Effects of Bupleurum extract on blood metabolism,antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed dairy cows

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bupleurum extract(BE) on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and immune function in dairy cows under heat stress. Forty lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g of BE kg–1 dry matter. Supplementation with BE decreased(P0.05) blood urea nitrogen(BUN) contents and increased blood total protein(TP) and albumin(ALB) levels compared with control cows, but it had no effects(P0.05) on blood glucose(GLU), nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA), total triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). Compared with control cows, cows fed BE had higher(P0.05) superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity. However, supplementation with BE had no effect(P0.05) on total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) or malondialdehyde(MDA) levels. The immunoglobulin(Ig) A and G contents increased(P0.05) in cows fed 0.25 or 0.5 g of BE kg–1. Interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-4 levels were higher(P0.05) in cows fed 0.5 and 1.0 g of BE kg–1, and IL-6 was significantly elevated(P0.05) in cows fed 0.5 g of BE kg–1. There were no treatment effects(P0.05) on the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte ratios, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, or tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) level among the groups. These findings suggest that BE supplementation may improve protein metabolism, in addition to enhancing antioxidant activity and immune function in heat-stressed dairy cows.     

华南地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性能在季节、胎次、泌乳时期影响下的变化规律

【目的】分析华南地区季节变化、繁育胎次、泌乳时期对泌乳性状的影响。【方法】采集广州某规模化牛场2015年全年10 450头次的荷斯坦牛的奶牛群改良计划(DHI)测定数据,提取产奶量、乳脂率、蛋白率和脂蛋比等泌乳性状数据,运用统计模型评估季节、胎次、泌乳时期等因素对泌乳性状的影响,分析各性状之间的相关性。【结果】季节、泌乳时期和胎次分别对产奶量和乳成分含量产生极显著的影响(P0.001)。夏季产奶量极显著低于其他季节(P0.01);在乳成分上,夏季的各项指标均为最低值,且极显著低于春冬季节(P0.01),春季各项指标值极显著高于冬季(P0.01);产奶量和乳蛋白率在12月(非气温最低的1月)达到最高值;不同胎次牛的产奶量上,1胎牛在第3个泌乳月份达到泌乳高峰,其他胎次牛则出现在第2个泌乳月且峰值高于1胎牛,但1胎牛产奶量下降速率明显低于其他胎次牛。1胎至2胎牛产奶总量逐渐升高,之后随着胎次的增加而下降;从乳成分的变化来看,各项指标在第1胎次时最高,随着胎次的增加逐步降低,到4和5胎时出现增加。在泌乳时期内,脂蛋比出现前期高后期低的变化规律,且乳脂率和乳蛋白率之间存在极显著的正相关性(r=0.63,P0.01)。【结论】华南地区泌乳牛不仅遭受长期的热应激影响,在冬季同样受到低温冷应激作用而制约其泌乳性能。高胎次(3胎以上)奶牛所占的群体比例较低导致全年泌乳胎次较低,同时当前的日粮营养和饲养水平已严重阻碍高胎次牛在泌乳后期的生产表现。     

Response of lactating cows to supplemental rumen protected methionine and Niacin

Eight Chinese Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the effects of rumen protected methionine (RPMet) and Niacin on milk yield and milk composition of lactating cows with 14 d adaptation and 6-d sampling periods. The cows were fed the control diet or the control diet plus RPMet (25 g·⁻¹), niacin (6 g·⁻¹), or RPMet (25 g·⁻¹) + niacin (6 g·⁻¹). The results showed that RPMet supplementation in the diet increased 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) yield (P < 0.05) and milk fat percentage (P < 0.05). However, supplemental RPMet had no effect on the solid non fat (SNF) (P > 0.05) and lactose percentage (P > 0.05). Dietary niacin supplementation increased milk yield (P < 0.05), milk protein percentage (P < 0.05) and lactose percentage (P < 0.05), but had no effect on milk fat percentage (P > 0.05) and SNF (P > 0.05). RPMet supplementation in the diet of lactating cows significantly decreased serum urea nitrogen (P < 0.01) and glucose contents (P < 0.05), but had no effects on nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol and triglyceride (P > 0.05). Niacin supplementation influenced the contents of glucose and NEFA in serum, but had no effects on the urea nitrogen, total cholesterol and triglyceride (P > 0.05).     

Effect of Hypoglycemia on Performances, Metabolites, and Hormones in Periparturient Dairy Cows

In this research work, 24 multiparous holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of hypoglycemia on periparturient metabolism and lactation performance. The cows were arranged into two groups of hypoglycemia （L） and normal plasma glucose （N） based on plasma glucose level. The same diets were fed ad libitum from 28 days before expected calving date to 28 days after calving. The parameters relative to energy balance, such as dry matter intake （DMI）, body weight （BW）, milk yield （MY）, and concentrations of plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids （NEFA）, β-hydroxybutyric acid （BHBA）, insulin （INS）, glucagons （GLN）, leptin （LP）, neuropeptide Y （NPY） in plasma were measured at regular intervals. Incidence of hypoglycemia was higher prepartum than that of postpartum （88% vs. 50%）, and the recurrence of hypoglycemia was reversed （31% vs. 100%）. Hypoglycemia did not affect feed intake before and after calving. With the increase of postpartum feed intake, incidence of hypoglycemia decreased rapidly, even disappeared at 28 days of postpartum. Hypoglycemia had no impact on prepartum BW, but BW in L group was lower than that of cows in N group at 1 day and 14 days of postpartum （P〈0.05）. Milk yield was not affected by hypoglycemia. Cows in L group had higher plasma NEFA concentration than cows in N group. It reached a peak （1442 μmol L^-1 vs. 1052 μmol L^-1） at day 1 of postpartum （P〈0.05）. Plasma BHBA concentration of cows in L group was higher than that in N group, which reached a peak （2.01 mmol L^-1 vs. 1.34 mmol L^-1） at 14 days of postpartum （P〈0.05）. Plasma concentration of INS and GLN was unaffected by treatment, but postpartum plasma GLN concentration obviously increased, especially in L group. Plasma concentration of LP and NPY before calving was unaffected by treatment, but postpartum LP level in L group was slightly lower than that in N group, and NPY level in L group was significantly higher than that in N group （P〈0.05）. Overall, periparturient dairy cows are easy to develop hypoglycemia, which stimulates lipid metabolism. Adaptive changes of some metabolites and hormones, such as NEFA, BHBA, INS, GLN, LP, NPY are of benefit to increase feed intake and recovery of NEB in periparturient period, but there still are some issues on interaction of those endocrine factors in the energy balance of periparturient cows to be understood further.     

“复方益孕液”治疗奶牛不孕症疗效及作用机理

选取产后60 d以上不发情,患有持久黄体和卵巢机能减退的不孕奶牛50例进行复方益孕液临床治疗试验,利用电化学发光免疫方法对部分患牛治疗前后血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)水平进行检测.结果表明,复方益孕液治疗奶牛持久黄体和卵巢机能减退后,发情率分别为83.3%和77.3%,受胎率分别为80.0%和76.5%,显著高于对照组(P<0.01).持久黄体患牛在处理后血清中E2水平不断升高,最高值为(17.81±7.32)pg/mL,P4水平逐渐降低.最低值为(0.75±0.46)ng/mL;卵巢机能减退患牛在处理后血中E2和P4水平均升高,最高值分别为(14.16±9.45)pg/mL和(4.23±1.85)ng/mL.结果表明复方益孕液对治疗奶牛持久黄体和卵巢机能减退引起的不孕症疗效显著,且具有微调体内激素,溶解黄体和诱导发情作用.     

奶牛酮病与胰岛素抵抗关系探讨

为探讨奶牛酮病与胰岛素抵抗的关系,选取产后14 d的酮病组(T)16头和健康对照组(C) 24头奶牛,比较酮病与对照组在能量平衡、肝功能状况、氧化应激、胰岛素敏感性以及耐糖量试验的差异.结果显示:酮病奶牛机体处于能量负平衡状态;肝功能指标中酮病组奶牛血浆天门冬氨酸转移酶、直接胆红素含量极显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01),总胆红素含量显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.05),胆碱酯酶含量极显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.01),总蛋白含量显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.05),丙氨酸氨基转移酶、间接胆红素、白蛋白、球蛋白含量与健康对照组差异不显著,表明病牛肝脏受到一定程度的损害;酮病组奶牛血浆丙二醛、超氧化歧化酶含量显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.05),表明病牛处于氧化应激状态;酮病奶牛血浆胰岛素敏感指数显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.05),表明病牛的胰岛素敏感性下降.葡萄糖耐量试验显示部分酮病奶牛血糖含量显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.05),在注射完葡萄糖120min后血糖浓度高达4.24 mmol/L,组间差异极显著(P=0.006),表明病牛存在胰岛素抵抗.奶牛酮病与胰岛素抵抗存在密切的关系,可能与肝功能与氧化应激有关.     

发酵中草药复合物对奶牛抗氧化和繁殖性能的影响

利用酿酒酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌发酵淫羊藿、肉苁蓉、阳起石等9种中草药,制备中草药复合物,选用24头健康的荷斯坦青年奶牛,随机分为3组(8头/组),分别为对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、1％试验组(饲喂基础日粮+1％中草药复合物)和2％试验组(饲喂基础日粮+2％中草药复合物),测定和记录各组奶牛的采食量、血清相关指标及繁殖功能指标...     

鸡源复合益生菌对肉仔鸡免疫球蛋白及Toll样受体通路的影响

目的 探究益生菌对肉仔鸡血清免疫球蛋白与肠道Toll样受体通路的影响。方法 选择90只1日龄白羽肉杂鸡,随机分为3组,即对照组、益生菌低剂量组和益生菌高剂量组。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,益生菌低剂量组在每千克基础日粮中添加复合益生菌10⁹ cfu,益生菌高剂量组在每千克基础日粮中添加复合益生菌2×10⁹ cfu。第21天,每组随机选取10只鸡放血致死,并立即采集样本,进行ELISA、免疫组化、qPCR及Western blot检测。结果 在第21天,益生菌低剂量组和益生菌高剂量组鸡的料肉比分别比对照组降低9%和12% (P<0.05),血清IgG含量分别升高28%和40% (P<0.01),血清IgM含量分别升高44%和58% (P<0.01)。益生菌低剂量组TLR4蛋白表达和mRNA相对表达量比对照组分别升高33%和28%,AP-1蛋白表达和mRNA相对表达量分别比对照组升高106%和67% (P<0.01);益生菌高剂量组TLR4蛋白表达及mRNA相对表达量比对照组分别升高106%和69%,AP-1蛋白表达及mRNA相对表达量比对照组分别升高163%和98% (P<0.01)。结论 饲喂益生菌可降低肉仔鸡料肉比,提高血清中IgG、IgM的含量,并且通过调节Toll样受体通路蛋白表达可以提高机体免疫力。     

回乳期奶牛血清PRL、E2、P4和STAT5含量的变化规律

为探究回乳期奶牛血清中促乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)、信号转导和转录激活因子5(STAT5)含量和产奶量变化规律及其相关性,选择规模化奶牛场产奶量为(15.43±0.60)kg,将干乳的妊娠后期奶牛20头为研究对象。干乳开始当天记为第0天,分别在第0、1、3、5、7、9和11天上午8:00采集奶牛尾静脉血,ELISA法检测血清中PRL、E2、P4和STAT5含量并对结果进行统计学处理,分析其在奶牛回乳过程中的变化规律及其相关性。结果表明:回乳期奶牛血清PRL含量和产奶量在0~1d变化不显著(P0.05),3~11d依次降低且差异极显著(P0.01);血清E2含量0~1d、3~5、7~9d、9~11d之间差异均不显著(P0.05),依次呈阶梯式下降趋势;血清STAT5含量同样呈下降趋势,回乳0~5d、7~11d差异不显著(P0.05),但0~5d与7~11d两阶段间差异极显著(P0.01);血清P4含量从回乳0~11d变化不显著(P0.05);回乳期奶牛产奶量与PRL、E2、STAT5含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),PRL、E2和STAT5含量变化两两间均呈极显著正相关(P0.01);P4含量变化与PRL、E2、STAT5含量和产奶量变化的相关性均不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在奶牛回乳期间,血清中PRL、E2和STAT5含量均呈降低趋势并显著正相关,而P4含量变化不显著且与其他激素无显著相关性,为进一步研究泌乳相关激素调控奶牛回乳的作用机理提供理论依据。     

Effects of ascites syndrome in broilers on their growth performances and the availability of energy and nutrients

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of ascites syndrome (AS) on the growth performance and availability of dietary energy and nutrients in broilers. One hundred and twenty one-day-old avian broilers were randomly allotted into two groups (control group and test group) with six replications of ten birds. In the test group, the addition of 3,3,5-triiodothyronine (T₃, 1.5 mg/kg diet) and low ambient temperature (LAT) were used to induce AS. Results showed that T₃ and LAT could successfully induce AS in broilers with an incidence rate of 66.7% and a mortality rate of 23.3%. Compared with the control, the bird growth performance of the test group was decreased (P < 0.05) and heart index was increased (P < 0.05). For the test group, the availability of dietary energy (P < 0.01), crude fat (P < 0.01), crude protein (P < 0.05), and most amino acids in the second week were lower compared with the control group. Results showed that the low availability of energy and nutrients and the poor growth resulted from the high AS incidence rate. Translated from Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2005, 23(4): 461–465 [译自: 四川农业大学学报]     

奶牛胎衣不下血清离子水平和机体抗氧化作用的研究

[目的]进一步探讨青海地区奶牛胎衣不下的发病原因。[方法]选择胎衣不下和胎衣正常排出的奶牛各15头分为两组。通过原子吸收光谱法测量两组奶牛分娩时和分娩后12h血清中8种金属元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mn的含量,同时用日产UV-1601双光束紫外可见分光光度计对两组奶牛分娩时血清中的抗氧化指标进行检测。[结果]与正常对照组比较,胎衣不下组血清中Mn、Zn、Cu、Ca和Mg含量显著降低（〈0.01）,Fe含量显著升高,K和Na含量没有明显变化;胎衣不下组奶牛血清中抗氧化酶总SOD和GSH-Px的活性明显降低（〈0.01）,而MDA含量显著提高（〈0.05）。[结论]奶牛的胎衣不下与其血清中金属离子水平和抗氧化指标间有一定的相关性。     

母猪饲粮添加脯氨酸对哺乳环江香猪血浆生化参数和氨基酸含量的影响

【目的】旨在研究母猪饲粮添加脯氨酸对哺乳环江香猪血浆生化参数和氨基酸含量的影响。【方法】选取15头配种后第16天的环江香猪,随机分成3组,每组5个重复(栏),每个重复1头猪。分别饲喂添加w为0.77%L–丙氨酸(等氮对照组)、w为1.00%L–脯氨酸(脯氨酸组)、w为0.77%L–丙氨酸+w为0.0167%二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DFMO组)的试验饲粮。于产后第7和第14天,每窝称体质量后随机选取1头哺乳仔猪,测定血浆生化参数和游离氨基酸含量。【结果】7日龄时,脯氨酸组和DFMO组血氨浓度显著低于等氮对照组(P0.05)。14日龄时,脯氨酸组仔猪体质量显著高于等氮对照组和DFMO组(P0.05),血氨浓度和胆碱酯酶活性显著高于DFMO组(P0.05),而肌酸激酶活性显著低于DFMO组(P0.05),血浆葡萄糖和脯氨酸浓度显著高于等氮对照组(P0.05);脯氨酸组和DFMO组血浆精氨酸浓度显著高于等氮对照组(P0.05);等氮对照组和脯氨酸组血浆天冬酰胺浓度显著低于DFMO组(P0.05);DFMO组血浆鸟氨酸浓度显著高于等氮对照组(P0.05)。【结论】母猪饲粮添加脯氨酸可通过影响哺乳仔猪葡萄糖和氨基酸代谢而促进其生长发育。     

中药对围产期奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

为探明中药对围产期健康奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响,选临床检查健康的围产期荷斯坦奶牛90头,按年龄、胎次和预产期相近的原则随机平均分成A、B、C 3组,A组:于预产期前15 d喂服中药加味四君子散(每头400 g/d),连用5 d,分娩后当天喂服益母生化散(每头400 g/d),连用2 d;B组:产前不喂服中药,分娩后当天喂服益母生化散(每头400 g/d)),连用2 d;C组为对照组,产前、产后均不喂服中药。各组奶牛分别测定干物质摄入量、日产奶量、乳成分及血液生化指标。结果显示:与对照组相比,A组奶牛干物质采食量增加10%以上(P<0.05),平均日产奶量提高10%以上(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量明显降低(P<0.05),血清葡萄糖、血清总蛋白和血清钙维持较高水平(P<0.05)。表明奶牛产前与产后喂服加味四君子散和益母生化散能有效改善血液生化指标并利于产后生产性能的充分发挥。     

大豆异黄酮和抗生素对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质和血浆抗氧化指标的影响

【目的】对比大豆异黄酮和抗生素对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质及血浆抗氧化指标的影响,为大豆异黄酮在文昌鸡生产中的实际应用提供参考。【方法】选用1日龄文昌鸡母雏540只。试验分3组,包括空白对照组、抗生素组和大豆异黄酮组,每组4个重复,每个重复45羽。分小鸡、中鸡和大鸡3个阶段进行试验。【结果】生长性能结果显示,1~30日龄小鸡各组之间的平均日增质量、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05);31~80日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的平均日增质量显著高于对照组(P0.05);81~120日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。肉品质结果显示,各组的肉色L*、a*、b*和pH差异均不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比,大豆异黄酮组的熟肉率显著提高(P0.05)。血浆抗氧化指标结果显示,31~80日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)活性显著高于抗生素组(P0.05);81~120日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的肌酸激酶(Creatine kinase,CK)活性显著低于抗生素组,谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)含量显著高于抗生素组,抗生素组和大豆异黄酮组的T-AOC活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】中鸡阶段饲粮中添加20 mg·kg~(–1)大豆异黄酮可以提高鸡日增质量和抗氧化水平;大鸡阶段饲粮中添加15 mg·kg~(–1)大豆异黄酮能够提高鸡采食量、熟肉率和抗氧化水平。     

口服理囊散治疗卵泡囊肿奶牛B超影像学研究

旨在研究口服理囊散对卵泡囊肿奶牛卵巢和子宫形态学指标变化的影响,探讨理囊散治疗卵泡囊肿的作用机理。通过直肠检查结合B超对卵泡囊肿奶牛做出诊断后,对囊肿奶牛口服理囊散,运用B超每3d测量1次囊肿卵泡直径、卵巢长、卵巢宽、子宫角纵径和子宫颈纵径,并与灌药前进行对比。结果显示,32头卵泡囊肿奶牛口服理囊散后,治疗有效者28头,治疗有效率为87.5%;囊肿卵泡直径在口服理囊散的第4天显著减小(P<0.05),灌药后第7天达到正常,部分奶牛发情并排卵;囊肿卵巢的长宽和口服理囊散前相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但均达到正常卵巢大小;子宫角纵径在口服理囊散后第16天下降显著P<0.05),其余时间不显著(P>0.05);子宫颈纵径在口服理囊散后变化不显著(P>0.05),但均低于灌药前。说明B超是诊断卵泡囊肿的有效手段,理囊散对卵泡囊肿奶牛卵巢和子宫形态学变化具有一定的作用,对治疗卵泡囊肿奶牛也有明显效果。     

Effect of breed, sex and birth parity on growth, carcass and meat quality in pigs

The effects of breed, sex and birth parity on the traits of growth, carcass and meat quality were investigated in three different breeds including Swedish Landrace, British Large White and an indigenous Chinese breed — Tongcheng pigs. The results indicated that the Swedish Landrace and the British Large White had advantages over the Tongcheng pigs in growth rate, feed conversion rate (FCR) and carcass traits, but had disadvantages in meat quality. In contrast to the British Large White, the Swedish Landrace had higher average daily gain during the trial (ADG2) (877.04 g·day⁻¹ vs. 813.95 g·day⁻¹, P < 0.05), and marbling score (MS) (2.48 vs. 2.02, P < 0.01), larger eye muscle area (EMA) (41.80 cm² vs. 35.14 cm, P < 0.01) and more efficient feed conversion rate (FCR) (3.06 vs. 3.29, P < 0.05), lower muscle shear force (MSF) (4.20 kgf (1 kgf = 9.80665 N) vs. 4.93 kgf, P < 0.05) and backfat thickness (BF) (all P < 0.01) including live backfat thickness (LBF), average backfat thickness at 3 points in the carcass (ABF), backfat thickness between 6th and 7th ribs (6–7 th BF) and backfat thickness at 10th rib (10 th BF). There was a difference (P < 0.05) only inMS between castrated females (CF) and castrated males (CM). Birth parity affected ADG2 (P < 0.05), some carcass characteristics and meat quality, including CL₁ (P < 0.001), CL₂ (P < 0.05), BF (ABF, 6–7th BF and 10th BF, all P < 0.001), EMD (P, 0.001), EMA (P < 0.001), percentage of leaf and caul fat (PLC) (P < 0.05), proportion of lean and bone of the ham (PLBH) (P < 0.05), muscle drip loss percentage (DL) (P < 0.05) and intramuscular fat content (IMF) (P < 0.05). The breed-sex interaction only impacted the average daily gain from birth to marketing (ADG1) and DL (both P < 0.05). However, there was no significant effect of sex-parity interaction on all the traits tested.     

非抗性筛选抑制素基因疫苗免疫对奶牛产后子宫复旧的影响

将24头产后7 d的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,高、中、低剂量免疫组(记为T1、T2、T3)分别注射1010、109、108 CFU/mL无抗性基因的抑制素真核表达质粒基因疫苗(重组菌C500(pXAIS))各3 mL,对照组(CK)注射10%生理盐水3 mL。初次免疫28 d后进行加强免疫。用B超诊断仪检测产后奶牛子宫恢复情况。结果表明:加强免疫能提高抗抑制素抗体P/N值,各免疫组P/N值均高于对照组,其中T1和T2组均与对照组差异显著(P0.05),加强免疫7 d,后T1组抗体阳性率最高,达83.33%;抑制素基因疫苗免疫30 d内,前21 d子宫颈和子宫孕角恢复较快,后7 d恢复较慢,各免疫组奶牛产后子宫颈恢复时间短于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);各免疫组产后子宫孕角恢复时间比对照组短,且T1组的恢复时间(28.75±1.92)d)与对照组((33.75±1.09)d)差异显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在本试验条件下,非抗性筛选的抑制素真核表达质粒基因疫苗免疫产后奶牛,加强免疫后能引起较好的免疫应答,且能促进奶牛产后子宫复旧。     

复方中药超微粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能、生殖激素及相关基因表达的影响

【目的】研究复方中药超微粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能、生殖激素及相关基因表达的影响。【方法】试验选取307日龄的新杨黑羽蛋鸡216只,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复9只;对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza+0.25%女贞子Ligustrum lucidum+0.25%蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum(复方1)、0.3%益母草Leonurus japonicus+0.2%丹参+0.25%女贞子+0.25%蒲公英(复方2)的超微粉,均以质量分数计;预试期7 d,正试期120 d。测定产蛋性能、蛋品质、血浆生殖激素水平,用RT-PCR技术检测蛋品质相关基因表达。【结果】与对照组相比,试验1～30、31～60和1～120 d,复方1组产蛋率分别增加7.56%、4.00%和5.31%(P<0.05);试验1～120 d,复方2组产蛋率增加5.22%(P<0.05);试验第60天,复方1组血浆雌二醇水平、输卵管PMCA1的mRNA相对表达量分别增加21.45%和77.00%(P <0.05),复方2组输卵管KC...     

中西药结合治疗奶牛临床性乳房炎的疗效观察

为选择有效防治奶牛乳房炎的方法,选取100头确诊患临床型乳房炎的奶牛,随机分为4个处理组,试验Ⅰ、试验Ⅱ、试验Ⅲ组各30头,对照组10头,试验Ⅰ组采用中药治疗,试验Ⅱ组采用西药治疗,试验Ⅲ组采用中西药结合治疗,对照组不使用任何药物,试验期为15d。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组共治愈25头,治愈率为83%;好转2头,治疗有效率达90%;试验Ⅲ组分别比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组多治愈10头和14头,治疗有效率分别高出30个百分点和47个百分点(P<0.01);②3个试验组和对照组试验前产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05);用药15d后,试验Ⅲ组提高较为明显,平均日产奶量为(32.16±5.68)kg,分别比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组提高了6.79kg和7.01kg(P<0.01);③试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组有效治疗数分别为18头、13头和27头,头均日产奶量为25.37kg、25.15kg和32.16kg,日总产奶量分别为456.66kg、326.95kg和868.32kg,试验Ⅲ组分别比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组多产411.66kg和541.37kg,收入增加1 812元和2 382元(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,中西药结合治疗奶牛乳房炎是目前最有效的方法,应大力推广。     

热应激期日粮添加酵母铬对奶牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响

根据胎次、泌乳期和产奶量,按随机单位组方法将44头泌乳120 d,日均产奶量为27.70 kg的奶牛分为4组,每组11头.预饲期15 d,正试期45 d,试验期温湿指数为81.5.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中添加酵母铬(精料中,Cr的质量分数分别为0.40、0.80、1.20 mg.kg-1),研究热应激期日粮添加酵母铬对奶牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响.结果表明:试验组奶牛产奶量较对照组均有不同程度提高,其中以试验Ⅱ组效果最佳,提高6.26%(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清游离三碘腺原氨酸(FT3)含量和FT3与游离甲状腺素(FT4)的比值(FT3/FT4)较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组血清胰岛素活性较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组日粮干物质进食量(DM I)较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),但随着Cr含量的增加,DM I提高的趋势逐渐减弱;各试验组奶样中Cr含量符合NY5045-2001卫生标准.