰孢(Fusarium equiseti)、尖镰孢(F.oxysporum)和腐皮镰孢(F.solani),分别占总数31.58%、29.07%和13.03%.其他分离鉴定的镰孢菌包括锐顶镰孢(F.acuminatum)、芬芳镰孢(F.redolens)、轮枝镰孢(F.verticil-lioides)、层出镰孢(F.proliferatum)、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum)、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)、弯角镰孢(F.campto-ceras),这些镰孢菌的分离频率均低于10%,但高于1.5%。分离频率低于1%的镰孢菌包括三线镰孢(F.tricinctum)、燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum)及砖红镰孢(F.lateritium).     

哈茨木霉(Trichoerma harzianum)T23生防菌筛选及防治中药材根腐病的研究

研究表明,引起麦冬、丹参、川芎等中药材根腐病的主要病原种群是尖孢镰刀菌及腐皮镰刀菌．为了有效防治中药材根腐病,保护环境,提高品质和产量,通过不同生态区的土样采集,采取病原菌诱饵法及稀释平扳法分离菌株,经筛选、纯化得到抑菌拮抗效果达80％以上的哈茨木霉生防菌T23;不同剂量试验结果表明,施用哈茨木霉T23生物制剂7．5kg／hm^2效果最佳,田间防治麦冬、丹参、川芎等中药材根腐病效果达70％以上,显著优于50％多菌灵粉剂,比对照增产14．2％～24．5％．大面积防治中药材根腐病的防病增产效果与田间小区试验的一致．     

核盘菌菌核重寄生菌的分离筛选

从云南、四川、甘肃、陕西、山西、湖南、河北、北京、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古等12个省市(区)采集土样103份,采用室内菌核诱捕的方法分离得到了148个真菌菌株,分别属于12个属。其中黏帚霉属(Gliocladium spp.)77个菌株,包括4个种,占全部分离菌的52.03%,为优势种群;其次为青霉菌(Penicillium spp.)21个菌株,分离率为14.19%;镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)16个菌株,占10.81%;木霉菌(Trichoderma spp.)13个菌株,占8.78%;轮枝菌(Verticillium spp.)8个,占5.41%。对其中寄生率较高的菌株进行回接,结果表明,黏帚霉和木霉寄生核盘菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum)菌核的能力强,接种1周后导致菌核腐烂,但不同菌株之间存在差异;而镰刀菌、轮枝菌对菌核的寄生能力较差。并且,首次用菌核诱捕的方法从云南省玉溪市烟草田土壤中分离获得了一株能寄生菌核的捕食线虫丝孢菌,经鉴定为椭圆单顶孢[Monacrosporium ellipsosporum(Preuss)Cooke&Dickinson]。