Advance in adrenomedullin in shock

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure. bilogical properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

果实中果胶代谢相关酶基因的研究进展

对果实果胶代谢相关酶基因的研究概况进行综述,总结了参与果胶合成和分解途径的重要酶类编码基因的家族信息、基因功能鉴定、基因表达分析等研究,为果胶代谢分子机制的深入研究及果实品质改良育种提供参考。     

乐都县引进大樱桃效益分析及栽培技术

从气候和区域地理优势角度,对大樱桃在乐都县的发展及栽培优势作出了简单介绍,对栽培大樱桃的效益作出了分析,指出大樱桃在乐都县具有较高的栽培前景,并对大樱桃的栽培技术作了一般性介绍.     

我国食品中农药残留研究进展

随着人们安全健康意识的提高,食品中农药残留问题更加受到重视。为此,对样品预处理研究进展及农药残留快速检测技术研究进展进行综述,并简单介绍各种方法的优缺点。     

2010年福建省梨树霜害调查

2010年3月5—11日福建梨开花幼果期发生罕见晚霜害。对5个梨主产县(市)的调查分析结果表明,全省2.67万hm2梨园全面受害,预计产量、经济损失35%以上;受害程度与品种结构、发育进程、地形地貌、管理状况等因素关系密切,台农2号蜜雪梨品种受害较重,开花较早的地区受害较重,单面靠山坐南朝北或朝西、冻前冻后防护补救措施不到位的梨园受害重,反之则轻;今后应重点加快抗寒品种的选育推广、防寒防冻技术与设施的研发应用,并建立完善的防寒防冻应急体系。     

我国西瓜品种选育研究进展

中国是西瓜生产与消费第1大国,2013年我国西瓜播种面积为182.82万hm~2。我国的西瓜育种从20世纪50年代开始到现在,西瓜品种已经实现了至少5次品种更新换代,经历了农家品种、固定品种、杂交1代、抗病育种、品种多元化等西瓜育种时期,采用引种、有性杂交、杂种优势利用、多倍体育种、分子标记辅助选择育种等育种手段,育成了不同时期西瓜主栽品种,基本实现了我国西瓜良种杂交1代化,极大地推动了我国西瓜产业的发展。本文对我国的西瓜育种进行回顾和展望,为提高我国的西瓜选育水平提供借鉴。     

苹果原生质体研究进展——文献综述

综述了近二十年来苹果原生质体研究进展。概述了苹果原生质体分离培养技术及影响分离培养的条件。通过对有关文献的分析，提出了在选用不同的原生质体起始分离材料时应重点解决的问题及今后苹果原生质体研究的方向     

我国花卉育种研究进展

综述了我国近十几年来花卉种质资源的研究,杂交育种、辐射育种、航天育种、生物技术育种等方面的进展及取得的成果。为花卉育种工作提供了依据。     

葡萄中糖基化花色苷研究进展

葡萄果实与葡萄酒的颜色由其所含花色苷的种类和含量决定,而花色苷是由花色素经过糖基化修饰转变而成,所以糖基化修饰在葡萄果实花色苷合成途径中起着重要作用。葡萄果实中的糖基化花色苷主要包括花色素的3–O–葡萄糖基和3,5–O–双葡萄糖基,即花色素单糖苷和花色素双糖苷,糖基化花色苷的组成是决定红葡萄酒品质的关键因素之一。对糖基化花色苷在葡萄果实中的组成及其对葡萄酒颜色和稳定性的影响进行了简要介绍,重点对花色素单糖苷和花色素双糖苷合成的关键酶基因以及转录因子进行了综述,以期为葡萄果实糖基化花色苷合成的调控机理的全面揭示和优质红色酿酒葡萄品种的选育提供信息。     

Seasonal and cultivar differences in salt-induced changes in antioxidant system in tomato

Salt stress has been applied to improve the quality of tomato, but detailed information about the changes in antioxidant systems in salt-stressed fruit is not available. In this study, we examined the effect of salt stress on oxidative parameters, antioxidant content and antioxidant enzymes in two tomato cultivars during two cropping seasons. Salt stress was applied by adding 100 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution. We show that tomato fruits have antioxidant systems to protect themselves from salt-induced oxidative stress. This finding is supported by the lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels, which remained unchanged under salt stress conditions. However, these antioxidant systems depend on cultivars and cropping seasons. In the summer crop, the antioxidant systems in salt-stressed ‘House Momotaro’ can be attributed to the enzymatic reactions of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), while those in salt-stressed ‘Mini Carol’ can be attributed to their non-enzymatic reactions of ascorbate and glutathione. In the winter crop, the antioxidant systems were not influenced by salt stress in either cultivar. However, the proline content increased in both cropping seasons and cultivars. The seasonal and cultivar differences of salt-induced changes in the antioxidant systems may result from cultivar differences in antioxidant capacities and the interaction between salt stress and growth conditions such as temperature and solar radiation.     

秋季保护地樱桃番茄品比试验

近年来,樱桃番茄在市场上非常畅销,种植面积也逐年增加.为推广新的樱桃番茄品种,指导当地生产、最大限度地提高种植户的收入,我们引进了几个优良樱桃番茄品种进行品比试验.现将结果报道如下.     

设施秋延迟番茄主要农艺性状与产量的相关通径分析

对16个番茄品种的13个农艺性状和产量进行了相关和通径分析.试验结果表明,单株产量和总采果数、株高、叶片数相关性达显著水平,相关系数分别为0.538 6,0.614 4和0.518 2.回归和通径分析结果表明,早期采果数、平均单果质量、果肉厚、株高、总采果数对单株产量直接作用较大,早期采果数通过总采果数、第1稳果数、平均单果质量、株高、茎粗、果肉厚对单株产量间接作用均为负值且较大.     

设施秋延迟番茄主要农艺性状与产量的相关通径分析

对16个番茄品种的13个农艺性状和产量进行了相关和通径分析。试验结果表明,单株产量和总采果数、株高、叶片数相关性达显著水平,相关系数分别为0.5386,0.6144和0.5182。回归和通径分析结果表明,早期采果数、平均单果质量、果肉厚、株高、总采果数对单株产量直接作用较大,早期采果数通过总采果数、第1穗果数、平均单果质量、株高、茎粗、果肉厚对单株产量间接作用均为负值且较大。     

果树miRNAs研究进展

模式植物的研究表明,miRNA作为一种转录后调控因子,在植物的生长发育、逆境胁迫应答等生物学过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。截至目前,虽然已经从多种果树中鉴定了大量的miRNAs,但大多数miRNAs的靶基因和功能特性还不清楚。笔者总结了目前果树中miRNAs的研究进展,特别是miRNAs在葡萄(Vitis vinifera)、桃(Prunus per-sica)、梨(Pyrus spp.)、苹果(Malus domestica)和柑橘(Citrus spp.)等具有重要经济价值的果树等方面的作用,比如调控果树生长发育与果实品质、激素信号转导和环境胁迫应答。探讨了果树miRNAs的前景和研究方向。     

生物技术在香蕉育种中的应用

近50年来,香蕉的生产得到了稳步的发展,但同时正遭受越来越严重的病虫、霜冻和台风的危害。解决目前香蕉生产障碍的根本措施是培育高产、优质且具有高度抗性的新品种。而鲜食蕉高度不育性和果实无核性的特点,使目前香蕉选育种工作明显滞后于生产。这些现状迫切要求生物技术在香蕉育种中应用不断发展和深入。综合有关文献概述了近20年来在香蕉的突变育种、基因工程育种和体细胞杂交育种等领域取得的可喜进展,并展望了香蕉产业发展的未来。     

猕猴桃组织培养研究的现状与进展

猕猴桃是猕猴桃科(Actinidiaceae)猕猴桃属(Actinidia)多年生藤本植物.目前全世界猕猴桃属植物有66个种,约118个种下分类单位(变种、变型),我国有62个种.猕猴桃果实含有丰富的营养成分,丰富的维生素、矿质元素以及14种氨基酸.尤其Vc含量,每100g鲜果肉中可达到90～420mg,享有"Vc之王"的美称.猕猴桃可鲜食,也可加工成果酱果汁等,还有医疗保健作用,是深受人们喜爱的水果.随着猕猴桃栽培的进一步兴起和引种工作的进行,良种苗需要量急剧增加,而采用常规繁育方法周期长、成活率低,采用组织培养技术快速繁殖猕猴桃成为重要的良种繁育途径.此外,组织培养也是生理生化和遗传研究必需的基础技术,原生质体融合、重组DNA遗传转化等都必须在组培再生技术相当成功的基础上进行.西方一些国家的学者在20世纪70年代就已经开始了猕猴桃组织培养的研究.随后,更多学者从事这方面的研究工作,并获得成功,在这一领域取得了重要进展.本文从影响猕猴桃组织培养的因素,猕猴桃组织培养的应用等方面就近十年的研究进行综述,以便为相关研究提供参考.     

春季设施豇豆品种比较试验

利用闲置的哈密瓜大棚,对15个豇豆品种进行比较,试验结果表明,正源豇豆和农家乐373油白豆角2个品种在三亚春季设施栽培条件下,表现产量高、耐热性和抗病性强,适合三亚地区甜瓜地轮作设施栽培.     

辣椒素类物质代谢生理研究进展

本文对辣椒素类物质的生理作用、结构与性质,辣椒素在辣椒果实中的合成途径、分布及积累特点,以及通过细胞组织培养研究和生产辣椒素进行了讨论。     

Changes in endogenous ABA level in relation to the dormancy cycle in grapevines grown in a hot climate

Summary

In warm-winter regions, the need for artificial means to compensate for the lack of natural chilling becomes a dominant factor for maintaining economic production of table grapes. However, in the absence of a reliable method of predicting the time of natural bud break, the application of the dormancy breaking agent hydrogen cyanamide (HC) entails the risk of serious bud damage if the application is mistimed. In several studies in temperate regions, concentrations of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) were found to increase as the grape buds entered dormancy, and to decrease during winter months towards dormancy release. To assess the possibility of using bud ABA content as a marker for the stage of bud dormancy in grapevines grown in hot regions, we evaluated the dormancy depth of grape buds in the course of the dormancy cycle and monitored their endogenous ABA content in cv. Perlette vines grown in the Jordan Valley. The endogenous ABA content was highest at maximum dormancy. However, the decline in ABA content was not correlated with dormancy release. The involvement of ABA in dormancy induction and maintenance is discussed.     

Differences in vernalisation responses in onion cultivars

Onions normally form bulbs in the first year of growth; however, exposure to low temperatures can induce flowering (vernalisation) before bulbs are produced. Based on the cultivation data of onions grown in Japan, we evaluated and validated a reported model describing the onion vernalisation response. The observed bolting rates of ‘Sapporoki’, which was used in the construction of a previous model, were a good fit to the model, whereas, the bolting rates of one of the overwinter-type cultivars, ‘Momiji No.3?, were lower than the predicted value. The difference between the predicted and observed bolting rates in ‘Momiji No.3? was caused by a larger VD_0.5, the coefficient in vernalisation response models that represents the time point when half of the plants have bolted. Overwinter-type and/or bolting resistant cultivars can have parameters that indicate a further vernalisation requirement for bolting. The parameters in our model can be customised to the cultivar being investigated, and our study suggests the viability of modelling onion bolting by using air temperature.