特色小作物农药登记管理国际经验分析及我国的管理对策建议

本文简要介绍了我国特色小作物病虫害发生和用药现状,分析了美国、加拿大等国家在小作物农药登记管理中的经验,介绍我国部分省市在特色作物用药登记举措;建议我国探索特色小作物群组化策略,制定补贴政策,加快特色小作物农药登记,解决特色小作物无登记农药可用的难题,提高农药使用的科学性,减少农药的使用量。     

我国蔬菜及特色作物用药现状及对策探讨

本文简要介绍了我国蔬菜及特色作物病虫害发生和用药现状;分析了因缺乏登记可用农药,生产中乱用、滥用农药给蔬菜及特色农产品质量安全带来的隐患、对蔬菜及特色作物产业持续健康发展造成的影响,以及当前解决蔬菜及特色作物安全用药的环境条件;探讨了提高蔬菜及特色作物安全用药水平的对策。     

欧盟特色小宗作物项目寻求更多资金支持

正欧盟特色小宗作物协调机构(MUCF)表示,目前尚不能确定2019年用于促进特色小宗作物农药使用项目的资助情况。MUCF成立于2015年,宗旨是解决特色小宗作物(例如高价值水果和蔬菜)用药短缺问题。欧盟委员会对此项目的资金资助将在四月结束。但是,MUCF表示,"特色小宗作物问题明显不会在3年内全部解决。"     

小宗作物用药不容忽视

规范小宗作物用药是一个世界性的难题,本文通过介绍不同国家对小宗作物的界定及管理概况,和我国小宗作物用药概况及对小宗作物用药登记管理情况,旨在为指导企业将产品登记在小宗作物上,从而逐步解决我国小宗作物用药问题提供参考。     

浙江省特色作物安全用药整体解决的实践与思考

为有效破解特色作物安全用药难题,浙江省实施了特色作物农药登记财政补贴项目,加快推进农药登记与应用。本文概述了浙江省特色作物农药登记财政补贴项目的实施进展,阐述了加快特色作物农药登记与应用的做好与推进措施,介绍了在杨梅、草莓、杭白菊上开展整体解决安全用药的探索实践,并提出了下步打算及建议。     

特色小宗作物农药残留风险管理的创新实践

我国特色小宗作物种类繁多,病虫害种类多且危害程度重,特色小宗作物"无药可用""无标可依"问题突出,严重影响到特色农业产业健康发展和农产品质量安全。概述了我国特色小宗作物农药登记管理和农药合理使用制度现状,重点介绍了近年来农业农村部门创新思路,探索特色小宗作物农药残留风险管理的新思路和新做法,以及协同解决特色小宗作物农药登记和残留限量标准制定方面取得的新进展,并对进一步完善特色小宗作物农药管理进行了探讨。     

第一届全球农药小使用工作峰会暨美国IR4“特色作物研究项目”最新进展

本文概述第一届全球农药小使用工作峰会暨美国IR项目2015年技术工作会相关情况,并根据议题的讨论情况,结合我国生产实际,提出了有必要进一步加强我国特色作物用药情况调研、借鉴美国IR-4项目经验、加强推进国内特色作物安全用药登记及MRL制定等,将有利于保障我国特色农产品质量安全。     

黔南州小宗特色作物主要病虫害用药情况调查

通过调查贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州辖区内小宗特色作物用药情况,初步摸清了当地小宗特色作物主栽品种、分布区域、主要病虫害种类及用药现状。由于部分小宗特色作物无登记用药,生产中出现使用未登记农药、超范围用药、滥用药的现象,严重威胁农产品质量安全,影响小宗特色作物的发展。     

浙江省特色作物农药登记财政扶持政策创新与实践

为破解特色作物农药登记使用的难题,浙江省2012年起在全国率先实施了特色作物农药登记财政补贴项目。本文概述了浙江省特色作物病虫害防治用药现状,分析了特色作物上"无药可用"的原因,着重介绍了浙江省创新特色作物用药登记财政扶持政策的主要做法和实施成效,并提出了下步工作打算及建议。     

桂林市特色作物病虫害发生及用药情况调查

鉴于特色小宗作物面积小、品种多、农药使用量相对较少、生产小宗作物农药的经济效益相对较低的现状,分析了特色水果、特色蔬菜、特色中药材病虫害发生及用药需求情况,提出了完善小宗作物农药登记制度、强化技术指导以及设立专项财政资金扶持企业开展小宗作物用药研发的对策和措施。     

Regulatory problems associated with natural products and biopesticides

For registration, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) separates pesticides into conventional chemical pesticides and biochemical and microbial pesticides. Natural products generally fall into the latter category. The USEPA has specified the test requirements for registration in the United States in the guidelines for registration of biorational pesticides (Subdivision M of 40 CFR Part 158). A discussion of the regulatory issues requires some reference to the accompanying scientific developments. The potential application of chemicals that affect insect behavior and development appeared an extremely promising approach to the reduction of adverse environmental and health impacts associated with many conventional pesticides. In addition to these benefits, the new biopesticides generally affected a very specific range of target species. However, although juvenile hormones and semiochemicals offer exciting new approaches to pest control, and are potentially valuable components of pest management strategies, acceptance of these techniques has been slow. Commercial development has been difficult for several reasons. Regulatory requirements may appear burdensome. Unconventional pest-control technologies may call for special formulations or application equipment. It may not be easy to establish the efficacy of non-lethal potential techniques. Investigators who derive funds from the public sector may have neither responsibility nor resources to carry the technology beyond the experimental stage. Because most activities in this field have been heavily research-oriented, few workers have possessed the additional resources to obtain safety data or data to satisfy regulatory requirements. Difficulties in preparing and administering guidelines for registration of biopesticides lie in the novelty of the pest control agents and the diversity of the techniques involved in their effective use. Rapid advances in molecular biology and other disciplines continually strain the capabilities of regulators who are responsible for making safety assessments regarding pest-control agents. Although regulatory authorities are familiar with conventional pesticides, safety assessment of biopesticides calls for totally different approaches.     

我国生物农药登记管理情况分析

生物农药包括生物化学农药、微生物农药、植物源农药,近年来尽管在整个农药产业中所占的比例还较低,但生物农药总体势头发展良好,且在减少化学农药使用、保障农产品质量安全和生态环境安全及特色农作物的有害生物防控中发挥了重要的积极作用.本文对我国生物农药登记管理的基本情况、产业发展取得的主要成效和当前发展中存在问题等进行了详细梳...     

British and European community regulations and registration requirements for non-pesticidal co-formulants in pesticides and for adjuvants

Pesticides in Great Britain are subject to legislation that requires them to be approved by Ministers. Specific data for non-pesticidal co-formulants are not generally required but are encompassed within the requirements for the formulated pesticide in which they are present. Adjuvants, substances without significant pesticidal properties which enhance the effectiveness of a pesticide when added to that pesticide, can be used with pesticides only in accordance with the approval of that pesticide or as varied by lists of authorised adjuvants published by Ministers. Data must be supplied for adjuvants to appear on this list. National legislation on pesticides is soon to be amended to take account of a European Community Directive which seeks to harmonise registration requirements throughout the Community. It is as yet unclear how this will affect registration of co-formulants and adjuvants.     

微生物农药管理现状与展望

微生物农药,是指利用微生物或其代谢产物来防治危害农业的病、虫、草、鼠等有害生物以保护或促进植物生长的生防制剂。近几年来,由于化学农药的滥用,使得害虫抗药性、农药残留、环境污染等问题日益严峻,而作为化学农药替代品的微生物农药则发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文重点回顾了国内外微生物农药登记管理的发展历程,总结了各国微生物农药登记管理的资料要求,结合我国农业生产现状,分析了我国微生物农药登记管理的现状,为进一步完善我国微生物农药登记管理工作提出了建议。     

我国微生物农药常见剂型种类及管理

本文总结了微生物农药的母药和常见剂型的定义、特性和登记现状,汇总了常用剂型产品质量控制的各项目和指标,分析了目前微生物农药剂型管理中存在的问题,并提出了建议,以推进微生物农药剂型科学管理和行业发展.     

Regulatory Concerns with Pesticide Use in Turf

Because of the costs incurred in their development, it is unlikely that pesticides will be developed solely for use in amenity turf. This means that the basic set of data needed to answer regulatory concerns should already be available for the pesticide concerned. The basic controls involved in pesticide registration are described, with the EC being taken as an example. The paper describes the areas where, because of different concerns, more data may need to be generated in order to seek registration of use of a product on amenity turf. In most cases regulatory requirements can be met by reinterpreting the existing data, taking into account the use of pesticides on amenity turf. Other regulatory issues concerning the use of pesticides in amenity turf are discussed.     

国际食品法典2015至2019年农药评估优先列表评介

为了解国际食品法典委员会(CAC)农药最大残留限量(MRLs)制定最新动向,文章介绍了2015—2019年CAC的农药评估优先列表,就未来5年内CAC将评估的新化合物、新用途及再评估的化合物进行了总结评述,并对这些化合物在我国的登记情况进行了分析,以供有意向国际食品法典委员会农药残留专家联席会议(JMPR)提交数据的政府或相关企业、以及国内关注国际农药残留限量标准制定进展的相关科研机构参考。同时,文章对我国应如何参与国际残留限量标准制定工作提出了建议,认为我国可通过提交扩大农药使用范围数据,加强我国农药在小作物上的登记,从而促进农产品的出口。     

农药登记药效资料评审常见问题分析

本文简要介绍了农药登记生物学评价的基本内容、资料要求与评审程序,针对农药登记药效资料评审中的一些典型问题进行归纳和分析,并对登记申请人员正确准备和提交药效资料提出建议。     

Registration of biological pesticides — the UK perspective1

The approaches that have been used for regulation of biological pesticides in the UK to date are discussed in relation to the expected European system. Biological pesticides are defined under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 as ‘bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses and mycoplasmas used for destroying or controlling pests’. The data requirements for biological pesticides are simpler than those for chemical pesticides but take into account special factors such as infectivity, sensitization of users and toxin production. The Plant Protection Products Regulations (1995) implement Directive 91/414/EEC in the UK.     

A Bayesian approach to the analysis of environmental fate and behaviour data for pesticide registration

With the harmonisation of data requirements for pesticide registration under EC Directive 91/414 there is need for progress on the techniques used to analyse such data and so help make consistent the judgements applied by national regulatory authorities. This paper proposes a Bayesian technique for combining data from environmental fate and behaviour studies of pesticides in soil. The method uses expert knowledge, based on degradation and adsorption data, and logistic regression methods to form a prior probability distribution for the probability that a given compound leaches. Results from lysimeter experiments are used update the prior knowledge. Data for the compounds bentazone and triclopyr are used to illustrate the techniques. The advantages of the methodology and its implications for the pesticide registration procedure are discussed in the light of possible advances using modern Bayesian statistical techniques and mathematical models. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry