不同株型玉米光能利用状况的研究

利用美国LI－188B辐射量子照度仪,对掖单4号、掖单13和沈单7号3种不同株型玉米叶片及群体光能利用状况进行了测定研究,结果表明3种玉米品种叶片辐射吸收系数存在一定差异：掖单4号为0.75,掖单13为0.73,沈单7号为0.71。利用三次样条函数模拟了玉米群体中太阳总辐射及反射辐射分布状况,给出了不同品种玉米群体中吸收辐射随高度分布特征,发现在玉米叶片光合能力最大的80～180cm处,掖单4号吸收辐射最大,因而从理论上证实了紧凑型玉米品种光能利用效率最高,与当前高产实践相一致,并为玉米高产提供了理论指导。     

对辽宁省玉米杂交种选育的思考

玉米是辽宁省种植面积最大的粮食作物,在农业生产中占有重要地位.玉米杂交种的不断更新对辽宁省玉米生产起到了很大的推动作用.从1969年起辽宁省开始玉米单交种的选育.第一批推广了丹玉6号、沈单3号、中单2号、铁单4号、辽单2号等.20世纪80年代,上述杂交种逐渐被育成的第二批单交种代替,主要有丹玉13号、沈单7号、铁单8号等.     

不同类型玉米饲用栽培物质生产特性研究

试验于2001～2002年对三个不同类型5个玉米品种饲用栽培的物质生产特性进行了系统研究.结果表明各类型品种干物质积累量表现为科青1号＞中单9409＞东陵白＞科多8号＞掖单13,由于含水率不同,鲜物质积累量表现为科青1号＞科多8号＞中单9409＞东陵白＞掖单13,子粒产量粮饲兼用型玉米品种中单94∞与普通玉米品种掖单13无显著差异,但均大于青贮专用型玉米品种.干物质分配青贮专用型玉米品种以茎鞘较多,而粮饲兼用型及普通型玉米品种以子粒较多.     

玉米克单8号寒区推广栽培试验

论述了玉米克单8号的品种特性、寒区推广栽培的产量表现及克单8号高产栽培技术、制种技术要点。克单8号是寒区旱作的高产新品种，是牧区、半牧区粮、饲兼用的玉米新品种，经济效益显著。     

浅析塘四平头杂优群选系及其改良系在中国玉米育种和生产中的作用

分析了塘四平头杂优群选系及其改良系在中国玉米育种和生产上的研究与应用。结果表明,优良玉米自交系塘四平头、黄早四、515、444、昌7-2等和杂交种掖单2号、掖单4号、烟单14、鲁玉3号、京早7号等对中国玉米育种研究和生产应用产生了重大影响,也做出了巨大贡献。其间利用的主要杂优模式为塘四平头杂优群与Lan.杂优群Mo17亚群和改良Reid杂优群等。新世纪如何继续沿用原有杂优模式和创建新的杂优模式都值得玉米育种家高度重视,为中国玉米育种和生产再上新台阶奠定基础。     

玉米新品种陇单3号的选育

陇单3号是甘肃省农科院粮食作物研究所以自选系9852为母本,外引系沈137为父本组配而成的玉米单交种.甘肃省玉米区域试验表明,陇单3号比对照中单2号增产10%以上,并具有高抗矮花叶病和红叶病、抗倒伏、活秆成熟等特点,现已在甘肃省推广种植。     

浅析Tuxpeno和Suwan等(亚)热带种质在中国玉米育种和生产中的作用

分析了20世纪70年代至今Tuxpeno、Suwan、墨黄9号和西南山区地方品种等(亚)热带种质选系及改良系在中国玉米育种和生产上的研究与应用.结果表明,优良玉米群体Tuxpeno、Suw明和墨黄9号等,优良玉米自交系S37、S11、S1611、QB39、毕405、449、D19、M9、五-151、J51和5311等,优良玉米杂交种恩单2号、会单4号、雅玉2号、桂单19、兴黄单89-2、交三单交和黔单13等,对中国玉米育种和生产产生了一定影响,其间利用的主要杂优模式为Suwan(Tuxpeno等)×西南山区地方品种选系或温改地选系或典型温带种质选系等.新世纪如何继续沿用原有杂优模式和利用(亚)热带种质改良中国骨干类群并创建新的杂优模式都值得玉米育种家高度重视,为中国玉米育种和生产再上新台阶奠定基础。     

高产、优质、多抗玉米新品种辽单452号的选育

辽单452号是辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所以自选系辽1604为母本,自选系辽1660为父本组配成的强优势玉米杂交种。各级试验示范结果表明,辽单452号具有高产、稳产、品质好、综合抗逆性强、适应性广等突出特点,是适合北方春玉米区种植的玉米新品种。     

昭通不同生态区玉米育种探讨

本文介绍了昭通处于复杂的农业生态区的玉米育种历史,生态区的大致划分、气候特点、育种目标、种质资源的引进与利用,以及近年来玉米育种取得的成就。(1)引进群改种Tux-penol直接应用于大面积生产;(2)以热带、亚热带、温带种质资源为选系基础材料,选育出高配合力,抗病性强的SC122、墨181、276、W8等自交系在育种生产上的应用;(3)育成分别适应不同生态区的扎单201、鲁三2号、鲁单1号、通单2号、昭三1号等单(三)交种,促进了山区玉米生产的发展。     

不同基因型玉米品种耐密性数学表达研究

随着玉米生产水平的不断提高 ,玉米的种植密度越来越大 ,高产再高产给玉米品种的耐密性提出了更高的要求。所谓的品种耐密性就是指某个玉米品种在较大群体下具有的较高的单株生产力 ,且对不同群体密度反应的迟钝性。近年来 ,有关玉米耐密性的研究较多 ,但对如何将耐密性进行数学量化 ,以便对玉米品种的耐密性进行正确评价 ,目前尚研究不多 ,本文试图通过 4个不同基因型玉米品种的耐密性的量化研究 ,给玉米育种及高产栽培提供理论依据。1　材料和方法1 .1　供试品种选择 4个不同基因型玉米品种 :东岳 2 1号、掖单 1 3号、掖单 4号、鲁单 50号…     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。