基于SELDI-TOF-MS技术的奶牛乳热血浆蛋白质组学分析

奶牛乳热是围产期奶牛营养代谢性疾病,对于奶牛乳热在病理方面少有血浆蛋白质组学的研究。本研究目的是探究奶牛乳热在蛋白质组学层面的变化。试验21头患有奶牛乳热的奶牛和59头健康奶牛作为试验动物。试验通过SELDI-TOF-MS技术检验得到24个差异肽段的峰值,其中10个肽段经过Swissport Protein数据库搜索鉴定为10种差异蛋白。结果相对于对照组,乳热组中表达上调的蛋白4个;表达下调的蛋白2个;还有既表达上调又表达下调的蛋白4个。结论本次试验应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术鉴定了几个在奶牛发生乳热时表达的差异蛋白质。这些发现也为以后揭示奶牛乳热代谢性改变提供了依据。     

奶牛产乳热影响因子及预防措施

产乳热是奶牛产犊后泌乳造成血钙水平下降而引发的营养代谢性疾病,其发生病率非常高,对奶牛健康和生产性能影响较大。产乳热增加了奶牛生育性炎症、生殖障碍和内分泌、消化等方面疾病发生的几率,对养殖业造成很大的损失。影响奶牛产乳热的因素有很多,不仅包括奶牛品种、年龄、体况评分、产乳热史等牛自身因子,也包括饲养管理层面的因素,如泌乳天数、干奶期、产犊间隔的控制及奶牛饲料营养水平的调控,还与气候、环境等外界因素相关,这些影响因子往往相互交织,增加了奶牛产乳热的预防和治疗难度。作者综述了奶牛产乳热的发病机理,分析研究了各种因子对奶牛产乳热的影响机制,并介绍了几种预防措施,主要包括对奶牛饲养环境的管理、产犊间隔和泌乳情况的控制和奶牛不同阶段饲料营养水平的调控,以期为降低奶牛产乳热提供理论依据。     

Blood culture status in mature horses with diarrhoea: A possible association with survival

Reasons for performing study: The incidence and implications of positive blood cultures in mature horses with diarrhoea is unknown. The diagnosis of bacteraemia may alter treatment and prognosis. Hypothesis: The proportion of horses with diarrhoea that are blood culture positive is higher than previously assumed and a positive blood culture has a negative impact on survival. Methods: Blood cultures were taken at admission and 24 h after admission from 31 mature horses with diarrhoea. Results: Nine (29%) horses were blood culture positive within 24 h of admission. Organisms isolated included Corynebacterium spp. (n = 6), Streptococcus spp. (n = 2), Pantoea agglomerans (n = 1), Gram‐negative rod (n = 1), Bacillus spp. (n = 1) and yeast (n = 1). Horses with positive blood cultures were significantly less likely to survive. Prior treatment with antimicrobial drugs had no significant effect on blood culture status. Horses with positive blood cultures had a significantly higher heart rate, packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma potassium concentration at admission, and a higher PCV and lower total plasma protein concentration 24 h after admission. Conclusions: Positive blood cultures occur more frequently than previously reported, and may have a negative impact on survival in horses with diarrhoea. Potential relevance: Results of blood cultures may be useful in formulating a prognosis for horses with diarrhoea. Further research is required to determine the effect of antimicrobial treatment on outcome.     

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia: possible association with Ancylostoma caninum infection in three dogs

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) may be primary or secondary. In primary IMHA, no underlying cause can be found, whereas secondary IMHA is triggered by an underlying cause, such as neoplasia, infectious diseases, or drugs. This paper describes 3 dogs with typical signs of IMHA that was possibly associated with the intestinal parasite Ancylostoma caninum. As intestinal helminths can be difficult to diagnose on faecal examination, it would be pertinent to perform multiple faecal examinations on any animal that has IMHA with no apparent underlying cause, as part of the therapy.     

Prevention of Milk Fever by Dietary Means: The Effect of a Concentrate Fortified with Mineral Salts

A concentrate was fortified with mineral salts by adding CaCl₂, Al₂(SO₄)₃ and MgSO₄ to standard concentrate A and pelleting the product When used as feed supplement from 3 weeks pre partum to 1 week post partum this concentrate mixture produced the intended negative alkali alkalinity in the total feed ration in 20 out of 25 cows. Of these 17 remained healthy in spite of a history of milk fever for the majority of them. Two cows got milk fever and 1 showed weak symptoms.     

Acetylcholine-induced contractions in the porcine internal mammary artery: possible role of muscarinic receptors

The effect of acetylcholine on the isolated, non-precontracted, porcine internal mammary artery (IMA) was investigated. Acetylcholine induced concentration-dependent contractions of non-precontracted IMA rings with denuded endothelium (pEC50 = 5.80 +/- 0.04) and was without effect on arterial segments with intact endothelium. The muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine, pirenzepine, methoctramine and p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-diphenidol (pFHHSiD) antagonized the response to acetylcholine. The constrained pA2 values were 10.14, 7.74, 7.34 and 10.5, respectively. It is concluded that acetylcholine induces concentration-dependent contractions of porcine internal mammary artery rings on basal tone and that this contractile effect is probably due to direct cholinergic stimulation of smooth muscle cells, maybe including activation of muscarinic M1 receptors.     

Levels of oestrone sulphate during pregnancy in different breeds of cows and its possible association with retained foetal membranes.

The levels of oestrone sulphate in plasma of pregnant cows was followed from 30 days of pregnancy until parturition. The Swedish Jersey Breed (SJB) showed significantly lower levels of oestrone sulphate between 101 and 200 days of pregnancy than either the Swedish Red and White (SRB) or the Swedish Lowland Breed (SLB). No significant difference was noted between SRB and SLB. On days 141-160 of gestation the oestrone sulphate values were still below the 10 nmol/l level for the SJB while they were above this level for the SRB and the SLB, and the difference was significant. In the SJB, levels above 10 nmol/l were reached on days 161-180 of gestation. In the second part of this study the levels of oestrone sulphate were measured around parturition in SRB cows. At parturition, the levels of oestrone sulphate rose to peak values of 79.9 +/- 5.2 nmol/l and then decreased to 6.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/l on the day after calving. In one cow peak values of 66.0 nmol/l were reached 2 days prior to parturition, and subsequently dropped to 7.0 nmol/l at parturition. This cow had retained foetal membranes. A possible relationship between low oestrone sulphate levels prior to parturition and retained foetal membranes is discussed.     

日粮阳阴离子负平衡对预防奶牛围产期产褥热的影响(英文)

奶牛在围产期需经历内分泌、营养、代谢及生理状态上的一系列变化以适应分娩及泌乳的起动.如果营养管理不能较好的满足这些变化,那么奶牛则面临着发生各种围产期疾病的威胁.产褥热是一种常见的营养代谢病,多发于高龄及高产奶牛.奶牛分娩和泌乳的起动造成低血钙症,而当从肠道吸收的和从骨骼中动用的钙不能完全补充从血液中动用的血钙量时,产褥热就会发生.而有效的预防措施是减少产褥热带来经济损失的最佳途径.其中最常用的有效预防方法之一是饲喂阴离子日粮,即使得日粮阳阴离子负平衡(DCAD).这主要是由于日粮负离子平衡引起奶牛轻微的代谢酸中毒,并激发对骨钙的动员和吸收.然而,饲喂阴离子日粮亦存在一些问题:主要是其适口性较差,故可能降低干物质采食量.因此对于阴离子日粮饲喂管理的监控则十分重要,而尿液pH提供了一种有效且相对准确的用来判定添加是否适当的标准.此外,还对近年来此领域相关的研究结果进行了论述和探讨,以便读者了解利用日粮负离子平衡预防围产期奶牛产褥热发生的相关知识.     

Mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas isolated from ducks and their possible association with pasteurellas

Two hundred and sixty-three cases of clinically diseased ducks of all ages were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas belonging to more than eight serogroups were cultured from 68 of them, and comprised 12 M anatis, one M columbinasale, two M gallinaceum, two M gallinarum, nine M synoviae, three unidentified Mycoplasma species, 37 Acholeplasma laidlawii and one unclassified acholeplasma belonging to each of serogroups 7 and 8. They were identified by biochemical characterisation, disc growth inhibition and agar gel diffusion tests. Fifty-three (78 per cent) of the isolates occurred with species of Pasteurella: 33.8 per cent with Pasteurella anatipestifer, 32.4 per cent with P multocida and 11.8 per cent with both P anatipestifer and P multocida. Nine of the isolates (13.2 per cent) were in pure culture and six (8.8 per cent) with other agents. Of the ducks negative for mycoplasmas 33.3 per cent were infected with P anatipestifer, 25.1 per cent with P multocida and 14.4 per cent with both P anatipestifer and P multocida. There was no correlation between the infections with mycoplasmas and P anatipestifer but there was a weak association between the infections with mycoplasmas, especially M anatis and P multocida.     

Dilated cardiomyopathy in cats: survey of veterinary cardiologists and retrospective evaluation of a possible association with diet

Introduction/objectivesThe objectives were to conduct a survey of cardiologists on their recent experiences with cats that have dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to retrospectively review individual cases of feline DCM.Animals, materials and methodsPart one: A survey was distributed to cardiologists with questions regarding caseload and clinical management of cats with DCM diagnosed over the past two years. Part two: Cardiologists completing the survey were invited to submit data from cats recently diagnosed with DCM. Data on signalment, clinical signs, diet, echocardiographic measurements and outcome were recorded.ResultsPart one: From 52 completed surveys, many cardiologists responded that measuring and supplementing taurine and recommending a diet change in cats with DCM are common practices. Few (15%) cardiologists reported an increase in the number of feline DCM cases over the past two years, although some had cases that improved even if taurine deficiency was not present. Part two: Twenty of 37 (54%) cats ate low pea/lentil (low PL) diets, and 14/37 (38%) ate high PL diets at the time of diagnosis; three had incomplete diet information. Two of 13 cats (15%) in which taurine was measured had levels below the reference range. After adjusting for other variables, cats eating high PL diets that changed diets after diagnosis had a significantly longer survival time than that of cats eating high PL diets that did not change diets after diagnosis (P = 0.025).ConclusionsAdditional research is warranted to determine whether there could be a possible association between diet and DCM in cats.     

抗猪瘟免疫球蛋白在猪初乳中变化规律研究

以猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫空怀母猪,待母猪分娩后,分别收集10d内的乳汁,以建立的间接ELISA法检测猪瘟IgA、IgG、IgM水平,并观察各种抗体动态变化规律。试验结果表明,猪初乳中的IgA、IgG、IgM抗体效价均在分娩当天达到最高值,随后迅速下降,7d后抗体水平与常乳基本一致(>0.05)。对照组母猪仅在分娩当天检测到较低的抗体水平。     

钙磷镁注射液对奶牛产前产后瘫痪的治疗试验

本文选用钙磷镁注射液治疗奶牛产前产后瘫痪,结果显示,对于产前瘫痪的治疗效果,500mL钙磷镁注射液、100mL钙磷镁注射液、600mL葡萄酸钙注射液治愈率分别为67%、50%和40%;对于生产瘫痪,钙磷镁注射液500mL、1000mL、2000mL和葡萄糖酸钙注射液1500mL治愈率分别为40%、50%、33%和80%。由此可见,治疗产前瘫痪的首选药物是钙磷镁注射液,治疗生产瘫痪的首选药物是葡萄糖酸钙注射液。     

Prevalence and mortality rate of peste des petitis ruminant (ppr): possible association with abortion in goat

Present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and mortality (%) caused by Peste des Petitis Ruminant (PPR) and its possible association with abortion in goat flocks at different areas of Pakistan. A total of 140 animals were samples in the population of 650 which was having 185 deaths (Mortality rate = 28 %) from three different regions of the country. There were 58 abortions in the 140 pregnant goats of above said population One hundred & ten (110) serum samples from diseased, recovered and apparently healthy animals were tested for the presence of PPR antibodies by competitive ELISA (c ELISA). Eighty-four (84) animals were positive for PPR antibodies whereas in apparently healthy adult goats in the same flock, no PPR antibodies were detected. Twenty-four (24) tissue samples collected from the dead animals and six samples from aborted fetus were tested for the presence of PPR antigen by Immuno-capture ELISA (Ic ELISA). Nineteen (19) out of thirty (30) organ samples mainly from lung, spleen, lymph node were found positive for PPR antigen but negative from lungs of aborted fetus. There was a high rate of abortions (28–45 %) in each of the outbreak and it was highest in the outbreak of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (No. = 21 in total population of 100). As the serum samples from the aborted dams were found positive for PPR antibodies so the study provides the possible association of mortality and prevalence of PPR disease with high rate of abortions in goat.     

超滤技术及其在乳品工业中的应用

超滤是一种新型膜分离技术，近30年来发展十分迅速。本文介绍了超滤技术的基本原理、特点及其在乳品工业中的应用，并对其应用前景作了展望。     

Paratuberculosis in sheep: its possible role in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in cattle

A total of 50 sheep originating from 15 Dutch farms with a known paratuberculosis infection in their cattle herd, but with no history of paratuberculosis infection in their sheep flock, were examined for infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The sheep had been grazing on the same pastures as the cattle or on pastures fertilised with manure from these cows. The sheep were screened for paratuberculosis by serum biochemistry, serology and intradermal skin tests. At necropsy they were examined macroscopically, microscopically and bacteriologically for paratuberculosis.From 10 sheep, originating from eight flocks, Map could be isolated from various tissues but not from the intestinal contents, after an incubation period of 2.5-4 months. Six of these culture-positive sheep had no macroscopic signs of paratuberculosis at necropsy. Seven sheep were Map culture negative but showed macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with a paratuberculosis infection. Results of serology and skin tests did not correlate with the results of bacteriological culture. Serum concentrations of calcium, albumin and total protein of the infected, suspected and negative sheep were not different. These results indicate that a substantial number of the sheep examined were infected with Map. Even though this bacterium was not isolated from their faeces, the possibility that these sheep could have been shedding Map with their faeces below detection level or at a later stage of the disease cannot be eliminated. Map infected sheep should, therefore, be considered as a possible factor in the epidemiology of with Map infected cattle herds in The Netherlands. At necropsy bacteriological culture of Map should be performed on a routine basis to improve the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sheep.     

中国家禽业走向非洲

这是一片古老而神奇的的土地,尼罗河孕育了人类文明,培育了世界文明古国之一埃及,诞生了宏伟的金字塔、狮身人面像……这里蕴藏着丰富的矿产、水力、农业和林业资源。世界上最重要的50种矿产非洲都不缺少,其中至少有17种矿产蕴藏量位居世界第一。甚至连被称为“不毛之地”的撒哈拉沙漠,也是一个巨大的能源宝库,蕴藏着大量可供开采的石油,非洲正是依靠这些丰富的自然资源发展、成长。上世纪50年代以来,非洲人民相继摆脱了长达400多年的殖民主义,独立开展农业、工业等社会生产。非洲有53个国家,7亿人口,每年贸易额2500亿美元。非洲因为工业落后,大部分商品依靠进口,因此市场需求旺盛,商品奇缺,是一个多层次且潜力巨大市场。非洲的商机多多,中非之间贸易潜力巨大,吸引了众多中国商人从俄罗斯、罗马尼亚、匈牙利等地转战非洲。     

Canine primary hyperparathyroidism and its association with urolithiasis

Primary hyperparathyroidism results from autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone by a single or multiple parathyroid glands. Clinical signs result from various combinations of hypercalcemia, hypercalcemic nephropathy, urolithiasis, or mobilization of calcium and phosphorus from bone. Following parathyroidectomy, the prognosis for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism is good if the disorder is diagnosed before renal disease is advanced.