Pheromonally induced sexual maturation in females: regulation by the social environment of the male

Social subordination, which suppresses gonadal function in juvenile and adult male house mice, also suppresses the activity of an androgen-dependent urinary pheromone that accelerates the rate of sexual maturation in juvenile females. Pheromone production may also be suppressed by the presence of pregnant or lactating females. This suggests that the social environment may influence the fertility of population females by altering urinary pheromone activity in the male.     

波尔山羊发情周期和妊娠期外周血浆中孕酮、雌二醇和睾酮的浓度变化

测定了波尔山羊在发情周期 ( 4头 )和妊娠期 ( 5头 )外周血浆中孕酮、雌二醇和睾酮的浓度变化 ,结果显示 :发情开始孕酮浓度很低 [( 1.5± 0 .2 3)ng/ml],第 7d开始明显升高 [( 3.5± 0 .2 3)ng/ml],第 11d达最高[( 8.3± 0 .2 3)ng/ml],以后逐渐下降 ;雌二醇含量在发情当天最高 [( 6 4 .4± 9.6 )pg/ml],然后下降 ,但有波动 ;睾酮浓度在发情时较低 [( 15 .0± 2 .1)pg/ml],第 11d达最高 [( 30 .2± 5 .3)pg/ml]。在妊娠期的最初 15d ,3种激素的变化与发情周期相类似 ,但第 2 0d后孕酮明显升高 [( 12 .7± 3.3)ng/ml],以后至分娩前维持在较高水平 ;雌二醇从 2 0d起开始上升 ,分娩前 7d达最高 [( 15 3.7± 16 .7)pg/ml],分娩后下降到较低水平 ;妊娠后 10d血浆睾酮浓度较低 ,维持在 2 0～ 5 0pg/ml内波动 ,分娩前 7d上升至最高 [( 75 .3± 13.3)pg/ml],分娩后下降至较低水平     

Uncus and amiygdala lesions: effects on social behavior in the free-ranging rhesus monkey

The eflect of uncinectomny on the social behavior of free-ranging rhesus monkeys was observed on Cayo Santiago Island. Operated subjects showed social indifjerence, failed to display appropriate aggressive and submissive gestures. were expelled from their social group, and evenitlually died. Two juvenile subjects with the lesion restricted to amygdala survived and have rejoinied their social group. Size of lesion and age at operation were major factors in determniting the degree of behavioral change.     

Inhibitory centers in sexual behavior in the male rat

Small lesions placed near the diencephalic, mesencephalic junction, in either the lateral or medial mammillary region, resulted in an increase of copulatory behavior. This increase was expressed both by increased numbers of copulation plugs formed per 14-day interval and by increased percentage of days on which copulation occurred. Inhibitory structures thus form an essential part of the circuitry involved in mediation of sex behavior in the male.     

Menstrual cycle influences grooming behavior and sexual activity in the Rhesus monkey

The time spent by the female rhesus monkey in grooming the male fluctuates rhythmically and reaches a minimum at mid-cycle. At this time the male's grooming activity reaches a maximum. The rhythmic changes in male mounting behavior, together with the males' and females' grooming cycles, are abolished by ovariectomy and have a hormonal basis.     

Enhancement of sexual motivation in male rats by yohimbine

Yohimbine hydrochloride, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased sexual motivation in male rats as evidenced by increased mounting performance in mating tests conducted after genital anesthetization, increased percentage of male rats ejaculating in their first heterosexual encounter, and induction of copulatory behavior in sexually inactive male rats. These observations lead to the suggestion that alpha-adrenoceptors are important modulators of sexual arousal in intact male rats. These results indicate that pharmacological treatment of sexual (libido) dysfunction may be useful.     

Testosterone regulation of sexual reflexes in spinal male rats

Castrated male rats with complete midthoracic spinal transections were maintained on exogenous testosterone; they showed intermittent clusters of genital responses consisting of erections, quick flips, and long flips of the penis when gentle pressure was con stantly applied to its base. The number of these genital responses per 30-minute test was markedly influenced by withdrawal or administration of testosterone.     

Neonatal castration: influence on neural organization of sexual reflexes in male rats

Most male rats castrated 4 days after birth and given exogenous testosterone in adulthood were sexually motivated but incapable of completing the mating sequence with an ejaculatory response. When tested for sexual reflexes after spinal transection, these animals displayed impairment of genital responses. Similarly treated 12-day castrates exhibited a complete mating sequence and had normal sexual reflexes. Thus neonatal testicular androgen appears to have an organizational influence at the spinal level on neural tissue mediating sexual reflexes.     

Hormone-mediated nutritional control of sexual behavior in male dung flies

Male Scatophaga stercoraria must prey on other Diptera before they display sexual behavior, develop the accessory cells of their ejaculatory ducts, and achieve full elongation of the testes. The corpus allatum also becomes enlarged after predation and is necessary for the onset of sexual behavior and development of reproductive organs. The complex diet consumed during predation apparently activates the corpus allatum, and the hormone released acts independently on organ growth and sexual behavior.     

二花脸和大约克夏公猪不同发育时期睾酮分泌特性

随机选取 3,2 0 ,30 ,90 ,12 0和 180日龄纯种二花脸和大约克夏公猪各 4头 ,屠宰后采取血样和睾丸组织样 ,测定血清和睾丸组织中睾酮含量。结果表明 ,90日龄前 ,两品种公猪血清睾酮水平均维持在较低水平 ,血清睾酮水平从 90日龄开始 ,随日龄增加二花脸公猪极显著升高 (P〈0 0 1) ,而大约克夏公猪的则从 12 0日龄开始显著上升 (P〈0 0 5 )。二花脸公猪的血清睾酮水平显著高于大约克夏公猪 (P〈0 0 5 )。不同日龄的公猪睾丸组织中睾酮含量的变化与血清睾酮水平的变化趋势相反 ,3日龄时睾丸组织中睾酮含量最高 ,以后随日龄增加而下降 ,二花脸公猪在 2 0和 90日龄时急剧下降 (P〈0 0 1) ,大约克夏公猪 90日龄前随日龄显著降低 (P〈0 0 5 ) ,90日龄后保持相对稳定。睾丸组织中睾酮含量二花脸公猪极显著低于大约克夏公猪 (P〈0 0 1)。     

高效液相色谱法测定柞蚕雄蛾浓缩液中睾丸酮含量

用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定柞蚕雄蛾浓缩液中睾丸酮的含量为46.90μg／ml,检测波长为242nm,线性范围20-70μg/ml,r=0.999,样品回收率为99.91％（n=5）,RSD值为0.932％。该法快速、准确、重现性好,且具有灵敏度和精密度高等优点,可作为对柞蚕雄蛾浓缩液进行质量控制的方法。     

Compulsive sexual activity induced by p-chlorophenylalanine in normal and pinealectomized male rats

p-Chlorophenylalanine depletes brain serotonin and induces longlasting sexual excitation in male rats. The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine is potentiated by pargyline. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to rats treated with p-chlorophenylalanine plus pargyline blocks the sexual excitation. p-Chlorophenylalanine also elicits sexual excitation in pinealectomized rats; this effect is not mediated by the lack of indole hormones in the pineal but may be the consequence of depletion of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the brain and the resulting imbalance between 5-hydroxytryptophan and catecholamine activity in the central nervous system.     

哮喘患者血浆肾上腺髓质素和内皮素水平的变化及临床意义

目的观察哮喘患者血浆肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedullin,ADM)、内皮素(endothelin,ET)水平的变化,探讨ADM、ET在哮喘发病中的作用及临床意义。方法选择轻、中度哮喘患者47例作为研究对象,其中急性发作期患者24例,缓解期23例,并以健康成人15例作为对照组,采用放射免疫的方法测定血浆ADM和ET水平,同时检测患者肺通气功能。结果哮喘急性发作期患者血浆ADM、ET水平明显高于缓解期患者和健康人(P<0.05),而哮喘缓解期患者血浆ADM、ET水平均较健康人稍增高,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。哮喘急性发作期ADM与ET呈正相关(r=0.614,P=0.001<0.05),哮喘急性发作期ADM、ET均与FEV1%pre呈负相关(r1=-0.629,P<0.01;r2=-0.574,P<0.05)。结论血浆ADM、ET水平与哮喘发病有一定关系,ADM、ET水平对哮喘患者病情严重程度的评价具有一定意义。     

高血压病患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮含量的变化及其意义

目的 :探讨高血压病 (EH)患者血浆内皮素 (ET)和一氧化氮 (NO)含量变化及其意义。方法 :检测 60例高血压病患者血浆 ET和 NO含量 ,选择 30例健康体检者作对照组。结果 :(1 ) EH患者血浆 ET浓度明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,NO浓度明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;且随着高血压程度的加重 ,血浆 ET升高及 NO降低均越明显 (P<0 .0 1或 <0 .0 5)。 (2 )经治疗后 EH患者的 ET浓度明显降低(P<0 .0 1 ) ,NO浓度明显升高 (P<0 .0 1 )。 (3) EH患者血浆 ET与 NO呈负相关 (r=- 0 .51 4 6,P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :ET和 NO均参与高血压的发生和发展 ,血浆 ET和 NO变化可作为判断 EH患者病情一个重要指标。     

高血压病患者血浆白细胞介素18水平的检测与分析

目的 :了解白细胞介素 1 8(IL- 1 8)在高血压病发病机制中的作用。方法 :采用双抗体夹心法 ELISA法对不同等级的高血压病患者和高血压病合并心力衰竭患者 35例及 30名健康者的血浆 IL- 1 8水平作了检测和比较。结果 :高血压病患者血浆 IL- 1 8水平显著高于正常对照组 (t=4.60 3,P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,并随高血压病级别的上升而升高 (P均 <0 .0 5) ;合并心力衰竭患者血浆 IL- 1 8水平显著高于无心力衰竭者 (t=2 .81 ,P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :高血压病的发生可能有 IL- 1 8参与。     

Adaptive plasticity in female mate choice dampens sexual selection on male ornaments in the lark bunting

Theory on the evolution of ornamental male traits by sexual selection assumes consistency in selection over time. Temporal variation in female choice could dampen sexual selection, but scant information exists on the degree to which individual female preferences are flexible. Here we show that in lark buntings sexual selection on male traits varied dramatically across years and, in some cases, exhibited reversals in the direction of selection for a single trait. We show that these shifts are probably because of flexibility in mate choice by individual females and that they parallel shifts in the male traits that predict female reproductive success in a given year. Plasticity in choice and concomitant reversals in mating patterns across time may weaken the strength of sexual selection and could maintain genetic variation underlying multiple sexual ornaments.     

甲基睾酮与雄烯二酮诱导日本鳗鲡精子发生:离体研究

用甲基睾酮（MT）与雄烯二酮（ADSD）孵育性未成熟的塘养日本鳗鲡离体精巢，研究MT与ADSD诱导精子发生的效果。结果表明，未经激素处理的离体精巢中只有A型精原细胞与早期B型精原细胞；用含200μg/L MT的无血清孵育液孵育离体精巢36天，可诱导精子发生的全过程，包括精原细胞的有丝分裂，初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞的发生及精子的形成等；用含200μg/L ADSD的无血清孵育液孵育离体精巢36天，可诱导精巢发育到第Ⅲ期晚期。     

大鳞鲃生长、血清性激素水平和性腺发育的研究

为掌握大鳞鲃Luciobarbus capito F1代生长、血清性激素变化、性腺发育规律和后备亲鱼的初次性成熟时间,采用形态学、组织学和生物化学方法,对养殖条件下1⁵龄大鳞鲃的生长特点、血清性激素含量和性腺发育进行了研究。结果表明:随着年龄的增长,大鳞鲃体质量和体长显著增加(P<0.05),体长与体质量的关系式为W=0.012L2.99(R2=0.99),Von Bertalanffy生长方程为Lt=107.43[1-e-0.15(t+0.067)]、Wt=12939[1-e-0.15(t+0.067)]2.99;15龄大鳞鲃的生长特点、血清性激素含量和性腺发育进行了研究。结果表明:随着年龄的增长,大鳞鲃体质量和体长显著增加(P<0.05),体长与体质量的关系式为W=0.012L2.99(R2=0.99),Von Bertalanffy生长方程为Lt=107.43[1-e-0.15(t+0.067)]、Wt=12939[1-e-0.15(t+0.067)]2.99;1⁵龄雄鱼血清中雌二醇(17β-estradiol,17β-E2)含量均低于雌鱼,15龄雄鱼血清中雌二醇(17β-estradiol,17β-E2)含量均低于雌鱼,1⁴龄雌鱼血清中17β-E2含量随年龄的增加而升高,在4龄时达到最高值,为(713.00±424.89)pg/m L;5龄雄鱼血清中的睾丸酮(Testosterone,T)含量最高,为(1.12±0.81)ng/m L,其余各龄组血清中T含量无显著性差异(P>0.05);大鳞鲃精巢为典型的小叶型结构,精小叶间有间质细胞,小叶内有支持细胞及精小囊结构,精子发育可分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞、成熟精子5个时相,5龄雄鱼成熟系数(GSI)达到最大值(0.83%);大鳞鲃卵巢中卵母细胞发育可分5个时相,GSI为0.51%4龄雌鱼血清中17β-E2含量随年龄的增加而升高,在4龄时达到最高值,为(713.00±424.89)pg/m L;5龄雄鱼血清中的睾丸酮(Testosterone,T)含量最高,为(1.12±0.81)ng/m L,其余各龄组血清中T含量无显著性差异(P>0.05);大鳞鲃精巢为典型的小叶型结构,精小叶间有间质细胞,小叶内有支持细胞及精小囊结构,精子发育可分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞、成熟精子5个时相,5龄雄鱼成熟系数(GSI)达到最大值(0.83%);大鳞鲃卵巢中卵母细胞发育可分5个时相,GSI为0.51%⁸.90%,5龄雌鱼成熟系数最大(8.90%)。研究表明,大鳞鲃雌鱼性腺4龄时部分成熟,5龄时完全成熟,雄鱼性腺比雌鱼早成熟一年,在人工繁殖过程中,大鳞鲃后备亲鱼在雄鱼4龄、雌鱼5龄时适合人工药物催产。