The detection and characterization of a nontransiting planet by transit timing variations

The Kepler mission is monitoring the brightness of ~150,000 stars, searching for evidence of planetary transits. As part of the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK) project, we report a planetary system with two confirmed planets and one candidate planet discovered with the publicly available data for KOI-872. Planet b transits the host star with a period P(b) = 33.6 days and exhibits large transit timing variations indicative of a perturber. Dynamical modeling uniquely detects an outer nontransiting planet c near the 5:3 resonance (P(c) = 57.0 days) with a mass 0.37 times that of Jupiter. Transits of a third planetary candidate are also found: a 1.7-Earth radius super-Earth with a 6.8-day period. Our analysis indicates a system with nearly coplanar and circular orbits, reminiscent of the orderly arrangement within the solar system.     

Complex multicolor tilings and critical phenomena in tetraphilic liquid crystals

T-shaped molecules with a rod-like aromatic core and a flexible side chain form liquid crystal honeycombs with aromatic cell walls and a cell interior filled with the side chains. Here, we show how the addition of a second chain, incompatible with the first (X-shaped molecules), can form honeycombs with highly complex tiling patterns, with cells of up to five different compositions ("colors") and polygonal shapes. The complexity is caused by the inability of the side chains to separate cleanly because of geometric frustration. Furthermore, a thermoreversible transition was observed between a multicolor (phase-separated) and a single-color (mixed) honeycomb phase. This is analogous to the Curie transition in simple and frustrated ferro- and antiferromagnets; here spin flips are replaced by 180° reorientations of the molecules.     

胡萝卜抗冻蛋白基因克隆及植物表达载体构建

以胡萝卜品种 Autumn King的幼苗为材料 ,用 CTAB法提取其基因组 DNA,以 PCR ( Polym eraseChain Reaction)的方法在体外扩增出胡萝卜抗冻蛋白基因 ( afp) ,以 p UCm - T Vector为载体构建成胡萝卜 afp的克隆载体 p TAF,用 Eco R 消化重组质粒 p TAF使其线性化 ,再用 DNA聚合酶 Klenow大片段补平末端 ,然后用Xba 消化 ,获得一末端粘 ,一末端平的目的片段 ( afp)。植物表达载体 p BI12 1用 X ba 和 Sma 双酶切 ,获得一末端粘 ,一末端平的线性质粒。将目的片段与线性质粒在 T4DNA连接酶的作用下进行定向连接 ,构建成胡萝卜 afp的植物表达载体 p BAF     

Identification of HTLV-III/LAV sor gene product and detection of antibodies in human sera

The nucleotide sequence of the genome of HTLV-III, the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predicts a small open reading frame, termed sor, located between the pol and env genes. A DNA segment containing 82 percent of the sor region was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJL6, to determine whether sor encodes a viral protein and to gain some insight into its possible function. The bacterially synthesized sor protein reacted with sera from individuals infected with HTLV-III, indicating that sor is expressed as a protein product or products that are immunogenic in vivo. Antibodies to the purified, bacterially synthesized sor protein were found to react specifically with the same protein and also with a protein of molecular weight 23,000 (23K) in HTLV-III-infected H9 cell extracts. The 23K protein comigrated with a protein immunoprecipitated by the serum of a hemophiliac patient with antibodies to HTLV-III, suggesting that this protein is probably the sor gene product.     

Structural studies on transfer RNA: preliminary crystallographic analysis

Single-crystal diffraction patterns from Escherichia coli leucine tRNA and yeast formylmethionine tRNA show a tetragonal lattice for the former, with a = 46 angstroms and c = 137 angstroms, and a hexagonal lattice for the latter, with a = 115 angstroms and c = 137 angstroms. Initial analysis suggests a molecule with a long, double helix parallel to the c-axis for both crystals.     

沙坡头地区猫头刺(Oxytropis aciphylla)根际AM真菌时空分布研究

2007年5月、8月和10月分别从宁夏沙坡头地区的猫头刺根际分5个土层采集土壤样品,系统研究了AM真菌时空分布以及与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明:土层深度对AM真菌定殖率和孢子密度有显著影响,最高定殖率出现在10~30 cm土层,最大孢子密度出现在0~10 cm土层;猫头刺在3个时期均有较高的AM真菌定殖率和孢子密度,AM真菌平均总定殖率为86.98%,孢子密度平均为836.97个/100g土。孢子密度与有机质和碱解氮显著正相关,与速效磷极显著正相关,菌丝定殖率与碱解氮极显著正相关,总定殖率与碱解氮极显著正相关,与pH值显著负相关。蛋白酶活性与泡囊定殖率显著负相关,脲酶活性与菌丝定殖率和总定殖率显著正相关,与孢子密度极显著正相关。     

Implementing the quantum von Neumann architecture with superconducting circuits

The von Neumann architecture for a classical computer comprises a central processing unit and a memory holding instructions and data. We demonstrate a quantum central processing unit that exchanges data with a quantum random-access memory integrated on a chip, with instructions stored on a classical computer. We test our quantum machine by executing codes that involve seven quantum elements: Two superconducting qubits coupled through a quantum bus, two quantum memories, and two zeroing registers. Two vital algorithms for quantum computing are demonstrated, the quantum Fourier transform, with 66% process fidelity, and the three-qubit Toffoli-class OR phase gate, with 98% phase fidelity. Our results, in combination especially with longer qubit coherence, illustrate a potentially viable approach to factoring numbers and implementing simple quantum error correction codes.     

8种杀虫剂防治甘蔗螟虫田间药效试验及评价

采用沟施方法研究了8种杀虫剂对甘蔗螟虫的田间防治效果。结果表明,0．3％氟虫腈颗粒剂0．1kga．i．／hm^2,8％毒死蜱·杀螟单颗粒剂2．25kga．i．／hm^2,3％呋喃丹颗粒剂1．8kga．i．／hm^2对甘蔗螟虫的防效均超过80％,10％二嗪磷颗粒剂3．0kga．i．／hm^2,3％氯唑磷颗粒剂2．7kga．i．／hm^2对甘蔗螟虫的防效均低于65％。     

Intersubband electroluminescence from silicon-based quantum cascade structures

The quantum cascade laser, which uses electronic transitions within a single band of a semiconductor, constitutes a possible way to integrate active optical components into silicon-based technology. This concept necessitates a transition with a narrow linewidth and an upper state with a sufficiently long lifetime. We report the observation of intersubband electroluminescence from a p-type silicon/silicon-germanium quantum cascade structure, centered at 130 millielectron volts with a width of 22 millielectron volts, with the expected polarization, and discernible up to 180 kelvin. The nonradiative lifetime is found to depend strongly on the design of the quantum well structure, and is shown to reach values comparable to that of an equivalent GaInAs/AlInAs laser structure.     

Cavity cooling below the recoil limit

Conventional laser cooling relies on repeated electronic excitations by near-resonant light, which constrains its area of application to a selected number of atomic species prepared at moderate particle densities. Optical cavities with sufficiently large Purcell factors allow for laser cooling schemes, avoiding these limitations. Here, we report on an atom-cavity system, combining a Purcell factor above 40 with a cavity bandwidth below the recoil frequency associated with the kinetic energy transfer in a single photon scattering event. This lets us access a yet-unexplored regime of atom-cavity interactions, in which the atomic motion can be manipulated by targeted dissipation with sub-recoil resolution. We demonstrate cavity-induced heating of a Bose-Einstein condensate and subsequent cooling at particle densities and temperatures incompatible with conventional laser cooling.     

Holes in a Quantum Spin Liquid

Magnetic neutron scattering provides evidence for nucleation of antiferromagnetic droplets around impurities in a doped nickel oxide-based quantum magnet. The undoped parent compound contains a spin liquid with a cooperative singlet ground state and a gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum. Calcium doping creates excitations below the gap with an incommensurate structure factor. We show that weakly interacting antiferromagnetic droplets with a central phase shift of pi and a size controlled by the correlation length of the quantum liquid can account for the data. The experiment provides a quantitative impression of the magnetic polarization cloud associated with holes in a doped transition metal oxide.     

耳穴压豆改善维持性血透患者失眠症60例临床观察

目的观察耳穴压豆改善维持性血液透析患者失眠的临床疗效。方法对60例患者在常规接受血透的基础上实施耳穴压豆治疗,经治疗8周后统计疗效。结果耳穴压豆治疗失眠的总有效率达93.33%。结论耳穴压豆能改善血透患者的失眠状况。     

Infantile experience with suckling odors determines adult sexual behavior in male rats

Because infant rats learn about odors that elicit suckling, and because certain chemosensory cues that help elicit mating behavior in adults are similar to those that elicit suckling, an experiment was undertaken to assess the influence of suckling-associated odors experienced during infancy on adult sexual behavior. Rat pups lived with and suckled dams whose nipple and vaginal odors were altered with citral, a lemon scent. The rats were weaned and never exposed again, until testing, to citral or females. At about 100 days of age, the males were paired in mating tests with a normal sexually receptive female or with a sexually receptive female that had been treated perivaginally with citral immediately before testing. The males ejaculated readily when paired with citral-treated females but were slow to achieve ejaculation when paired with normal females. These findings implicate an infantile experience as a determinant of adult sexual behavior in a mammal.     

Hemophilia A: polymorphism detectable by a factor 8 antibody

Plasma from 54 patients with hemophilia A was tested for neutralizing activity with a human antibody to factor VIII. The plasma from 52 patients had no demonstrable neutralizing activity. Two plasma samples had neutralizing activity equivalent to that of normal plasma despite the lack of factor VIII clotting activity. Apparently, most patients with hemophilia A do not synthesize factor VIII, whereas a few synthesize an inactive molecule with a presumed genetic structural mutation of the active site but with antigenic determinants in common with normal factor VIII. Thus, hemophilia A is a disease caused by more than a single genetic mechanism.     

莜麦主要农艺性状相关分析

分析了莜麦主要性状的相关性。结果表明,株高与穗粒数、穗粒重呈正相关,与千粒重呈负相关;穗长与穗粒数、穗粒重、旗叶面积呈正相关,与千粒重呈负相关;穗叶距与千粒重、穗节距呈正相关;旗叶面积与千粒重、穗粒数、穗粒重呈正相关;穗粒重与千粒重、穗粒数呈正相关。     

陕西省退耕还林工程区植被覆盖度的变化分析

利用MODIS NDVI数据和像元二分模型计算的植被覆盖度,比较分析退耕还林工程区与周边区域、主要土地利用类型、不同坡度耕地植被覆盖度变化程度和趋势。结果表明：（1） 陕西省退耕还林区植被覆盖度从2000年到2011年呈现显著的增长趋势,增长速率高于周边区域;（2） 退耕还林区植被覆盖变化百分率≥10%的面积占79.8%,≤-10%所占面积不及1%;（3） 退耕还林区植被覆盖度显著增加的面积占其总面积的70.6%,显著减少的面积仅占0.1%,植被覆盖度显著增加的情况主要出现在未利用地、草地、林地和耕地,显著和极显著降低的发生在城乡、工矿、居民用地和极少部分耕地;（4） 坡耕地植被覆盖改善比例大,坡耕地植被覆盖改善对于耕地植被改善贡献较大。在陕西省气候呈现暖干化发展趋势背景下,退耕还林区植被覆盖度呈现显著增长趋势,增长速率高于周边区域,坡耕地、林地、草地均比其他类型有明显的增加,退耕还林政策实施区域取得了良好的植被恢复效果。     

具有参数激励约简的扰动KdV方程的混沌行为

研究了具有参数激励约简的扰动KdV方程的混沌动力学行为.利用改进的Melnikov方法分析了由于同宿轨道的横截相交而产生的混沌行为.对周期外激励、周期线性参数激励和周期非线性参数激励下的扰动KdV方程的混沌行为进行了比较,发现划分混沌区与非混沌区的临界曲线是互不相同的.尤其是对非线性参数激励系统,存在"死频率".当这类系统受到该频率激励时,不论激励的振幅多大,混沌也不会发生.用时间积分法对上述系统进行了数值计算,结果与理论分析一致.     

河田鸡日粮能量和粗蛋白质水平的研究

试验采用L9（3^4)正交设计，公母各分为9组，饲养期为16周，分为4个阶段，研究河田鸡全程日粮适宜代谢能（ME）和粗蛋白质（CP）水平。结果表明，性别不同、生长阶段不同，其最佳代谢能和粗蛋白质水平也不同；日粮营养水平对体重、日增重均有显著的影响（P＜0.05)。在一定能量水平下，日增重与蛋白质水平呈正相关；料内比在低能阶段与蛋白质呈正相关，在高能阶段与蛋白质呈负相关，但这受生长速度的影响；每克增重所消耗的蛋白质与日粮蛋白质水平呈正相关，与日粮能量呈负相关；每克增重所消耗的能量与日粮蛋白质呈负相关，而与日粮能量关系不大。日粮能量与蛋白质的平衡对生产性能具有显著影响。     

High-Frequency Electric Shearing Unit for Sheep

A comparative analysis of sheep-shearing machines has been performed. Advantages and disadvantages of shearing machines with a single-phase commutator motor compared to a three-phase asynchronous electric motor with a short-circuited rotor are identified. An individual electric shearing unit with the improved converter and upgraded cutting machine with a vertical push mechanism is offered. This assembly equipment increases the efficiency of shearing the sheep due to the improved characteristics of the converter and the working parts of the shearing machine. The frequency converter has an energy saving function reducing the energy losses. The weight of the improved converter compared to the prototype is decreased by 2.1 kg. The vertical push mechanism gives a threefold reduction in the uneven pressing of the knife to the comb in a sharing machine. Comparative analysis of sheep-shearing machines has been performed. Advantages and disadvantages of shearing machines with a single-phase commutator motor compared to the three-phase asynchronous electric motor with a short-circuited rotor are identified. An individual electric shearing unit with the improved converter and upgraded cutting machine with a vertical push mechanism is offered. This assembly equipment increases the efficiency of shearing the sheep due to the improved characteristics.     

冀北山地华北落叶松人工林土壤养分的变化规律

为了解随林龄增长华北落叶松人工林土壤养分含量的变化规律,选择4种不同林龄（9年生、18年生、33年生、43年生）的华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,对林下土壤的养分特征及其空间变化进行了研究。结果表明,土壤的有机质、碱解氮及全氮含量总体上以43年生华北落叶松人工林最高;速效钾及全钾含量有随林分年龄的增加而逐渐降低的趋势;磷元素则随林龄的增加呈现先下降后上升的趋势;同时,各林分土壤有效磷含量均相对偏低。有机质、碱解氮、全氮、速效钾、全钾及全磷的含量都随土层深度的增加逐渐下降,而有效磷含量则表现出先下降后又上升的趋势,拐点在40 cm左右。总体上,人工落叶松林土壤随林分年龄增加未表现出明显的退化趋势。