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1.
实验采用高山红景天(Rhodiola sachalinensis)作为饲料添加剂,探究其对低温胁迫下的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,GIFT)的影响。将0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的高山红景天水煎剂粗提干粉分别添加到基础饲料(对照组),用4种实验饲料投喂吉富罗非鱼54 d,然后进行低温胁迫处理并于30、25、20、15和10℃时分别取样。结果显示:水温为10℃时,添加组的成活率为100%,显著高于对照组,添加组血清中的血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、一氧化氮浓度和肝脏中的丙二醛水平较对照组显著降低;肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的酶活性水平较对照组显著升高,并且添加水平越高,效果越明显。以上结果说明,饲料中添加0.1%的高山红景天粗提干粉即能对提高罗非鱼的抗低温能力起到一定的积极作用,添加0.2%和0.4%的效果更好。  相似文献   

2.
李家乐 《水产学报》1999,23(3):261-265
本文报道尼奥鱼同其亲本尼罗罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼形态上的异同点和判别方法。用卡方法对8 个可数形态参数,用聚类分析和判别分析及主成分分析的方法对8 个可量性状和24个框架参数进行综合分析。从体色上看,尼奥鱼偏于父本奥利亚罗非鱼,而三种多元分析的结果均表明尼奥鱼的体型偏于母本尼罗罗非鱼, 因此认为控制体色和体型遗传的是不同的基因组合。建立了区分尼罗、奥利亚和尼奥鱼的简单判别公式。  相似文献   

3.
为探究高水温对尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌病暴发的影响,以体质量为(62.0±3.33)g的尼罗罗非鱼为研究对象,设置生长最适宜组(29°C)和高温应激组(33°C)2个处理水平,暂养7 d后分别进行人工感染实验统计累计死亡率,并于攻毒后0、12、24、48、96和120 h采集血液和组织样本,开展高温应激下无乳链球菌感染对尼罗罗非鱼血清生化指标和组织病理影响的研究。结果显示,水温33°C高温应激组尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率显著高于29°C组;谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性在感染96 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;谷草转氨酶(AST)活性在感染48 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;钾(K+)和钠(Na+)含量感染120 h时29°C组的值和攻毒前都没有显著性差异,而33°C组分别显著高于和低于攻毒前;肌酐(CREA)含量在感染12 h以后33°C组的值都显著高于29°C组;白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)的值在120 h时33°C组的值显著低于29°C组;血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性29°C组随时间延长而升高,33°C组则先升高后降低,但33°C组的达峰时间更短;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化趋势都是先升高后降低再升高;组织病理学观察显示高温应激使肝细胞排列紊乱,索状结构不清,脾脏和肾脏轻微充血;感染12 h后脾脏均严重充血,感染24 h后脾脏结构均被破坏,呈淀粉样变性,坏死;感染48 h后肾小球均发生萎缩,肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死;33°C组鱼的肝脏感染96 h后严重脂肪变性和细胞内玻璃样变性,而29°C组鱼的肝脏在感染120 h后才发生相似的病理变化。研究表明高温应激抑制了鱼体免疫系统,降低了尼罗罗非鱼对无乳链球菌的抵抗力,脾脏对无乳链球菌感染响应最快,高温应激使病原菌感染对肝脏损伤更为迅速,感染后期受损更严重。  相似文献   

4.
    
This study investigated the effects of dietary inulin or Jerusalem artichoke (JA) on the growth performance, haematological, blood chemical and immune parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Five treatment diets were designed to incorporate inulin at 0 (basal diet), 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg and JA at 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg. Two basal diets including fish meal and formulated experimental feed were used for fry and fingerling growing periods, respectively. During the fry growing period, larvae were fed treatment diets for 4 weeks. There were no significant differences in growth performance or survival rate. Fingerlings were then nursed with the formulated experimental diets from weeks 5 to 12. Fingerlings fed on inulin at 5.0 g/kg or JA at either level had better growth performance and survival rate than that fed on the basal diets. There were no significant differences in body composition. Dietary prebiotic inulin and JA increased red blood cell number (p < .05). Among the five blood chemistry parameters examined, both inulin at 5.0 g kg and JA (5.0 and 10.0 g/kg) increased blood protein (p < .05). Dietary inulin at 5.0 g/kg and JA at 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg increased total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity (p < .05). Both inulin and JA inclusion diets increased alternative complement activity (p < .05). Taken together, dietary inulin at 5 g/kg and JA at 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg had beneficial effects on the growth performance, survival rate and immune of Nile tilapia fingerlings.  相似文献   

5.
基于1H-NMR的代谢组学方法研究饲养水温对罗非鱼的肝脏和血清代谢特征的影响。实验选用初始体重为(38.75±0.61g)的吉富罗非鱼在不同温度(22、28和34℃,分别标记为LT,MT和HT组)条件下饲养8周。结果显示:在血清中,代谢物的变化包括乳酸、脯氨酸、葡萄糖、柠檬酸、反式-4-羟基、乙醇、肌酸、亮氨酸、甜菜碱、缬氨酸、谷氨酰胺、三甲胺、甘露糖、酪氨酸和肌酐,主要参与糖酵解、胆碱代谢和脂质代谢。差异代谢物中LT组乳酸、反式-4-羟基、肌酸、葡萄糖、脯氨酸、亮氨酸和缬氨酸的含量高于MT组,HT组除葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺及甘露糖外均高于MT组。肝脏组织代谢物的变化包括麦芽糖、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、牛磺酸、酪氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸,主要参与糖代谢和氨基酸代谢。LT组15种差异代谢物含量均高于MT组和HT组,MT组麦芽糖、谷氨酸盐、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酰胺、牛磺酸和苏氨酸浓度高于HT组。以上结果表明:低温降低了吉富罗非鱼对氨基酸及氨基酸衍生物的利用率,进而影响吉富罗非鱼的生长速度和饲料利用率;高温组实验鱼的生长表现与适温组无显著差异,但代谢组结果显示高温饲养显著影响了吉富罗非鱼的胆碱代谢和脂质代谢。  相似文献   

6.
选取红罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)3个品系不同规格的实验鱼做为样本,采用室内人工降温进行低温胁迫试验,研究其半致死低温和死亡低温范围、死亡率、低温生理行为等技术指标,比较耐寒性能。结果显示:各组别的半数致死温度(LT_(50))为6.53~7.71℃,关岛品系组(A)的平均LT_(50)在三个组别中最高,为7.46℃,佛罗里达品系组(B)次之,为6.77℃,最低的是珍珠白品系组(C)为6.68℃,其中A组不同规格之间半数致死温度(LT_(50))大小分别为H_3H_2H_1,B组不同规格之间半数致死温度(LT_(50))大小分别为H_1H_2H_3,C组不同规格之间半数致死温度(LT_(50))大小分别为H_1H_2H_3;三个不同品系红罗非鱼群体开始出现死亡时最低死亡温度由高到低依次是ABC。  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), is a commercially-valuable fish species with high nutritional value. As a result of the intensive aquaculture of this species, handling, transport, and environmental changes that causes stress on these fish are unavoidable. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gradual and acute temperature changes on juvenile tilapia. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found among serum cortisol levels in juvenile tilapia when the water temperature was gradually increased from 27°C to 32°C, or 40°C, and maintained for 1 hour, although the levels were five times pretreat-ment levels. When tilapia acclimated to 27°C were subjected to 18°, 27°, 30°, 32°, 34°, 36°, 38°, or 40°C water for 10 minutes in a water bath, followed by a recovery period of 10 minutes at 27°C in the original aquaria, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in cortisol levels was observed among treatments except for significantly elevated levels at 38°C and 40°C. When tilapia acclimated to 27°C were subjected to the same temperature exposures but given a recovery period of 60 minutes at 27°C in the original aquaria, there was no significant (P > 0.05) increase in cortisol levels in tilapia among treatments from 18° to 36°C; but there was a significant (P > 0.05) increase between values from those treatments at 38° and 40°C. Acute temperature changes initiated the cortisol response as early as 10 minutes in fish following exposure to 38°C or 40°C and resulted in significant increases in the 38°C and 40°C treatments following 1 hour of recovery at 27°C. These results have implications for the management of tilapia during bacterial challenge, vaccination, and handling and transport during aquacultural activities.  相似文献   

8.
    
In this study, the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture was studied. Fish survival and the expression of some genes involved in the immune response were assessed. Diet supplementation with L. acidophilus for 15 days caused a significant increase in fish survival during a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and variations in immune response related to IL‐1β and transferrin expression in Nile tilapia spleen and kidney. Moreover, extracellular products (ECPs) of L. acidophilus showed high antibacterial activity against fish pathogens such as A. hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in vitro. It was also observed that viable L. acidophilus was able to disrupt quorum sensing activity in Chromobacterium violaceum.  相似文献   

9.
氯霉素在尼罗罗非鱼血浆中的药代动力学研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
杨先乐 《水产学报》2005,29(1):60-65
建立了尼罗罗非鱼血浆内氯霉素的反相液相色谱测定法(RT-HPLC),并研究了以50 mg·kg-1剂量的氯霉素单次给药后,不同水温、不同年龄尼罗罗非鱼血浆中药代动力学的差异.结果表明,RT-HPLC法检测血浆中的氯霉素基线走势平稳,药峰与杂质峰分离良好,在空白血浆样品中添加0.25,2.5和12.5 μg·mL-1标准品,3个水平的平均回收率可达(90.47±3.42)%,且变异系数小于10%;日内精密度和日间精密度均较高,平均变异系数分别为1.199%和1.770%.研究揭示,水温和年龄对氯霉素在尼罗罗非鱼血浆中的药代动力学有一定的影响.水温升高,氯霉素在罗非鱼血浆中吸收、分布和消除速度则明显加快,26℃下T1/2 ka仅为18℃的1/3,T1/2α和T1/2β也明显缩短,Tp不到18℃的一半,CLs是18℃的1.74倍;氯霉素在一龄罗非鱼血浆中的吸收速度比二龄罗非鱼快,达峰时间短,消除速度明显减慢,但分布半衰期和曲线下面积(AUC)大小二者比较接近.鉴于CAP毒性强,在对水产品中的CAP残留进行监控时,应以养殖水温较低、年龄较小者作为监控的重点,以确保水产品的安全.  相似文献   

10.
通过饱和硫酸铵盐析结合 Sephadex G-200柱层析的方法,纯化制备了健康非免疫状态下奥尼罗非鱼的免疫球蛋白,进行变性还原条件下的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫印迹试验对血清的免疫球蛋白进行初步分析,发现SDS-PAGE电泳条件下血清重链分子量为85 kD,轻链分子量为30 kD.如果罗非鱼血清免疫球蛋白在自然状态与其他硬骨鱼类一样也为四聚体,那么其总分子量的理论值应为920 kD.  相似文献   

11.
为研究碱环境下广盐性鱼类氨转运途径,将尼罗罗非鱼同时进行急性碱度胁迫(2、4、6 g/L)和慢性碱度胁迫,检测胁迫后120 h内的血氨浓度与鳃组织中Rhag、Rhbg、Rhcg1和Rhcg2基因mRNA表达变化,并采用免疫组化技术观察鳃组织中Rh蛋白的阳性反应。结果表明,急性碱度胁迫下,血氨浓度在12 h内快速升高到达峰值,4种Rh基因表达量升高,并于24 h到达峰值;慢性碱胁迫组由于碱度不断升高,血氨浓度呈波动状态,4种Rh基因的表达量均维持在较高表达水平,表明几种Rh蛋白均可能参与血氨浓度调节。胁迫24 h,Rhcg1基因的表达量显著高于其他3种基因。免疫组化结果表明,急性与慢性胁迫组中Rhag、Rhbg和Rhcg在鳃组织中均发现阳性反应,且随碱度升高,阳性反应增强。本研究表明,在碱胁迫环境下,尼罗罗非鱼会增强Rh基因与蛋白表达量参与氨转运过程。  相似文献   

12.
    
This study evaluated the ability of orange peel fragment (OPF) to act as a functional feedstuff, influencing growth, haematological profile, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 440 male Nile tilapia (31.7 g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 40 250‐L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed five practical diets with graded levels of OPF at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for 70 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ/kg crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity, before and after HDOIS. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (32°C/2.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for three days and the same haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. There was no effect of OPF on the haematological profile, either before or after HDOIS. The polynomial regression model was used to express the relationship between antioxidant enzymes activity and OPF supplementation level. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was reached at 0.66%, 0.63%, and 0.68% of OPF respectively. Results of the present study suggest that a dietary supplementation level of 0.63%–0.68% of orange peel fragment was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia haematological profile and improve its antioxidant capacity under HDOIS.  相似文献   

13.
为探讨尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼及其杂交子代(Oreochromis niloticus ♀× Sarotherodon melanotheron ♂)IGF-Ⅰ基因结构差异,研究IGF-Ⅰ基因与此3种基因型罗非鱼耐盐性能差异之间的关系,通过3′-RACE的方法,从鳃的总RNA分别获得其IGF-Ⅰb基因的部分cDNA序列,长度分别为1076bp、1075bp和1079bp,包含完整的开放阅读框(ORF)546bp、一个终止密码及含polyA信号的3′UTR;ORF编码182个氨基酸,包括信号肽(44aa),成熟肽B区(29aa)、C区(10aa)、A区(21aa)、D区(8aa)及编码70aa的E区,二级结构为混合类型;与其他脊椎动物IGF-Ⅰb序列的序列相似度达75.8%~100%;成熟肽A、B区高度保守,C区第82位后缺失2aa,E区第131位和159位分别缺失3aa和1aa;萨罗罗非鱼在E133位发生Ala/Pro氨基酸残基替换,与耐盐性强的莫桑比克罗非鱼和画眉罗非鱼一致,推测IGF-Ⅰb基因E区选择性剪切与3种罗非鱼耐盐性能差异有关。  相似文献   

14.
This study evaluates the inclusion of lycopene in the commercial diet for Nile Tilapia exposured to a stressor. For 60 days, fish diet was supplemented with lycopene (600 mg kg?1 diet) and at the end, subjected to confinement for 90 min. Zootechnical parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate and intake), hormonal (cortisol level), biochemical {enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation level [thiobarbituric acid (TBARS)]} and physical (instrumental colour) parameters were also evaluated. Supplementation with lycopene did not alter zootechnical parameters. In unconfined fish, catalase (CAT) activity was reduced in the white muscle of fish fed with lycopene; however, in red muscle, it was not altered. In fish under confinement, plasma cortisol increased as well as CAT, glutathione reductase (GR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in both muscles. Lipid peroxidation of the fillet also displayed higher values. However, the lycopene supplementation abolished the effects of confinement available through cortisol levels, remaining unchanged in the above parameters, activity of CAT, GR and LDH in both muscles and TBARS content of the fillet; in addition, it did not induce alteration of fillet coloration. Inclusion of lycopene in commercial feed reduces the impact of confinement and does not alter the zootechnical parameters; additionally, no modification of the fillet colour from juvenile Nile tilapia was observed.  相似文献   

15.
16.
将奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus× O. areus)幼鱼暴露于不同质量浓度(0、2.5 mg·L -1、5 mg·L -1、10 mg ·L -1和20 mg·L -1)的氨氮溶液中,于第0、第12、第24、第48和第72小时测定其非特异性免疫相关指标。结果表明,试验幼鱼经氨氮胁迫后各试验组血清溶菌酶活力随着胁迫时间的延长下降显著(P ﹤0.05)。氨氮胁迫明显影响鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及相关抗氧化酶活力。与对照组相比,随胁迫时间增加各试验组肝脏 T-AOC 及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力均先下降后上升(P ﹤0.05)。过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力变化还与胁迫溶液浓度相关。低浓度组(2.5 mg·L -1和5 mg·L -1),CAT 活力在胁迫24 h 后显著下降(P ﹤0.05);高浓度组(10 mg·L -1和20 mg·L -1),CAT 活力却出现先升高后降低的变化。除最高浓度组,各试验组 GSH-Px 活力表现为诱导效应(P ﹤0.05)。试验条件下氨氮胁迫对罗非鱼非特异性免疫产生明显影响,且随浓度增加及时间延长影响程度加大。  相似文献   

17.
60个家系吉富品系罗非鱼初期阶段的生长比较   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文对这60个家系的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在生长初期阶段的3个多月时间内的生长情况进行了比较分析,结果显示:经过3个多月的培育,60个家系共1831尾吉富罗非鱼的总体平均体重为102.4±38.9g。第59号家系的平均体重最大,为178.0±40.0g;第9号家系的平均体重最小,为64.1±18.6g。最大个体出现在第59号家系中,为271.7g,最小个体出现在第20号家系中,为22.0g。从家系水平上看,生长速度相差2倍,从个体水平上看,最大个体的体重是最小个体的12倍多。表明吉富罗非鱼各家系及个体间的生长速度存在较大差异,既有进行选育的基础,也有进行长期选育的必要。  相似文献   

18.
尼罗罗非鱼育种学研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
赵金良  李思发 《水产科学》2005,24(12):34-36
罗非鱼(Tilapias)具有繁殖力强、生长快、抗病力强等优点,成为世界性养殖种类。目前,罗非鱼在世界养殖鱼类总产量中位居第5位。为进一步提高罗非鱼的养殖性能,国内外学者采用各种育种学手段,广泛开展了罗非鱼的育种研究和试验。限于篇幅,本文仅以在罗非鱼养殖中具有重要地位和代表性的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为对象,概述其育种研究的进展和应用情况,并分析了各种育种手段的特点。  相似文献   

19.
尼罗与奥利亚罗非鱼对池塘蓝藻水华及水质影响的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼进行了池塘抑藻试验,采用血球计数板测定水体中的微囊藻密度,并对水体理化性质进行了检测分析。试验结果表明,罗非鱼能有效消减水体中蓝藻生物量,降低水体藻毒素浓度,并对水体TN、TP产生一定影响。其中奥利亚罗非鱼试验组蓝藻初始密度为1.53-108cells/L,下降至0.86-108eells/L,降低43.79%;尼罗罗非鱼组蓝藻初始密度为1.54-108cells/L,下降至O.51×108cells,L,降低66.88%。水体总磷含量无显著变化,总氮含量有所下降,水体微囊藻毒素MC—LR含量随着蓝藻密度的下降而降低,并讨论了尼罗与奥利亚罗非鱼摄食抑制蓝藻的摄食抑制及其对水质的影响。  相似文献   

20.
将红景天苷(Salidroside)作为免疫增强剂添加到水生生物饲料中,按0(对照组)、30、60和90μg/kg 4个梯度,添加到尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)(117.2±4.53 g)饲料中,通过测定血液生理生化指标的变化,来评估红景天苷对尼罗罗非鱼血液免疫系统的影响。试验周期为45 d,每天投喂两次。结果表明,随着饲料中红景天苷添加量的升高,罗非鱼血液中红细胞压积、红细胞平均体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量以及肌酐水平显著升高(0<30μg/kg<60μg/kg<90μg/kg);90μg/kg组血液中的总蛋白含量显著高于其它各饲料组,血液中其它指标(白细胞计数、红细胞计数、红细胞分布宽度、血小板计数、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、尿素、血糖、球蛋白和尿素/肌酐)不受饲料中添加红景天苷的影响。实验结果表明尼罗罗非鱼饲料中红景天苷的适宜添加量为30μg/kg。  相似文献   

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