试验性脂肪肝出血综合征鸡氧化应激水平和内皮功能变化

将320只14日龄青脚麻鸡随机分为对照组、高脂模型组、雌激素模型组和高脂结合雌激素模型组,每组设4个重复,每个重复20只,共处理28 d.造模14、28 d,测定肝脏氧化应激、血清肝功能和内皮功能相关参数,并进行肝脏病理组织学观察.结果显示,模型组鸡肝脂含量增加、肝细胞脂肪变性,肝脏血管损伤,出现典型的鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)病变;与对照组相比,各模型组肝脏MDA含量升高(P＜0.05),SOD和GSH-Px活性降低,血浆AngⅡ含量增加,血清NO含量降低;相关性分析显示,肝脏脂肪变性程度与肝脏MDA含量正相关(P＜0.01),与肝脏SOD和GSH Px活性呈负相关(P＜0.01);肝脏MDA含量与肝出血分数和血浆AngⅡ含量皆有极显著的相关性(P＜0.01);肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性与肝出血分数呈负相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),与血清NO含量的变化均呈正相关(P＜0.05);血浆AngⅡ含量与肝出血分数呈正相关(P＜0.05).结果表明,FLHS发生和发展过程中氧化应激参与了内皮功能紊乱的形成,血管损伤可能与氧化应激和内皮功能失调有关.     

鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)的中药防治

脂肪肝出血综合征(Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome,FLHS)是由于饲料中营养物质过剩而某些微量营养成分不足或不平衡,造成鸡体内代谢机能紊乱而引起的,以肝脏发生脂肪变性出血而急性死亡为特征的疾病.     

基于肠道微生物探讨蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征的研究进展

蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)是常发生于高产蛋鸡的营养代谢病,其临床表现主要为蛋鸡脂质代谢紊乱引起的肝脏脂质沉积、产蛋量骤降及急性死亡,造成严重经济损失,是当前集约化养殖需要重点关注的疾病。肠道微生物作为参与机体生长发育、免疫代谢的重要角色,参与宿主的脂质合成与转运,保持肠道屏障的完整性以避免有害物质通过血液循环损伤肝脏并影响其功能,同时肠道微生物代谢产物的丰减与转化方向也会对肝脏健康产生或好或坏的影响。目前认为FLHS的发病机制主要包括营养、遗传、激素、肠道微生物等多种因素,“肠-肝轴”也受到当前治疗肝脏疾病的广泛关注。作者以肠道微生物为切入点,通过对蛋鸡常见肠道微生物及其与脂质代谢相关的功能进行总结,回顾了肠道微生物在脂质代谢与FLHS方面的相关研究,着重介绍了肠道微生物及其代谢产物在FLHS发生发展过程中可能产生的作用机理,以期从肠道微生物的角度解释FLHS的可能发病机制,并在生产实践中找到通过调节肠道微生物预防或治疗FLHS的方法,推动养禽业的发展。     

氟化物对鸡甲状腺激素代谢的影响

选用 1日龄蛋鸡 2 5 0只 ,随机分为 5组 ,每组 5 0只 ,饲喂相同的全价日粮。第 1组为正常对照组 ;第 2、3、4、5组在日粮中添加不同量的氟化钠 ,使日粮中氟的含量分别为 5 0 0、10 0 0、15 0 0、2 0 0 0 m g/ kg。试验期 15 0 d。每隔 30 d采集血样 ,测定血清中氟、甲状腺激素 (T3、T4 )的含量 ,观察试验鸡的临床表现。结果表明 ,本试验成功地复制出了不同程度的鸡慢性氟中毒模型 ;各氟中毒组鸡血清中 T4 含量在整个试验期内均低于对照组 ,且呈明显的剂量—效应关系 ;在早期 ,各中毒组血清 T3含量不同程度地高于对照组 ,而中、后期则低于对照组 ,且与血清中氟含量呈显著的负相关(r=- 0 .85 3,P<0 .0 1)。由此可见 ,氟中毒明显破坏机体内甲状腺激素的代谢 ,影响甲状腺机能的正常发挥。     

鸡脂肪肝综合征

综述了鸡脂肪肝综合征的病因、发病机理、症状及其病变,并提出了治疗及预防措施.     

鸡脂肪肝综合征

综述了鸡脂肪肝综合征的病因，发病机理，症状及其病变，并提出了治疗及预防措施。     

鸡脂肪肝综合征的防治

鸡脂肪肝综合症又叫脂肪肝出血综合征,常发于产蛋母鸡的产蛋高峰期,是本县常见的一种慢性、营养代谢性疾病,尤其是笼养蛋鸡群,多数情况是鸡体况良好,发病初期并无临床表现,随着脂肪在肝脏中的不断聚集,随后才逐步表现出临床症状,如果未及时发现,会出现大面积死亡。死亡鸡腹腔及皮下大量脂肪蓄积,肝被膜下有血凝块为特征。公鸡极少发生。     

肉鸡脂肪肝综合征血液流变学和生化指标变化的研究

用高脂肪日粮饲喂45日龄三黄肉鸡，建立脂肪肝综合征（fatty liver syndrome, FLS）病理模型，系统观察了FLS鸡血液流变学和生化指标的变化规律。与正常对照鸡比较，FLS鸡全血黏度、血浆黏度、全血高切还原黏度、全血低切还原黏度、全血高切相对指数、全血低切相对指数显著升高（P〈0．01），ESR血沉、血沉方程k值降低（P〈0．01）；血清甘油三酯含量、总胆固醇含量、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性以及肝脂肪含量和肝指数明显升高（P〈0．01）。     

人工诱发产蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征的研究

通过外源性注射雌激素、高能低蛋白日粮及不同油脂来源的高能日粮人工诱发蛋鸡FLHS。90只40周龄海兰灰商品蛋鸡常规笼养,随机分为9组（10×9）：基础日粮组、基础日粮注射玉米油组、基础日粮注射β-雌二醇组;高能低蛋白日粮组、高能低蛋白注射玉米油组、高能低蛋白日粮注射伊雌二醇组;牛油高能日粮组、鸡油高能目粮组、豆油高能日...     

Effects of a high energy and low protein diet on hepatic and plasma characteristics and Cidea and Cidec mRNA expression in liver and adipose tissue of laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome

Cidea and Cidec are two members of Cell death‐inducing DNA fragmentation factor‐alpha‐like effector family proteins, which could be involved in lipid or fat metabolism. To better understand the roles of Cidea and Cidec in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), 150 healthy 155‐day‐old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into control group (fed with basic diet) and experimental group (fed with high‐energy low‐protein [HELP] diet). Analysis of the liver by tissue sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the HELP diet induced micro‐vesicular steatosis in laying hens. Subsequently, based on the liver color scores and the range of lipid accumulation observed in histological examination, we classified livers with <50% vacuolization as mild FLHS and >50% as severe FLHS. The results showed that the levels of Cidea and Cidec mRNA expression were markedly elevated in the liver and adipose tissues with FLHS and the levels of Cidea and Cidec mRNA expression in the liver with severe FLHS were significantly higher than that in the liver with mild FLHS. Thus, the present study revealed that the Cidea and Cidec genes may be involved in pathways of FLHS formation.     

Improving effect of dietary soybean phospholipids supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens

In order to investigate the effect of dietary soybean phospholipid supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in layers, 135 300‐day‐old Hyline Brown layers were randomly divided into three groups (control, pathology and prevention), and each group had 45 layers with three replicates. Birds in the three groups were respectively fed the control diet, high‐energy low‐protein diet and high‐energy high‐protein diet affixed with 3% soybean phospholipid instead of maize. Results showed in the 30th day, birds’ livers in the pathology group became yellowish, enlarged in size and had hemorrhagic spots, while the prevention and control groups’ layers did not have such pathological changes. Contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein – cholesterol, non‐esterified fatty acid and malondialdehyde in serum or liver homogenate in prevention and control groups were remarkably lower than those in the pathology group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), as with the activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (P < 0.01); high‐density lipoprotein – cholesterol value was strikingly higher than that of the pathology group (P < 0.01). It is suggested dietary soybean phospholipids supplement may effectively improve hepatic and blood indexes relevant to FLHS, which provides a new point for preventing FLHS occurrence rate in laying flocks and treating human non‐alcohol fatty liver disease.     

Independent and combined effects of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils and acetic acid on prevalence and intensity of fatty liver syndrome in broiler chickens

Two hundred fifty two male Ross 308 broiler chicks were raised to examine the effects of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO; 0, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/bird/day) administrated via oral gavage and dietary supplementation of acetic acid (AA; 0 or 20 g/kg) in a 6 × 2 factorial fashion using a complete randomized block design with seven replicates of three birds each. In Day 34 of age, liver fat percentage decreased by increasing SkEO levels in a quadratic trend (p < .05). Oral gavag of 200 and 300 mg of SkEO decreased AST activity by 16.67% and 16.94%, respectively, compared with the control birds (p < .05). In Day 38 of age, liver percentage was greater by 0.37% in the birds received 400 mg SkEO than those given 500 mg (p < .05). Liver fat percentage decreased in the birds fed the acidified diet and received 300 and 500 mg SkEO as well as in the birds offered 200 and 400 mg of SkEO and fed non-acidified diet than those received acidified diet with no SkEO administration (p < .05). Prevalence of score zero for hepatocytic vacuolations and necrosis was 80.00% and 42.42% in the birds receiving 600 mg SkEO respectively. Median for relative frequency of scores for hepatocytic vacuolations and hepatocytic necrosis was lesser in the birds received SkEO by oral gavage compared with that of control birds (p < .05). In conclusion, administration of SkEO via oral gavage reduced liver fat in broiler chicken but no consistent dosage could be verified as the effective dosage for all ages concerned. The acidified diet per se showed no evident effect on liver fat at all ages considered. The SkEO × AA interaction exhibited promising but unreliable effects on liver colour score in market age (42 days).     

Total lipid and triacylglycerol contents in the liver of broiler and layer chickens at embryonic stages and hatching

To compare the hepatic function of broiler and layer chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) at various embryonic stages and hatching, the total lipid and triacylglycerol (TG) content were determined. The chicken embryos accumulated a large amount of lipids in the liver and the total lipid content gradually increased toward hatching, though no significant difference was observed between broilers and layers. The TG contents in the liver increased considerably with developmental stage. At embryonic day 14 the TG content in the liver was similar between broilers and layers; thereafter, it was 1.3 and 2.2 times higher in broilers than in layers at embryonic day 18 and for newly hatched chicks, respectively. Chick embryos accumulate an excessive amount of cholesterol ester in the liver, but cholesterol ester is replaced by TG after hatching. The results of hepatic TG contents in the present study suggest that the development of the hepatic function between broilers and layers may already differ at embryonic stages.     

功能性饲料添加剂复方制剂对肉鸡生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响

本试验观察了一种功能性饲料添加剂复方制剂对肉鸡生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响。试验结果表明,在基础日粮中添加该复方制剂500mg·Kg-1可使49日龄肉鸡体重提高5.83%,料重比降低8.48%,成活率提高7.03个百分点;并同时降低肉鸡血清总胆固醇含量、血清甘油三酯含量、腹脂率和肝脏粗脂肪含量,而对胸肌粗脂肪含量无明显影响。     

Differential expression of genes implicated in liver lipid metabolism in broiler chickens differing in weight

ABSTRACT

1. Lipid parameters and expression of ACACA, APOA1, CPT1A, FASN, FOXO1, LIPG, PPARα and SIRT1 genes involved in lipid metabolism were investigated in two groups of high (HW) and low (LW) weight broilers from the same strain.

2. Blood cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels were significantly increased in HW chickens compared to LW broilers, while other parameters, i.e. blood triglyceride, blood HDL/LDL, liver cholesterol and total liver fat showed no significant changes in either group.

3. The relative expression of ACACA, APOA1 and CPT1A genes was significantly lower in the liver tissues of HW broilers than in the LW group. The mRNA levels of these three genes showed a significant negative correlation with abdominal fat deposition and live weight of broilers. However, relative expression of FASN, FOXO1, LIPG, PPARα and SIRT1 hepatic genes did not differ among broilers.

4. It was concluded that, of eight hepatic genes implicated in lipid metabolism, only the expression of three (ACACA, APOA1 and CPT1A) were significant for fat and leanness within the same strain of chicken. Since reducing body fat is a major goal in the broiler industry, these data can provide fresh insight into the molecular processes underlying the regulation of fat deposition in broilers.     

Parental dietary arachidonic acid altered serum fatty acid profile,hepatic antioxidant capacity,and lipid metabolism in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary arachidonic acid on serum fatty acid profile, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in pigeon squabs by supplementing arachidonic acid in their parental diets. A completely randomized design was conducted consisting of control group, 0.05% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group, 0.1% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group, and 0.2% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group. Six randomly selected squabs from each group were sampled on Day 21 post-hatch. Results indicated that moderate level (0.05%) of arachidonic acid in parental diets for pigeon squabs improved lipid metabolism via regulation on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition and tended to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in the premise of negligible damage to antioxidant status. Unfortunately, excessive parental supplementation of dietary arachidonic acid might be harmful to squab health. The regulatory effects of arachidonic acid were sensitive to the arachidonic acid doses. In conclusion, parental dietary arachidonic acid at 0.05% could be beneficial for squabs to maintain health as reflective aspects in ameliorative serum lipid profile, fatty acid composition, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation.     

Effect of dietary fibres on small intestine histomorphology and lipid metabolism in young broiler chickens

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary fibres on small intestine histomorphology and lipid metabolism in broilers from 1 to 21 day of age. In experiment 1, diets containing insoluble [cellulose (CEL); 2% and 4%] or soluble [carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); 2% and 4%] fibre were fed to broilers from day 1 to 21 post‐hatch and ileal tissue was collected at day 21 of age for histological evaluation. In experiment 2, broilers diet was supplemented with 0%, 1% or 2% insoluble fibre (Arbocel) during day 7 to 21 post‐hatch and plasma and liver lipid metabolism were evaluated at day 21. In experiment 1, inclusion of CMC reduced body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with others. Intestinal histomorphology was unaffected by CEL, but CMC led to an increase in crypt depth (CD) and serosa thickness and a decrease in villus height (VH), villus width (VW), VH:CD ratio and villus surface area (VSA), rather than control and CEL groups. Treatment did not affect goblet cell type. Moreover, the CMC‐fed birds had greater total goblet cell count (GCC) as compared with others. In experiment 2, fibre inclusion was associated with increases in BWG from 7 to 14 day of age and an improvement in FCR, whereas FI was not influenced by treatments. Inclusion of fibre in the diet decreased the weight of the abdominal fat and cholesterol concentrations of liver and plasma. No significant effects on fatty acid composition of liver lipid were observed by fibre supplementation. These findings suggest dietary fibre affects performance, intestinal histomorphology and lipid metabolism in young chicks, which may directly affect poultry feeding strategies.