超声微波协同萃取红豆中总黄酮的工艺研究

确定超声微波协同萃取红豆中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,测定红豆中总黄酮的含量。研究提取时间、微波功率、提取温度、乙醇体积分数、料液比等因素对总黄酮提取率的影响。在进行单因素试验之后,通过正交试验优化超声微波协同萃取红豆总黄酮类化合物的工艺条件。结果表明,对红豆中总黄酮提取的影响程度为乙醇体积分数料液比提取时间微波功率。超声微波协同法提取总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为提取时间30 min,微波功率400 W,提取温度45℃,乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶25;提取3次,总黄酮提取量为1.75 mg/g。     

超声波辅助法提取金莲花中黄酮工艺研究

以超声波辅助法对大兴安岭金莲花中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件进行研究。以温度、料液比、乙醇体积分数、超声时间为提取影响因素,通过正交试验优化提取工艺。结果表明,各因素对总黄酮提取的影响次序为:料液比>超声时间>温度>乙醇体积分数,超声波辅助法的最佳工艺提取条件为:提取温度为50℃,料液比1:55,乙醇体积分数75%,超声时间40 min,总黄酮的提取率达4.659%。     

超声辅助提取蜜柑皮总黄酮的工艺优化研究

采用超声波辅助乙醇提取蜜柑皮中的总黄酮,单因素试验考察原料粒径、超声功率、超声温度、超声时间、乙醇体积分数、料液比对总黄酮提取率的影响,并采用响应面法对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,原料粒径40~80目、超声功率225 W,超声温度79℃,超声时间20 min,乙醇体积分数70%,料液比1∶45的条件下,蜜柑皮(干基)总黄酮的提取率最高,为1.043 8%,比传统方法提高了14.76%。     

鹧鸪茶总多酚超声波提取工艺优化研究

采用超声波技术提取海南鹧鸪茶中的总多酚。以鹧鸪茶总多酚的提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验探究乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声时间、超声功率、提取温度对鹧鸪茶总多酚提取的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶40(g∶m L),超声时间20 min,超声功率360 W,提取温度60℃,此条件下萃取鹧鸪茶总多酚提取率可达12.56%。     

超声波辅助提取莲心黄酮类物质的工艺研究

为了探讨以乙醇为溶剂超声波辅助提取莲心中黄酮类物质的工艺条件,研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声波功率及提取时间对莲心黄酮类物质提取效果的影响,通过L9(3)4正交试验设计优化其提取工艺参数。结果表明,影响莲心黄酮类物质提取效果的主次因素顺序为:乙醇体积分数>超声波功率>提取时间>料液比,乙醇体积分数对提取率有极显著影响,超声波功率对提取率有显著影响,提取时间和料液比对提取率影响不大;最优提取工艺参数为乙醇体积分数70%,料液比3∶100,超声波功率500 W,提取时间25 min,在此条件下,莲心黄酮类物质提取率为1.893%;与传统水浸提法相比,该方法可以提高提取率,缩短提取时间。     

超声辅助提取红心火龙果果肉花青素工艺的优化分析

试验以红心火龙果为材料,采用超声辅助法提取果肉中的花青素。通过单因素试验考察提取时间、料液比、乙醇体积分数和超声功率对提取工艺的影响。在单因素试验基础上,利用正交试验优化超声辅助提取花青素的工艺条件。结果表明,超声辅助提取红心火龙果果肉花青素的最优工艺条件为提取时间20 min、料液比1∶10(g/mL)、乙醇体积分数80%、超声功率160 W,该工艺条件较稳定,适用于红心火龙果果肉花青素的提取。     

酸性条件下提取苹果渣多酚

采用乙酸作为提取溶剂,结合超声波辅助提取,研究了不同溶剂浓度、超声辅助提取时间、提取温度、提取功率和料液比各因素对苹果渣中的多酚类化合物提取效果的影响。确定提取苹果渣中多酚的最佳工艺条件为:以体积分数40%乙酸为提取溶剂,超声处理时间70 min,提取温度30℃,超声功率105 W,料液比1∶50,且各因素之间的主要次序为:料液比>提取时间>提取温度>超声功率。     

超声波辅助提取苦荞麦总黄酮工艺研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验,结合分光光度法测定总黄酮含量,探究溶剂体积分数、料液比、超声时间和超声功率对苦荞麦总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,超声波辅助乙醇提取苦荞麦中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件参数为乙醇体积分数85%,料液比1∶25(g∶mL),超声时间40 min,超声功率100 W。在此条件下,苦荞麦中总黄酮的提取率为1.404%。     

超声波辅助提取苹果多酚优化条件的研究

通过多因素正交试验,研究超声波辅助条件下,乙醇体积分数、提取时间、pH值、料液比、物料粒度和超声功率对苹果多酚提取效率的影响。结果表明,随着提取时间、料液比和超声功率的增加,苹果多酚的提取效率呈现上升趋势;而随着pH值的增大,提取效率下降,pH值为3时,提取效率达到最高值;随着乙醇体积分数的提高,苹果多酚的提取效率增加,当乙醇体积分数达75%时,提取效率达到最大值,继续提高乙醇体积分数时,提取效率下降;物料粒度对苹果多酚提取效率影响的变化趋势与乙醇体积分数的效应相反,当物料粒度达60目时,提取效率达到最大值。综合考虑提取效率与成本因素,苹果多酚的最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数50%,提取时间60 min,pH值3,料液比1∶6,粒度60目,超声功率80 W,在该优化条件下苹果多酚的提取效率可达1 692.72 mg/kg。     

黑芸豆花色苷提取工艺技术研究

以东北黑芸豆为原料,研究超声提取黑芸豆中花色苷类物质的工艺和东北黑芸豆中花色苷类物质的结构初步鉴定。结果表明,超声波提取的最优参数为超声功率420 W,超声温度29℃,超声时间18.7 min,料液比1∶13(g∶m L),在此条件取得了较好的提取效果,为黑芸豆花色苷的提取加工及工业应用提供了依据。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.