基于SOPARC的城市绿地优化解析——以荆州市城市绿地系统为例

以荆州城市绿地系统为例,利用游憩行为观察法（SOPARC）分析游客人群、游憩时间、景点分布特征,以探索城市绿地格局优化与重构途径,提高游客游憩体验,明确城市绿地系统在未来的发展方向,并提出良好的规划与建议。     

浅析城市绿地系统规划——以古田县城市绿地系统规划为例

以古田县城市绿地系统规划为例,阐述城市绿地系统规划对各种城市绿地进行定性、定位、定量的统筹安排,形成具有合理结构的绿地空间系统,以实现绿地所具有的生态保护、游憩休闲和社会文化等功能的活动。     

上海外环绿带嘉定段规划设计研究

随着我国城市建设和社会经济的快速发展,城市绿地布局与规划设计理念也在不断地提升,人们对城市绿地的建设提出了更高、更深层次的需求。环城绿带在改善城市环境及维护城市生态平衡中起着重要的作用,其科学的布局结构、人性化的规划设计以及经济合理的管理模式可以在寸土寸金的城市当中实现更综合的功能。通过对上海外环绿带嘉定段规划设计的研究实践,重点提出了环城绿带的规划设计体系,论证了在规划设计城市环城绿带时需要注重生态性、多样性和游憩功能。对上海外环线嘉定段带状绿地景观规划中涉及到的主要问题进行总结,希望对今后类似项目的规划起到参考意义。     

对构建城市绿地系统游憩规划设计指标体系的思考

主要就当前的城市绿地系统规划发展来进行研究与探讨,并且将城市绿地系统在承担游憩功能上所面临的问题来进行分析与思考,并通过现实案例来补充一功能为导向的系统规划。     

城市绿地防灾避难功能评价指标体系研究

我国城市绿地经过多年的发展,已具有一定的系统和规模.目前,关于城市绿地系统的研究已不鲜见,但城市绿地防灾避难功能的研究才刚刚起步.现探讨城市绿地防灾避难功能评价指标体系,希望给城市防灾减灾体系建设提供规划和决策参考.     

风景游憩林植物配置与城市绿地植物造景对比

风景游憩林和城市绿地都是以植物为主要景观元素,满足人们游憩休闲的需要。两者都需要遵循美学和植物的生态学原则进行设计。但是由于它们地理环境等的差异,风景游憩林植物配置时是以群体美为主,园林建筑作为景观的点缀,而城市绿地面积小,穿插在城市之中,所以植物个体美展现较多,而且还需要用植物柔化过多的城市建筑。通过对比进而使2种设计方法相互借鉴。     

城市绿地有害生物预警研究综述

城市绿地有害生物预警是实现城市绿地有害生物科学治理的关键，以国内外城市绿地有害生物预警研究文献为研究对象，从有害生物预警指标体系构建和有害生物预警防控评估模型两方面出发，进行系统的文献研究。结果显示，现有城市绿地有害生物预警指标体系构建主要以有害生物入侵规律、发生趋势和可承受分析为主。有害生物预警评估模型有定量评估和半定性半定量评估模型，但受制于数据可获得性低，当前有害生物评估模型多倾向选择半定性半定量评估模型。     

浅析杭州西湖风景区绿地游憩功能

西湖风景区是杭州城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,承担着城市公园和风景名胜区的功能。为进一步探讨景区绿地游憩功能,本文通过问卷调查以及环境因子监测,获得并分析相关数据,为景区绿地生态环境建设提出了一些建议,从而更好地发挥景区绿地游憩功能。     

宁夏石嘴山市惠农区园艺镇休闲运动公园规划设计

公园绿地可以完善城市绿地系统,增加城市绿地面积,改善城市形象。宁夏石嘴山市惠农区园艺镇休闲运动公园利用原有林场果园资源优势,通过生态治理打造生态型运动公园;以运动休闲为主题,设计以运动健身、户外休憩为主;通过合理的分区和景观园林设计,建成具有自然保护与健身游憩双重功能的运动休闲场所,最终使当地的生态环境得到治理和改变,同时也为美化城市作出贡献。     

“产业、生态、景观、游憩”四位一体功能的生态农庄规划设计

随着国家对休闲农业的重视以及农村土地流转政策的实施,以"生态农庄"为模式的乡村旅游产品逐渐得到市民的青睐。生态农庄应具备以产业、生态、景观与游憩为"四位一体"的功能。现以江苏阅田生态农庄规划设计为例,从产业规划、生态规划、景观规划以及游憩规划角度出发,研究生态农庄的规划设计。     

中卫市沙地农业观光园规划设计研究

从沙坡头风情园的现状和当地的旅游资源出发,充分挖掘中卫市以"边塞、黄河、西夏、回乡"为主体的历史文化和民俗资源,依托丰富的现代农业资源如沙地农业和设施农业及独有的大漠、湿地、湖泊、田园为一体的自然景观,运用现代与传统艺术相结合的手法把原有的沙地改造为集生产与科研、观光与旅游、休闲与度假于一体的综合性农业观光园。园区按总体规划可分为1条轴线、2个片区和5个景观区,以期为沙地休闲农业观光园的设计提供借鉴。     

Outdoor recreation in forest policy and legislation: A European comparison

The benefits of outdoor recreation and the need for recreation inventories and monitoring are described in various policy and legislation documents at the European level. The objective of this paper is to analyse how these recreational aspects are reflected at the national level in core forest policy and legislation documents as well as related domains. The COST Action E33 network was used to extract information about national policies and monitoring practices for international comparison, using the Delphi method. The results provide insights into national policy setting and legislation in the field of outdoor recreation, and reveal similarities, differences, gaps and future needs. Among the main findings is a contradiction between the expressed political importance of outdoor recreation at the national level, and the absence of binding commitments for action. The majority of the countries surveyed recognise and express outdoor recreation in some form of political and/or legislative way. However, recreation monitoring or measurements are rarely mentioned in relevant policies or acts at the national, regional or local level, perhaps due to a lack of political will or resources. The analysis indicates that a consistent forest recreation monitoring system, linked to sustainable forest management, as described for example in the Helsinki process, should be better transferred into national policy and legislation. Comparable data across Europe could then provide a sound base for making decisions on outdoor recreation policy, planning and management, and furthermore provide a basis for the detection of societal changes and demands over time.     

绿道理念在风景名胜区规划中的探索——以辽宁鞍山市玉佛山风景名胜区为例

绿道是将分散的绿色空间进行联通,形成综合性的绿色网络通道,在环境保护、经济利益、美学上具有重要作用。如今,人们逐渐认识到绿道建设的重要性,开始进行绿道的建设与研究。针对玉佛山风景区内绿地之间相互独立、分散,缺少系统性的连接和更为宏观的有机规划的分析,对在风景区线性绿色开放空间的规划设计中如何贯彻绿道设计理念,实现生态、游憩及社会文化等功能的有机结合,做出有益探索。     

马鞍溪湿地公园生态修复与景观营造

基于重庆市北碚区马鞍溪湿地公园的特色溪谷型地形地貌及其特殊的地理位置,解读了北碚悠久的地方历史文化精神,在此基础上提出马鞍溪湿地公园的规划策略和规划内容,从湿地系统的生态修复、休闲系统的统筹构建、地域特色的充分表达等方面,探讨了溪谷型湿地公园景观修复与重建的途径。     

Mapping recreation and aesthetic value of ecosystems in the Bilbao Metropolitan Greenbelt (northern Spain) to support landscape planning

This paper presents a method to quantify cultural ecosystem services (ES) and their spatial distribution in the landscape based on ecological structure and social evaluation approaches. The method aims to provide quantified assessments of ES to support land use planning decisions. A GIS-based approach was used to estimate and map the provision of recreation and aesthetic services supplied by ecosystems in a peri-urban area located in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Data of two different public participation processes (frequency of visits to 25 different sites within the study area and aesthetic value of different landscape units) were used to validate the maps. Three maps were obtained as results: a map showing the provision of recreation services, an aesthetic value map and a map of the correspondences and differences between both services. The data obtained in the participation processes were found useful for the validation of the maps. A weak spatial correlation was found between aesthetic quality and recreation provision services, with an overlap of the highest values for both services only in 7.2 % of the area. A consultation with decision-makers indicated that the results were considered useful to identify areas that can be targeted for improvement of landscape and recreation management.     

基于居民游憩需求的公园绿地可达性研究——以沈阳市铁西区为例

基于使用后评价（POE）,对沈阳市铁西区公园绿地的居民游憩需求特征进行调查分析,并提出基于居民主观可达性的公园绿地系统规划策略。以期为公园绿地的后期建设和布局优化提供一种新思路,并为其他资源型城市的绿地系统规划提供参考。     

Residents’ use of remnant natural vegetation in the residential area of Järvafältet, Stockholm

In growing cities, there is a demand for development areas, which poses a threat to existing green areas. Therefore, it is of interest to know to what extent different types of green areas are used by residents. In the suburb of Järvafältet, situated 15 km outside Stockholm city centre, inhabitants’ use of patches of remnants of original natural vegetation in green areas has been studied by momentary observations from fixed points over the periods 1978–1982 and 2002–2004. The number of people, sex, age, type of activity, and place of that activity were noted. Overall, there has been a significant increase in the amount of use of these types of recreation areas between the two periods. The use by organized groups, as well as by adult walkers, runners and cyclists, increased the most, while individual children's play decreased. Almost every other child observed was found to be partaking in organized school or day nursery group activities. Children belonging to organized groups were seen as frequently in areas at a distance of less than 100 m from the houses as between 200 and 400 m from the built-up area, while children not participating in group activities were seen much more frequently in the areas closest to buildings. These types of green areas were used more by children and young people than by adults. This implies the likelihood that the use of these areas for recreation is underestimated in outdoor recreation inquiries and interview studies, where children are not usually included. Residents’ use of areas with remnant natural vegetation in cities shows that these areas have a recreational value as well as with other values. This makes them important to take into consideration in the planning and design process. Small areas close to residential areas need to be considered.     

How is setting preference related to intention to engage in forest recreation activities?

Urban forests provide opportunities for outdoor recreation to many people. Knowledge of the motives for visiting forests is needed for the planning and management of these forests. Since forests are used for a diverse set of recreational activities, however, the motives for different activities are multifaceted. To explore recreational motives, this scene preference study conducted in Sweden examined relations between setting evaluations (i.e., mystery, legibility, valence, and activation), setting preference, general forest perceptions, and intention to engage in forest activities. Two alternative models were examined in relation to five different activities: walking, going on outings, exercising, picking berries or mushrooms, and studying plants and animals. Results revealed that preference mediated between setting evaluations and intention to go on outings, whereas setting evaluations were direct predictors of intention to walk and exercise. However, the models did not describe antecedents of intention to pick berries or mushrooms, or to study plants and animals, satisfactorily. In addition, general forest perceptions, particularly emphasising the restorative qualities of forests, were important for intention to engage in all the examined recreation activities. Results are discussed in relation to landscape preference research and attitude-behaviour theory. In addition, practical implications for encouraging forest recreation are highlighted.     

Managing the potential for outdoor recreation: Adequate mapping and measuring of accessibility to urban recreational landscapes

Following the increasing public health concerns related to physical inactivity in the population, the relationship between outdoor recreation and public health has been increasingly acknowledged over the last decades. To improve public health, planners and policy-makers aim to provide good accessibility to recreational landscapes to facilitate outdoor recreational activity. At the same time, they are facing development pressure due to urban growth. In order for planners and policy-makers to secure people access to urban and near urban recreational areas, there is a need to map and measure access in a way that is adequate as a basis for decision-making in planning and design processes. Access is often defined as distance, or proximity, from residents’ homes to recreational areas. This paper explores different ways to map and measure distance to recreational areas, and aims to provide better decision support for planners and decision-makers. Moss municipality in Norway serves as a case study. We begin by addressing the meaning of the term ‘recreational landscape’ and how the choice of definition affects the results when mapping recreational areas. We also discuss who we are measuring distance for, and how different user groups will have different thresholds or critical distances affecting their frequency of visits to a recreational area. Last, we explore different methods for measuring distance within a GIS environment. The paper shows how the purpose of the analysis must be decisive when defining recreational landscapes and choosing methods for measuring access to recreational landscape, in order to provide valuable input to planners and policy-makers aiming at enhancing the possibility for outdoor recreation for people.     

Recreational tree-climbing programs in a rural Japanese community forest: Social impacts and “fun factors”

We examined whether recreational tree climbing (TC) activities would have positive social impacts and rejuvenate an outdoor activity center and surrounding community forest in central Japan. Our case study comprised 3800 adults and children participating in TC activities at the Jyokoji Outdoor Activity Center (JOAC) in Seto, Japan. We focused on 1393 adult participants whom we considered to be the decision makers regarding family recreation, and we explored both the social impacts of TC and various factors that contributed to and distracted from the overall experience. Qualitative and quantitative data indicated that elements such as age, gender, tree preferences, tree appreciation, tree education, and technical instruction influenced the enjoyment of recreational TC and the positive effects on tree climbers. Overall, the climbing program had positive social impacts for the community forest and contributed to local conservation initiatives. Our case study suggests that other areas can benefit from incorporating TC programs into community forest planning to complement aesthetic, ecological, and restoration benefits and provide a new venue for recreation and conservation awareness.