滇产黄毛青冈木材干燥特性的研究

鉴于百度试验法时木材干燥特性研究的不全面性,首先利用百度试验法开展了滇产黄毛青冈材干燥特性的初步研究,提出了预报干燥基础,再据此以地板坯料为干燥对象开展干燥工艺的试验研究,以全面归纳分析黄毛青网材的干燥特性。百度法研究表明：黄毛青冈材的初期开裂为4级,内裂为5级,截面变形1—3级,干燥速度为1-2级。地板料干燥工艺研究表明：采用研究提出的预报基准,23mm厚黄毛青冈地板坯料从初含水率52．3％干燥到12．9％,干燥周期为492h,但干燥质量达不到国家标准中对地板料干燥质量的要求,严重变形和过高的含水率偏差是此中主要原因。综合评定后认为,黄毛青冈属难干材,文中还就其干燥工艺的优化提出了建议。     

25mm厚窿缘桉地板坯料干燥工艺的研究

对25mm厚窿缘桉地板坯料的干燥工艺进行了研究,结果表明,本文提出的桉木干燥工艺是可行的;从初含水率30.4％干燥到终含水率9;;3％,干燥周期为15d;终含水率的均匀性好,从而为人工材桉木的利用开辟了新的途径。     

甘巴豆地板材干燥特性及干燥工艺研究

采用百度试验法对22mm厚的东南亚甘巴豆地板材干燥特性进行了研究和分析,参照百度试验缺陷等级以及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件拟订了初步干燥基准并进行相关的工艺试验及干燥质量检验。结果表明,按照本研究提出的甘巴豆地板材的工艺,将厚22mm的甘巴豆地板材从初含水率45.4%干燥到终含水率10.3%,干燥周期为7天,干燥质量好,基本无可见干燥缺陷,达到国家标准规定的二级干燥锯材的干燥质量等级。     

栓皮栎锯材常规干燥工艺探讨

以25mm厚栓皮栎锯材为对象,研究制定合适的常规干燥工艺基准,根据国家锯材干燥质量标准,检测分析干燥速率、终含水率、厚度方向含水率偏差、残余应力、外观干燥质量等。结果表明:25 mm厚栓皮栎干燥周期为19.5 d,平均干燥速率为0.096%/h,厚度方向含水率偏差达一级要求,终含水率、残余应力、外观干燥质量等达二级及以上要求,参照GB/T 6491—2012《锯材干燥质量》判断干燥锯材综合等级为二级。     

杨木实木地板坯料两种干燥工艺比较

采用产于江苏宿迁美洲黑杨25 mm厚的地板坯料湿材为研究对象,分别采用常规干燥工艺、气干窑干联合工艺对试材进行干燥质量对比。结果表明:采用气干与窑干联合干燥工艺,使杨木的含水率降低到25%左右时,再进行窑干,不仅没有降低干燥效率,还能克服杨木髓心板直接窑干带来的易端裂、皱缩、变形的现象。     

杀虫、灭菌热湿平衡处理对实木地板坯料质量的影响

选择4种常用进口树种实木地板坯料和1种国产树种实木地板坯料,利用木材常规干燥试验机进行兼顾杀虫（D工艺）、灭菌（S工艺）的热湿平衡处理,检测分析其终含水率、厚度上的含水率偏差、残余应力、可见缺陷等指标变化。结果表明：地板坯料的质量在不同树种、同一批次内均存有差异。本研究中制定的D工艺（65℃/相对湿度73.8%～89.5%）、S工艺（75℃/相对湿度76.7%～91.2%）两个等级,可满足地板坯料杀虫、灭菌的加热技术要求,同时可降低地板坯料内和坯料间的最大含水率偏差,提高含水率均匀度,降低厚度上的含水率偏差,降低残余应力值,且对可见缺陷的影响不明显。热湿平衡处理坯料的质量符合LY/T 2058—2022《实木地板坯料》或GB/T 6491—2012《锯材干燥质量》中二级材的要求。     

枫香地板坯料的干燥工艺

研究了枫香地板坯料的干燥上艺,并研究了三种不同原木径级对干燥速度和干燥质量的影响。试验中把枫木按原木径级分为30cm以上(A级),20～30cm(B级),小于20cm(C级),采用常规干燥工艺,对比三种研究对象的干燥速度和干燥质量。结果表明:枫香木材在含水率40%～50%阶段极易发生扭曲变形和开裂。采用文中的干燥工艺,25mm枫香地板坯料从初含水率79.57%到终含水率13.85%,干燥周期为376h(15.7d),干燥质量满足实木地板加工要求。枫香木材径级的大小对干燥速度没有显著影响,但C级干燥质量与A、B级有显著差异。     

微波处理后桉木干燥速率的影响因素

为研究桉木干燥速率的影响因素,基于正交试验,对桉木进行微波干燥处理,分析试材进干燥箱初含水率、微波辐射功率和干燥温度对干燥速率的影响。结果表明,微波处理后,桉木干燥速率明显提升。干燥温度、试材进干燥箱初含水率和辐射功率均对干燥速率产生影响,表现为干燥温度>试材进干燥箱初含水率>辐射功率,干燥温度影响最大。在本研究条件下,较佳的干燥工艺为干燥温度50℃,进干燥箱初含水率30%,辐射功率700 W。     

小径级柞木干燥工艺的试验研究

小径级柞木干燥试验结果表明:在干燥初期干球温度为35℃、干燥末期干球温度为70℃、干燥周期中进行两次中间处理和末期终了处理、干燥周期为15 d的工艺条件下,板材干燥前总平均含水率41.6%,干燥结束后总平均含水率11.7%,板材厚度上含水率偏差<3%;干燥结束后伸长应力和压缩应力甚微,板材表面的颜色轻微变暗,除髓心材和水纹材有少数裂纹和轻微变形外,其余木材并没有发生翘曲、变形、开裂等干燥缺陷,干燥质量满足了GB6491—86《国家锯材干燥质量标准》二级以上的指标要求。本次试验确定的干燥工艺满足了小径级柞木板材的干燥工艺要求。     

栓皮栎板材的降温干燥试验

采用了一种新的干燥方法──降温干燥法对栓皮栎板材进行了于燥试验。试验结果表明，在降温干燥过程中，木材内部含水率梯度和温度梯度方向相一致，加速了木材内部水分的迁移，提高了干燥速度。同时由于木材表层温度较内部温度低，表面水分蒸发的速度减慢，降低了木材内应力，使木材干燥质量与常规干燥相比有所提高。这种干燥方法为难干材的干燥提供了一条新的途径。     

人面子木材干燥特性及干燥工艺初探

采用百度试验法研究人面子木材的干燥特性,根据百度试验结果和企业的实际情况,拟定了相对偏软的24 mm和50 mm 2种厚度规格家具用材干燥工艺基准,进行了生产试验。24 mm厚人面子木材从初含水率85%干燥至12%,共用时506h,干燥质量良好,达到预期要求。针对50 mm厚毛边板材干燥速度慢,干燥不均匀,同一块板材内局部区域含水率异常偏高的现象,拟定了气干/窑干联合干燥工艺和相应的半波动窑干基准。     

意杨薄板材干燥工艺研究

应用高温干燥与常温干燥有机结合的工艺技术(简称蒸汽综合干燥法),对意杨25mm厚板材进行处理,在预热阶段进行充分的汽蒸处理,而后进入常压过热蒸汽干燥工艺阶段,当含水率降到25%时,转入常温干燥工艺阶段,直到干燥阶段结束。这样既缩短了干燥周期又提高了干燥质量,同时也提高了干燥窑的生产效率。     

63mm厚马尾松板材的干燥工艺

对63mm厚马尾松板材传统干燥基准进行了改进试验.结果表明:改进后的马尾松干燥工艺周期仅为11d,干燥速度明显提高,降低了干燥成本,提高了生产效率,锯材质量由标准规定的三级上升到二级.     

Cooling and steam conditioning after high-temperature drying of Pinus radiata board: experimental investigation and mathematical modelling

 Steam conditioning of softwood boards after kiln drying is of critical importance for relief of residual drying stresses and to improve distribution of final moisture content. The conditioning practice in New Zealand includes two steps: immediately after high temperature (HT) drying the load is cooled until the core wood temperature is 75 to 90°C, and then the stack is steam conditioned for a period of 1 to 4 hours depending on the lumber thickness and moisture content after drying. In this work, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to better understand the conditioning process and to investigate factors which influence its effectiveness. In the experiment, 50 mm thick Pinus radiata sapwood boards were first dried at 120/70°C for 11, 12, 13, 16 and 18 hours, respectively, to varying moisture contents, and then cooled and steam conditioned for 1 hour. To assess the effectiveness of conditioning, moisture pick-up, moisture gradient, and transverse residual drying stress (indicated by cup and strain) were measured. It was found that drying wood to a low moisture content (below 6%) increased the conditioning effectiveness. A separate matched stack was conditioned for 4 hours after 13 hours drying which showed better results than 1 hour conditioning. A mathematical model for wood drying was extended to include both the cooling and conditioning phases. The model was numerically solved to examine the wood temperature and moisture content changes during the whole process of drying, cooling and final steam conditioning. Increase in wood temperature, moisture pickup and moisture gradient during steam conditioning were predicted and validated by the experimental data. This information is currently being used at the New Zealand Forest Research Institute in simulation of stress development and relief for drying of Pinus radiata lumber. Received 6 July 1998     

菲律宾桃花芯木锯材干燥工艺初探

以菲律宾桃花芯木为研究对象,探索30 mm厚菲律宾桃花芯木锯材干燥工艺。通过百度试验法得知其初期开裂为3级、内裂为2~3级、截面变形为1级;通过密度测定实验得知其气干密度为0.562 g/cm^3、全干密度为0.517 g/cm^3和基本密度为0.465 g/cm^3。根据该木材密度和干燥特性制定3种30 mm厚菲律宾桃花芯木锯材干燥基准并分别进行常规干燥工艺试验。通过对3次工艺试验结果的综合分析表明：在3次工艺实验所用执行基准均能满足2级干燥指标。其中,第一次工艺实验所用执行干燥基准为本研究中最佳干燥基准。第一次工艺实验的初始温度为60℃,末期温度为80℃、初含水率为66.97%、终含水率为7.79%的锯材干燥周期为185 h。     

Productive test of a newly drying technology of veneer： intermittent-contact drying of veneer with flexible screen belt

A newly drying technology, intermittent-contact drying of veneer with flexible screen belt (ICD-fbs), was invented and used in poplar veneer drying. Productive test was carried out for validating the practical use of this drying method. The test result shows that to dispose flexible screen belts on the two sides of hot board could help steam discharge remarkably. The veneer dried using ICD-fsb method had smooth and level surface, less deformation and warping, even moisture content, and high utilization rate. The time for opening hot board to discharge steam,which, early or late, is a key to obtain good drying result, was determined at the time when the core‘s temperature of veneer reaches 100℃ (vaporization). Using ICD-fsb method, the shrinking rates in tangent of veneer were from 1.90% to 2.26% for veneer of 0.4 mm in thickness,2.49% to 4.50% for veneer of 1 mm in thickness and 1.34% to 3.30% for veneer of 1.7 mm in thickness, which are much lower than the results obtained by other drying methods. The method of ICD-fsb offers a reliable technological guarantee for solving the deformation problem of veneer drying, especially the deformation of wood from quick-growing plantation.