甲基吡啶铬对生长肥育猪生产性能及胴体品质的影响

通过饲养试验和屠宰试验研究了甲基吡啶铬对生长肥育猪生产性能及胴体品质的影响。选择 4 8头平均体重为 3 0 .7± 3 .1kg的长白×大白×北京黑三元杂交健康生长猪 ,按单因子随机区组设计分为对照组和试验组 ,分别饲喂未加甲基吡啶铬的日粮和添加 0 .0 5 %甲基吡啶铬 (折算成铬的添加水平为2 0 0 μg/kg)的日粮。试验结果显示 :试验组平均日增重和平均日采食量与对照组无显著差异 ,但饲料转化率显著改善 1 0 .2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,屠宰率和瘦肉率分别提高了 2 .9%和 2 .0 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,第 1 0肋和最后肋背膘厚度分别下降 1 .6%和 1 3 .0 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,眼肌面积显著增加 1 3 .8% (P <0 .0 5 )     

吡啶羧酸铬对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状及血清生化指标的影响

本试验选用 40头体重约 2 8kg的杜× (大×长 )三元杂交猪 ,随机分为 4组 ,分别饲喂添加0、2 0 0、 40 0、 60 0 μg/kg铬 (吡啶羧酸铬 )的玉米—豆粕型饲粮 (生长、肥育期粗蛋白水平分别为1 7 0 %、 1 5 0 % ) ,直至体重约 95kg左右结束。结果表明 ,铬水平对生长期 (约 2 8～ 60kg)日增重、采食量、料重比无显著影响 ,也不影响血清钙、镁、钾、钠、氯、尿素氮浓度。虽然肥育阶段 (约 60～ 95kg) 40 0 μg/kg铬组的日增重和 60 0 μg/kg铬组的日增重、饲料转化效率有降低趋势 ,但各组间日增重、料重比、采食量差异不显著。铬不影响肥育猪血清镁、钾、钠、尿素氮浓度 ,但对氯、钙浓度有影响 (P <0 0 5 )。纵观全期来看 ,铬不影响生长肥育猪全期的生产性能 (P >0 0 5 )。虽然 60 0 μg/kg铬组有增加瘦肉率、降低脂肪率的趋势 ,但肥育猪各组间胴体性状无显著差别。以上结果提示 ,在本试验条件下 ,添加 2 0 0～ 60 0 μg/kg铬 (吡啶羧酸铬 )对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体性状无显著影响。     

羧酸吡啶铬对肥育猪胴体组成及肉质的影响

取体重６０ｋｇ左右健康“杜长宁”三元杂交肥育猪６０头,按饲养试验要求分成对照和试验２个处理组,饲喂相同的玉米－豆粕型日粮,其中对照组不添加羧酸吡啶铬,而试验组添加２００μｇ／ｋｇ羧酸吡啶铬。结果表明：①羧酸吡啶铬能明显改善肥育猪的胴体组成。与对照组相比,试验组胴体瘦肉率和眼肌面积分别提高了７．２６％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和７．０９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）;脂肪率、板油重和平均背膘厚度分别降低了１２．７７％（Ｐ     

半胱胺和酵母铬对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验选择25 kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交猪96头,采用2×2析因设计分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头。对照组喂基础饲粮,酵母铬(Cr)组在基础饲粮中添加酵母铬(生长期和肥育期分别添加Gr 200、300μg/kg),半胱胺(CS)组在基础饲粮中添加半胱胺(生长期和肥育期分别添加CS 120、170 mg/kg),复合组在基础饲粮中同时添加酵母铬和半胱胺(生长期和肥育期分别添加Gr 200μg+CS 120 mg/kg、Gr300μg+CS 170 mg/kg)。试验分生长期和肥育期两阶段进行,研究半胱胺和酵母铬对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,生长肥育猪饲粮中分别添加半胱胺和酵母铬,一定程度上可改善生产性能,提高日增重、降低饲料/增重比;二者同时添加时有提高日增重的趋势,但统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮中分别或同时添加半胱胺和酵母铬对胴体肌肉品质也有一定的改善作用,但统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

吡啶羧酸铬对猪的生长,血清和胴体特征的影响

前言 由于铬能提高动物和人的胰岛素活性而被认为是维持正常葡萄糖耐受性所必需的。Steele等报道(1977),含铬的合成葡萄糖耐受因子,可提高猪胰岛素活性,这种葡萄糖耐受因子对猪是有生物学活性的。但他们又报道(1982),日粮Cr对肝胰岛素结合力无影响,但可提高猪的生长率和饲料效率。铬还表现出对     

日粮中3-甲基吡啶铬、能量水平及能量来源对猪生长性能、胴体品质和血液指标的影响

为评价铬和能量对生长猪潜在的互作效果开展了两个实验 ,试验 1选用 3 6头体重 2 5～ 6 5 kg的去势公猪单独圈养 ,采用 2× 3因子试验设计 ,Cr水平为 0或 2 0 0 ppb,能量水平为代谢能需要的 70 %、80 %和 90 %。用玉米 -豆粕型基础日粮提供全部蛋白质、矿物质、维生素以及 70 %的代谢能 ,此代谢能用自由采食量的 70 %来估计。用玉米淀粉和玉米油混合物将代谢能补充到需要量的 80 %或 90 %。在试验 2中 ,选 3 0头体重 2 3～ 6 8kg的去势公猪单独圈养 ,采用 2× 4因子设计 ,Cr为 1或 2 0 0 ppb,有 4种能量来源 (无 ,玉米淀粉 ,玉米油 ,白油 )…     

N-甲基D,L-天冬氨酸对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本试验以杜长大肥育猪为试验对象 ,研究了N 甲基D ,L 天冬氨酸对其生长性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明 ,在日粮中添加 50mg/kgN 甲基D ,L 天冬氨酸使肥育猪 ( 1 )日增重提高 9.31 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,饲料转化率提高 7.1 6 % (P <0 .0 2 ) ;( 2 )胴体瘦肉率提高 6 .53% (P <0 .0 1 ) ,脂肪比率降低 1 1 .76 %(P <0 .0 1 ) ,背膘厚降低 1 9.72 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,眼肌面积提高 2 1 .0 1 % (P <0 .0 4 ) ;( 3)背最长肌、股二头肌和半膜肌重量分别增加 1 1 .3% (P <0 .0 1 )、1 0 .0 9% (P <0 .0 1 )和 1 4 .4 4% (P <0 .0 1 )。     

甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响

选用18头平均初始体重60kg左右的大白×长白杂交肥育猪为试材,采用随机区组设计,研究了甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响。研究表明,在饲粮中添加0.125%甜菜碱可以极显著地提高生长速度和饲料效率,并可降低背膘厚度。     

日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬与半胱胺复合剂对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

在日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬与半胱胺复合剂探索对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响。试验选取体重60 kg左右的杜×长×大三元健康杂交肥育猪48头,分为对照组(基础日粮)和试验组(基础日粮+0.1%吡啶羧酸铬与半胱胺复合剂),试验结果表明:在生产性能方面,试验组比对照组日采食量提高8.96%(P<0.05),日增重提高14.36%(P<0.01);在胴体品质方面,试验组比对照组屠宰率提高3.09%(P<0.05),瘦肉率提高3.39%(P<0.05),眼肌面积提高16.07%(P<0.05),背膘厚降低13.52%(P<0.05);复合剂显著提高肥育猪血清中总蛋白质(P<0.05)、白蛋白水平(P<0.05),显著降低血清中尿素氮水平(P<0.05),血糖水平呈下降趋势(P>0.05);试验组血清中生长激素水平显著提高(P<0.05),胰岛素水平显著升高(P<0.05),血清中T3水平有增加的趋势(P>0.05),血清中T4水平有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。     

我国五地区五品种生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质试验报告

在全国选择具有典型区域、气候和猪种特点的五地区五品种生长肥育猪258头,以玉米—豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,预混料统一配制,在日粮充分营养水平下测定了不同品种生长肥育猪的生产性能和胴体品质。长白×大白×北京黑猪全期(20～100kg阶段)日增重、饲料采食量、饲料转化率分别为0.76kg/d、2.14kg/d、2.74。杜×长×大猪全期日增重、饲料采食量、饲料转化率分别为0.68kg/d、2.05kg/d、3.01。杜×大×长猪全期日增重、饲料采食量、饲料转化率分别为0.72kg/d、1.78kg/d、2.56。长白×荣昌猪全期日增重、饲料采食量、饲料转化率分别为0.70kg/d、2.02kg/d、2.85。长白×哈白猪全期日增重、饲料采食量、饲料转化率分别为0.59kg/d、2.13kg/d、3.59。从总体生长情况来看,去势公猪日增重、饲料采食量有高于小母猪的趋势,饲料转化率有低于小母猪的趋势。从不同品种生长情况来看,长白×大白×北京黑猪全期生长情况好于其它各品种猪,其次为杜×大×长猪。从胴体品质来看,去势公猪与小母猪大部分胴体品质差异不显著(P>0.05),近上市体重时,杜×长×大猪瘦肉率较其它品种猪高,长白×哈白猪屠宰率较其它品种略高。     

Effect of chromium picolinate and chromium propionate on glucose and insulin kinetics of growing barrows and on growth and carcass traits of growing-finishing barrows

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary Cr tripicolinate (CrPic) or Cr propionate (CrProp) on growth, carcass traits, plasma metabolites, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in pigs. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows (12 per treatment; initial and final BW were 20 and 38 kg) were allotted to the following treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal basal diet (control), 2) as 1 + 200 ppb Cr as CrPic, or 3) as 1 + 200 ppb Cr as CrProp. Growth performance data were collected for 28 d, and then 23 pigs (seven, eight, and eight pigs for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were fitted with jugular catheters and a glucose tolerance test (500 mg glucose/kg BW) and an insulin challenge test (0.1 IU of porcine insulin/kg BW) were conducted. Both CrPic and CrProp decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI but did not affect gain:feed (P > 0.10). Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, urea N, insulin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:total cholesterol concentrations were not affected (P > 0.10) by either Cr source. Pigs fed CrPic had lower (P < 0.02) fasting plasma NEFA concentrations than control pigs, but plasma NEFA concentrations of pigs fed CrProp were not affected (P > 0.10). During the glucose tolerance test, glucose and insulin kinetics were not affected by treatment (P > 0.10). During the insulin challenge test, glucose clearance was increased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed CrProp but not affected (P > 0.10) in pigs fed CrPic. Glucose half-life was decreased (P < 0.03) in pigs fed CrPic or CrProp, but insulin kinetics were not affected (P > 0.10). In Exp. 2, 48 barrows (four replicates of four pigs per replicate; initial and final BW were 23 and 115 kg) were allotted to the same dietary treatments in a growing-finishing study. Average daily gain, ADFI, and gain:feed were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatments. Carcass length tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in pigs fed CrPic than in pigs fed CrProp, but other carcass measurements were not affected (P > 0.10). Glucose kinetics from the insulin challenge test indicate that both CrPic and CrProp increase insulin sensitivity and that both Cr sources are bioavailable.     

Effect of chromium propionate and metabolizable energy on growth,carcass traits,and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of Cr propionate (CrProp) and metabolizable energy (ME) on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs. One hundred forty-four Cambrough-22 barrows were allotted to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (six replicates of six pigs per replicate; average initial and final body weight were 27 and 113 kg, respectively). The dietary treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal basal (B; low ME), 2) B + 200 ppb of Cr (as CrProp), 3) B + 200 kcal ME/kg (4.5% added fat; high ME), or 4) B + 200 kcal ME/kg + 200 ppb of Cr. At trial termination, three pigs per replicate were killed to determine dietary effects on carcass traits and pork quality. Overall average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed ratio were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. During the early growing period, average daily gain was increased in pigs fed the CrProp-low-ME diets, but decreased in pigs fed the CrProp-high ME diets (Cr x ME, P < 0.04). Feed intake was increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the high-ME diets during the early growing period. Forty-five min and 24 h pH were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. The CIE L* tended (P = 0.07) to be increased and shear force tended (P = 0.06) to be decreased in pigs fed high-ME diets. Subjective marbling was increased (P < 0.03) and longissimus muscle percentage moisture and thaw loss were decreased (P < 0.04) in pigs fed CrProp. Chromium propionate had no consistent effect on growth and carcass traits in this experiment; however, CrProp did affect some aspects of pork quality.     

Effect of different protein sources on growth and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs

Crossbred gilts (n = 180) and barrows (n = 180) from the Louisiana State University (LSU) Agricultural Center and the University of Illinois (UI) were used to compare the effect of soybean meal in swine diets, relative to other protein sources, on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. Four replications with five pigs each at each location were allotted to nine dietary treatments: soybean meal control (SBM), crystalline AA (corn-AA), extruded soybeans (ESB), canola meal (CAN), peanut meal (PNT), sunflower meal (SFLR), ground peas, meat and bone meal (MBM), and poultry by-product meal (PLTY). The diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC nutrient requirements and to have equal Lys:ME according to dietary phase and sex. Corn was the grain source in all diets and the protein sources were the sole source of supplemental protein in all diets except when AA were added to meet the requirement. Pigs (three per pen at each location) were killed at an average final BW of 114 kg in the LSU or UI Meat Science Laboratories. Pigs fed SBM had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the corn-AA, CAN, SFLR, MBM, or PLTY and greater (P < 0.05) ADFI relative to pigs fed the corn-AA, ESB, MBM, or PLTY. Gain:feed was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed corn-AA or SFLR but increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed ESB compared with pigs fed the SBM diet. Loin muscle area was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the corn-AA or MBM diets compared with pigs fed the SBM diet. Tenth-rib backfat thickness was greater (P < 0.10) in pigs fed corn-AA, peas, or MBM than in those fed SBM. The NPPC percentage acceptable quality lean and kilograms of lean were decreased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed corn-AA, peas, or MBM compared with those fed SBM. Results from this experiment suggest that pigs fed SBM have equal or better growth performance and carcass traits than pigs fed other protein sources.     

Effects of chromium propionate on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Cr propionate (CrProp) on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of crossbred finishing gilts. Dietary treatments were 0 or 200 ppb Cr (as CrProp; as-fed basis), and each treatment was replicated four times with five gilts per replicate pen. Gilts were fed diets containing 0.82% lysine from 73 to 80 kg BW and 0.64% lysine from 80 to 115 kg BW. At the end of the trial, carcass and pork quality data were collected from four gilts per replicate. Average daily gain, ADFI, and G:F were not affected (P = 0.76 to 0.96) by CrProp. Before delivery at the abattoir, shrink loss was determined after an 18-h fast (fasting shrink) and after hauling (shipping shrink) pigs for 2.66 h (209.2 km). Fasting, shipping, and overall shrink were not affected (P = 0.14 to 0.39) by CrProp. Carcass length was increased (P = 0.03) in pigs fed CrProp. Loin muscle area, 10th-rib backfat thickness, average backfat thickness, dressing percent, muscle score, fat-free lean, and percent lean were not affected (P = 0.18 to 0.95) by CrProp. Twenty-four-hour loin pH was increased (P = 0.10) in pigs fed CrProp, but 45-min loin and ham pH and 24-h ham pH were not affected (P = 0.39 to 0.83) by CrProp. Subjective (color, marbling, firmness, and wetness) and objective (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*, a*, b*) assessments of the loin muscle (at the 10th-rib interface) were not affected (P = 0.62 to 0.99) by CrProp. Forty-eight-hour drip (P = 0.10) and 21-d purge loss (P = 0.01) were decreased in pigs fed CrProp, but cook and total loss (drip + cook loss) and shear force were not affected (P = 0.35 to 0.53) by CrProp. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations were not affected (P = 0.28 to 0.97) by CrProp after transportation or during exsanguination. These data indicate that CrProp may improve some aspects of pork quality (loin pH, drip and purge loss) but not growth performance or carcass traits.     

Effect of chromium propionate on growth, carcass traits, pork quality, and plasma metabolites in growing-finishing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary Cr, as Cr propionate, on growth, carcass traits, pork quality, and plasma metabolites in growing-finishing swine. Ninety-six crossbred gilts (Exp. 1; initial and final BW of 28 [SEM = 0.41] and 109 [SEM = 2.11] kg) or 144 PIC Cambrough 22 barrows (Exp. 2; initial and final BW of 26 [SEM = 0.39] and 111 [SEM = 2.52] kg) were allotted to six or four dietary treatments, respectively, with six replications and four (Exp. 1) or six (Exp. 2) pigs in each replicate pen blocked by weight in randomized complete block designs. The six dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), 2) C-SBM + 50 ppb Cr, 3) C-SBM + 100 ppb Cr, 4) C-SBM + 200 ppb Cr, 5) C-SBM low NE diet, and 6) C-SBM low NE diet + 200 ppb Cr. The four dietary treatments for Exp. 2 were C-SBM with 0, 100, 200, or 300 ppb Cr. Growth, carcass traits, and plasma metabolite (collected on d 29 and at each phase change) data were taken at the end of both experiments and pork quality data were taken at the end of Exp. 1. There was no effect (P > 0.10) on overall growth performance when pigs were fed graded levels of Cr (Exp. 1 and 2) or Cr in the positive control or low NE diets (Exp. 1). Longissimus muscle area, ham weight, ham fat-free lean, and total carcass lean were increased in pigs fed 200 ppb in the positive control diets but decreased in pigs fed 200 ppb Cr in the low NE diets (Cr x NE, P < 0.08). There was no effect of Cr concentration (P > 0.10) on carcass traits in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, cook loss of a fresh or a frozen chop was decreased (P < 0.10) by 200 ppb Cr. In Exp. 1, NEFA concentration was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed Cr in the positive control or low NE diets during the early-finishing period. In Exp. 2, the addition of Cr decreased NEFA (quadratic, P < 0.09) and plasma urea N (linear, P < 0.02) concentrations and tended to increase total cholesterol and high density lipoproteins (quadratic, P < 0.09). In these experiments, Cr propionate had no effect on overall growth performance, variable effects on carcass traits and plasma metabolites, and some positive effects on pork quality, especially water holding capacity of a fresh or frozen chop.     

Effect of carbohydrate source on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of substituting a more available dietary carbohydrate (CHO) for portions of corn or fat in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and serum or plasma metabolites in growing-finishing pigs. A three-phase feeding program was used with corn-soybean meal diets formulated to provide 105% of the Lys requirement for barrows or gilts gaining 325 g of lean daily in Exp. 1 or gilts gaining 350 g of lean daily in Exp. 2. Diets were isoenergetic within experiments. All other nutrients met or exceeded suggested requirements. In Exp. 1, pigs were allotted to three dietary treatments (0, 7.5, or 15.0% sucrose), with three replications of barrows and three replications of gilts, and with three or four pigs per replicate pen; average initial and final BW were 25.2 and 106.7 kg. In Exp. 2, gilts were allotted to two dietary treatments (waxy [high amylopectin] or nonwaxy [75% amylopectin and 25% amylose] corn as the grain source), with five replications of four gilts per replicate pen; average initial and final BW were 37.7 and 100.0 kg. In Exp. 1, ADG and gain:feed ratio increased linearly (P < 0.02) as dietary sucrose increased. Minolta color scores, a* and b*, and drip loss (P < 0.06) also increased linearly with added sucrose. In Exp. 2, ADG, carcass weight and length, and the Minolta a* value were greater for pigs fed waxy corn (P < 0.08) than for those fed nonwaxy corn. Feed intake, longissimus muscle area, 10th-rib and average backfat thickness, dressing percentage, fat-free lean, percentage of lean and muscling, lean gain per day, total fat, percentage fat, lean:fat ratio, serum or plasma metabolites (Exp. 1: serum urea N; Exp. 2: serum urea N, and plasma nonesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and total protein), pH of the longissimus muscle, and subjective muscle scores (color, firmness-wetness, and marbling) were not affected by diet in either experiment. In summary, increasing availability of dietary CHO in growing-finishing pig diets improved growth performance, but it did not affect carcass traits.     

不同能量水平下三种有机铬对生长肥育猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响

将吡啶羧酸铬、烟酸铬、酵母铬分别以0.2mg/kg的浓度添加到两种不同能量水平的饲料中,探讨在两种能量水平下,3种有机铬对生长育肥猪的生长性能和肉品质的影响。结果显示,这6种饲料对生长肥育猪的日增重、料重比的差异显著(P<0.05);对45minpH值、滴水损失、背膘厚的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对24hpH值、嫩度、眼肌面积、肉色的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。     

能量和蛋白来源对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响

试验旨在探讨饲粮能量和蛋白来源对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清生化指标、胴体性状以及肉质的影响。试验采用2×2因子试验设计,选取DLY育肥猪60头[平均体重(81±7.89) kg],随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复3头猪。饲粮能量来源包括玉米和小麦,饲粮蛋白来源包括豆粕和菜粕。4个处理分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型、玉米-菜粕型、小麦-豆粕型、小麦-菜粕型饲粮,试验期28 d。结果表明:①4种饲粮对猪平均日采食量和平均日增重无显著影响(P0.05),但玉米豆粕组的料重比显著低于其余3组(P0.05)。②能量和蛋白来源显著影响养分的消化率。与小麦饲粮相比,玉米饲粮极显著提高了粗脂肪、干物质、灰分、钙和磷的消化率以及能量的利用率(P0.01);与豆粕饲粮相比,菜粕饲粮极显著提高了钙、磷的消化率和能量的利用率(P0.01),显著提高了干物质的消化率(P0.05)。③与豆粕饲粮相比,菜粕饲粮极显著提高了猪血清尿素氮的含量(P0.01);与小麦饲粮相比,玉米饲粮显著提高了猪血清总蛋白水平,显著降低了胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ水平。④玉米豆粕组的眼肌面积显著高于玉米菜粕组(P0.05);与玉米菜粕组相比,小麦菜粕组显著降低了肌肉的蒸煮损失(P0.05),显著提高了肌内脂肪含量(P0.05)。由此可见,4种饲粮对育肥猪的生长性能无显著影响,但显著影响猪养分的表观消化率,且对育肥猪胴体性状、肉质有一定的影响。