甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸对断奶仔猪抗氧化功能的影响

为了研究甘氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln)和牛磺酸(Tau)对断奶仔猪血液抗氧化功能的影响,以28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪为研究对象,采用随机区组设计法将72头健康、体重相近仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复6头,公母各半,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。4个处理组分别为:基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln组)、基础日粮+0. 1%牛磺酸(Tau组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺+0. 1%牛磺酸(复配组)。结果:Tau组中的血浆中超氧化歧化酶活性(SOD)显著高于对照组(P<0. 05);对于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性,除Gly-Gln组在第7天显著高于对照组,第14、21及28天差异均不显著(P>0. 05)。对于还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH),在第14和21天Gly-Gln组极显著高于对照组(P<0. 01);对于血浆碱性磷酸酶活性(AKP),Gly-Gln组在第7和14天显著低于对照组(P<0. 05),第21和28天极显著低于对照组(P<0. 01)。研究表明:饲粮中分别或同时添加甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸有提高断奶仔猪血浆中的SOD、GSH-PX活性和GSH含量的趋势(P>0. 05),降低了血浆AKP活性(P<0. 05),从而提高了仔猪的抗氧化能力。     

复合抗菌肽对断奶仔猪血清抗氧化功能的影响

为了探讨复合抗菌肽对断奶仔猪血清抗氧化功能的影响,选取90头26日龄、体质量相近(8.24±0.67)kg的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分成5组。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加黄芪多糖400mg/kg,Ⅲ~Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加复合抗菌肽250、500、1 000mg/kg,分别检测第32、39、46和53日龄仔猪血清SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC活力、抑制OH·能力和MDA含量。结果显示,各日龄点,Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清SOD活力显著高组组(P0.01或0.05)(除Ⅱ组第32天),Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清MDA含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.01或0.05)(除Ⅱ组第32天,Ⅳ组第39天),Ⅱ~Ⅴ组血清T-AOC和抑制OH·能力均显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01或0.05)。各试验指标随抗菌肽添加剂量的增加,效果更明显,以抗菌肽1 000mg/kg添加剂量最佳,优于黄芪多糖400mg/kg添加量(P0.01或0.05)。由此表明,复合抗菌肽能够有效提高断奶仔猪血清抗氧化功能,增强仔猪抗断奶应激能力。     

Antioxidant status and expression of inflammatory genes in gut and liver of piglets fed different dietary methionine concentrations

This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary concentrations of methionine (Met), as a precursor of cysteine which is a constituent of glutathione (GSH), affect tissue antioxidant concentrations and the antioxidant defence system in pigs. Forty‐five piglets (DanZucht × Pietrain) were allotted to three groups of similar mean body weight (11.0 ± 0.9 kg). The basal diet was composed of barley, wheat, corn starch, soybean oil, sucrose, cellulose and a mineral supplement with suboptimal concentrations of Met and was supplemented with dl ‐Met to reach 0.16%, 0.20% and 0.24% of dietary Met and 0.40%, 0.44% and 0.48% of dietary Met and cysteine in groups 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 respectively. After 3 weeks, at slaughter, samples of liver, jejunum mucosa and plasma were collected. Feed intake and weight gains increased and feed:gain ratio decreased when dietary Met concentrations increased. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), concentrations of GSH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA‐RS) and the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and jejunum mucosa were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). Relative mRNA concentrations of selected target genes of the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of the antioxidant response, and of the nuclear factor ‘kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer’ of activated B‐cells (NF‐κB), the master regulator of inflammation, were largely unaffected both in jejunum and liver. In conclusion, inflammation‐ and oxidative stress‐related pathways on the molecular level, and concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, of antioxidants and of enzymes involved in the antioxidant defence system were mostly unaffected by dietary Met concentration in gut and liver. These findings suggest that suboptimal dietary Met concentrations did not influence the antioxidant defence system of gut and liver in healthy piglets.     

酵母培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能、机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

文章旨在研究酵母培养物在动物生产上的实际使用效果,试验选取断奶仔猪300头(21日龄断奶),随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头仔猪,单栏饲养.分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1％的酵母培养物、基础日粮+100 mg/kg的金霉素,试验期为42 d.结果表明,在饲料中调价酵母培养物断奶仔猪的末重、平均日增重得到显著提...     

Effects of L‐methionine on performance,gut morphology and antioxidant status in gut and liver of piglets in relation to DL‐methionine

This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of L‐methionine (L‐Met) in weaned piglets in relation to DL‐methionine (DL‐Met) results in a higher antioxidant status and lower need for antioxidant enzyme activation in intestinal epithelium and body tissues, and improves gut morphology and gut barrier function as well as performance. A total of 99 early‐weaned 21‐day old piglets were allotted to six groups and fed a semi‐synthetic wheat–barley‐based basal diet supplemented with 0.067%, 0.107% and 0.147% of either DL‐Met (MetAmino; Evonik, Hanau, Germany) or L‐Met (L‐Met100; CJ Europe, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany) to reach dietary Met concentrations of 0.16%, 0.20% and 0.24%, of which the latter met the requirements for maintenance and growth based on a pre‐experiment. Feed intake and body weights were recorded weekly, and samples of plasma, liver and duodenum and jejunum mucosa were collected after 3 weeks at slaughter. Plasma concentrations of L‐Met were similar, and those of D‐Met and total Met were higher in piglets fed DL‐Met in relation to those fed L‐Met. Feed intake, daily gains and feed:gain ratio, and the relative bio‐efficacy based on gains and feed:gain ratio were similar for both groups. Likewise, villi length, crypt depth, the villi length:crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum did not differ. Concentrations of antioxidants like glutathione and tocopherol, the total antioxidant capacity, the mRNA abundance or activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, markers for oxidative damage of lipids and the expression of inflammatory genes were similar in liver and jejunum mucosa. These data indicate that the effects of L‐Met and DL‐Met supplementation are comparable considering both piglet performance and parameters of gut health and function like gut morphology and the intestinal antioxidant status.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance,immune status,antioxidant capacity and selected microbial populations of weaned piglets

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are a complex mixture of highly branched and partially characterised polysaccharides and proteoglycans extracted from the goji berry. This mixture has great potential as a novel feed supplement for pigs. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation with LBPs on the growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity and selected intestinal microbial populations in weaned piglets. In trial 1, a total of 400 weaned piglets [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 6.34 ± 0.16 kg (21 days of age) were divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet containing 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs (supplemented at the expense of corn). Supplementation with 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs for 2 weeks significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the pigs compared with the control group (p < .05). In trial 2, thirty-two 21-days-old weaned piglets (BW: 6.33 ± 0.11 kg) were allotted to a control group (fed with a basal diet) or an experimental group (basal diet containing 4,000 mg/kg LBPs). The experiment lasted for 14 days. Pigs fed LBP diets exhibited an increased ADG and ADFI, and a decreased diarrhoeal incidence compared with those fed the basal diets (p < .05). Supplementation with LBPs increased the serum IgG and IgM levels (p < .05). Dietary LBPs effectively promoted antioxidant defence properties through enhancing the activities of serum, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), in addition to decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < .05). The addition of LBPs increased the amounts of Bacteroidetes in the ileum and caecum and the caecal contents of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < .05), while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli and Firmicutes in the ileum and caecum (p < .05) compared with the control group. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with LBPs can enhance growth performance, immune status and antioxidant capacity, and improve the intestinal microbial populations of weaned piglets.     

Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract on the growth performance,antioxidant capability and immune response in weaned piglets

The biological properties of Piper sarmentosum render it a potential substitute for antibiotics in livestock feed. This study evaluated the effects of P. sarmentosum extract (PSE) on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response of weaned piglets. Eighty 21‐d‐old weaned piglets were selected and randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments with five replicates of four pigs each. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 0 (T0), 50 (T50), 100 (T100) or 200 (T200) mg/kg PSE. The feeding trial lasted 4 weeks. The results revealed that the T50 group had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T50 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH‐Px) and lower (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the T0 group at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) decreased, while serum levels of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) increased by PSE supplementation at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). PSE supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of IL‐4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β and downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the ileal mucosal layer of piglets (p < 0.05). In summary, our study findings revealed that PSE supplementation improved the antioxidant capability, and reduced inflammation, which may be beneficial to weaned piglet health.     

日粮添加谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪小肠形态结构的影响

试验选用60头21d断奶、体重均一的杜长大仔猪。按单因素完全随机化设计随机分为2组,一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;一组为试验组,基础日粮添加0.5%的谷氨酰胺,研究谷氨酰胺处理对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜形态变化的影响。在断奶当天及断奶后7d和14d每个处理随机选取3头仔猪屠宰,取小肠组织,测定肠黏膜的形态结构变化。结果表明:日粮中添加谷氨酰胺提高了小肠绒毛高度和固有层厚度及皱褶深度。     

Regulation of the expression of key signalling molecules in mTOR pathway of skeletal muscle satellite cells in neonatal chicks: Effects of leucine and glycine–leucine peptide

This study was conducted to analyse the effects of leucine (Leu) and glycine (Gly)‐Leu peptide on expressions of key signalling molecules in mTOR pathway of skeletal muscle satellite cells in neonatal chicks. The 4‐day‐old male AA broilers with similar weight were selected to obtain the broiler skeletal muscle satellite cells with the two‐step method of collagenase‐I and trypsin digestion. The satellite cells were subjected to primary culture in vitro, and they were cultured in DMEM medium with the Leu concentration of 0.2 mM and 2 mM as well as with the Gly‐Leu peptide concentration of 0.2 mM and 2 mM. The experiment lasted for 5 days. The results showed that TOR, S6K1 and 4E‐BP1 mRNA expressions in the medium with Leu concentration of 2 mM were significantly higher than that in 0.2 mM group (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the medium with Gly‐Leu concentration of 2 mM and 0.2 mM on the TOR, S6K1 and 4E‐BP1 mRNA expressions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Leu significantly increases TOR, S6K1 and 4E‐BP1 mRNA expressions of skeletal muscle satellite cells, but Gly‐Leu peptide has no effect on them.     

Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor on nutrient digestibility,intestinal development and expression of nutrient transporters in early‐weaned piglets

The abnormalities in intestinal morphology and digestive function during weaning are associated with the loss of milk‐borne growth factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. This study was to determine the effect of dietary EGF on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and the expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters in weaned piglets. Forty‐two piglets were weaned at 21 days and assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 200 µg/kg EGF or (3) basal diet + 400 µg/kg EGF. Each treatment consisted of 14 replicates, and seven piglets from each treatment were sampled on day 7 and 14. The EGF supplementation significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, but tended to decrease sucrase activity (p < 0.10) than the control group. At day 7 post‐weaning, animals receiving EGF diets showed a tendency (p < 0.10) towards greater ileal villus height (VH), jejunal crypt depth (CD) and duodenal VH:CD when compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2 (Slc2a2), neutral amino acid transporter (Slc6a19) and calbindin D9k (S100G) tended to be higher (p < 0.10) for EGF groups than the control group. By day 14, EGF supplementation markedly enhanced (p < 0.05) the VH, CD and VH:CD in the jejunum compared to the control group. This addition also up‐regulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA level and the protein abundance of peptide transporter 1 than the control group. These findings demonstrated that dietary EGF beneficially enhanced nutrient digestibility, improved intestinal development and increased the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in weaned piglets.     

饲粮含硫氨基酸水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及酶活性的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮含硫氨基酸水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及酶活性的影响。试验选择体重接近的28日龄断奶仔猪80头,称重后随机分为试验1、2、3、4组,各组饲粮中含硫氨基酸含量分别0.49%、0.64%、0.79%、0.94%,共进行21d。试验结果,仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)随着饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平增加出现先增加后下降的趋势,料肉比(F/C)与之趋势相反,当含硫氨基酸含量为0.79%时(试验3组)生长性能最好。其中,试验2、3组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)较试验1组分别增加12.5%、15.9%(P<0.05),F/C较试验1组分别降低10.8%、12.4%(P<0.05)。饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平显著影响仔猪空肠形态,而对十二指肠、回肠形态无显著影响(P>0.05)。相比于试验1组,试验2、3、4组空肠绒毛高度(VH)分别增加8.6%、11.7%、9.1%(P<0.05),空肠隐窝深度(CD)分别下降22.6%、16.4%、12.7%(P<0.05),试验2、3组绒毛高度和隐窝深度比(V/C)较试验1组分别增加24.3%、17.4%(P<0.05)。除此之外,饲粮中含硫氨基酸显著影响仔猪空肠中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性(二次P<0.05)及麦芽糖酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平显著影响断奶仔猪小肠发育及空肠内酶活性,改善生长。     

Effects of dietary methionine supplementation on growth performance,intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and immune function in intra‐uterine growth‐retarded suckling piglets

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with _L‐methionine (_L‐Met), _DL‐methionine (_DL‐Met) and calcium salt of the methionine hydroxyl analog (MHA‐Ca) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and immune function in intra‐uterine growth‐retarded (IUGR) suckling piglets. Six normal birthweight (NBW) female piglets and 24 same‐sex IUGR piglets were selected at birth. Piglets were fed nutrient adequate basal diet supplemented with 0.08% _L‐alanine (NBW‐CON), 0.08% _L‐alanine (IUGR‐CON), 0.12% _L‐Met (IUGR‐LM), 0.12% _DL‐Met (IUGR‐DLM) and 0.16% MHA‐Ca (IUGR‐MHA‐Ca) from 7 to 21 days of age respectively (n = 6). The results indicated that IUGR decreased average daily milk (dry matter) intake and average daily gain and increased feed conversion ratio of suckling piglets (p < 0.05). Compared with the NBW‐CON piglets, IUGR also impaired villus morphology and reduced antioxidant capacity and immune homeostasis in the intestine of IUGR‐CON piglets (p < 0.05). Supplementation with _L‐Met enhanced jejunal villus height (VH) and villus area and ileal VH of IUGR piglets compared with IUGR‐CON piglets (p < 0.05). Similarly, _DL‐Met supplementation increased VH and the ratio of VH to crypt depth in the jejunum compared with IUGR‐CON pigs (p < 0.05). Supplementation with _L‐Met and _DL‐Met (0.12%) tended to increase reduced glutathione content and reduced glutathione: oxidized glutathione ratio and decrease protein carbonyl concentration in the jejunum of piglets when compared with the IUGR‐CON group (p < 0.10). However, supplementation with MHA‐Ca had no effect on the intestinal redox status of IUGR piglets (p > 0.10). In conclusion, supplementation with either _L‐Met or _DL‐Met has a beneficial effect on the intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity of IUGR suckling piglets.     

饲粮不同赖氨酸水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮不同赖氨酸水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。选择28日龄断奶、平均初始体重(6.74±0.03)kg的杜长大三元杂交仔猪150头,随机分为3组,每组2个重复(圈),每个重复25头猪,分别饲喂总赖氨酸水平为1.35%、1.42%、1.60%的3种饲粮,饲养试验时间为20d。结果表明,各项生产性能指标均随饲粮总赖氨酸水平提高呈二次曲线变化。以处理Ⅱ(总赖氨酸水平1.42%)为最佳,随着赖氨酸水平的降低或升高,生产性能均下降。当总赖氨酸水平提高到1.60%(处理Ⅲ)时,其日增重、日采食量和每克赖氨酸增重均显著低于处理Ⅱ(P0.05)。     

Effects of dietary calcium to available phosphorus ratios on bone metabolism and osteoclast activity of the OPG /RANK/RANKL signalling pathway in piglets

Hydroxyapatite, a mineral form of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) that gives bones their rigidity, is the major and essential component of bones and teeth in the human and animal body. A suitable ratio of Ca and P is vital for bone growth. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary calcium to available phosphorus ratios (Ca/AP) on bone metabolism and osteoclast activity of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) signalling pathway in piglets. At days 15 and 29, the piglets were assessed for growth performance, blood indicators, cytokines and the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway. Our results showed that piglets fed a dietary Ca/AP ratio of 2:1 increases growth performance and regulates blood indicators and cytokines (parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), vitamin D₃ (VD₃)_, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) content). We also demonstrated that this ratio affects hormone secretion and further bone metabolism through the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway of osteoclasts. These results indicate that a suitable dietary Ca/AP ratio is vital for bone growth and reduce the incidence of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, providing a practical basis for the raising of piglets.     

短期饲喂二甲酸钾对断奶仔猪生长及其相关功能基因表达的影响

旨在探讨二甲酸钾(KDF)对断奶仔猪生长轴和肝脏糖异生相关基因mRNA表达的影响。试验选用28日龄的断奶仔猪180头,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+1%的二甲酸钾,试验期2周。结果表明:与对照组相比,二甲酸钾显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P0.05),对血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和血糖(BG)等生化指标没有显著影响,对下丘脑中生长抑素(SS)、生长激素受体(GHR)、促生长激素释放激素(GHRH)和垂体中胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)和生长激素(GH)mRNA表达量无显著影响。但试验组显著下调垂体中GHR的表达(P0.05),显著上调下丘脑中IGF-1R、肝脏中胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)、IGF-1R、磷酸稀醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PCK1)和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶(FBP1)mRNA的表达(P0.05)。     

谷氨酰胺对免疫应激仔猪肠道指数的影响研究

本试验采用2×2析因设计,选用96头(28±2)d的(大白×长白)断奶仔猪[平均体重(7.24±0.36)kg],按体重相近原则随机分为4组,第Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第Ⅱ组为脂多糖(LPS)免疫应激组,在试验开始7d后注射100μg/kg的LPS;第Ⅲ组为谷氨酰胺(Gln)组,饲喂含Gln浓度为1.2%的日粮;第Ⅳ组为Gln+LPS免疫应激组,饲喂含Gln浓度为1.2%的日粮,7d后注射100μg/kg的LPS,研究谷氨酰胺对免疫应激仔猪肠道指数的影响。试验期14d。结果显示:LPS免疫应激极显著降低了免疫应激仔猪的小肠指数(P0.01),添加Gln极显著提高了免疫应激仔猪的小肠指数和大肠指数(P0.01)。日粮类型与应激的交互作用对仔猪的小肠指数和大肠指数的影响均不显著(P0.05)。     

山楂提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道微生物的影响研究

为探讨不同添加量山楂提取物(CF)对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道微生物的影响,试验选择体重为(8.85±0.73)kg左右、健康状况良好的28日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪30头,按体重相近的原则随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头仔猪.对照组(CON组)饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组(CTC组)是在基础日粮中...     

饲粮纤维源对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响

通过检测饲粮中添加不同来源的纤维对猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响,初步探讨饲粮纤维源调控仔猪肠道健康的可能机制。试验共选取健康状况良好、体重均一[(9.26±0.17) kg]的仔猪840头(杜×长×大;32日龄),随机分为3个处理组:对照组(control group, CG),苜蓿草粉组(alfalfa meal group, AG),商品浓缩纤维组(commodity concentrated fiber, OG),每个处理4个重复,每个重复70头仔猪。预试期3 d,试验于35日龄开始,60日龄结束时屠宰取样,测量肠道重量及长度,观察小肠段绒毛形态结构并测定消化酶活性。结果发现,AG较CG显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),但对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);AG、OG较CG显著提高仔猪的大肠段长度和重量(P<0.05);AG较CG改善了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P>0.05),AG较OG显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P<0.05),OG较CG显著提高了回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);OG较CG显著降低了空肠中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),AG较CG、OG显著提高了糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适量的苜蓿草粉可以促进仔猪的肠道发育,降低仔猪腹泻率,从而有利于仔猪生长发育。     

Effects of crude protein and lactose levels in diets on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and expression of genes related to intestinal integrity and immune system in weaned piglets

To evaluate the effects of crude protein (CP) and lactose (LAC) for weaned piglets on performance, intestinal morphology, and expression of genes related to intestinal integrity and immune system, 144 piglets with initial weight 7.17 ± 0.97 kg were allotted in a randomized design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (20.0% and 24.0% CP and 8.0%, 12.0%, and 16.0% LAC) with eight replicates. Piglets fed 20.0% CP had greater weight gain and feed intake. Including 12.0% LAC in the 20.0% CP diet provided higher villous height in the duodenum than 8.0% LAC, and 12.0% or 16.0% LAC in the 24.0% CP diet resulted in higher villous height in the jejunum and ileum, and higher villi/crypt ratio in the ileum than 8.0% LAC. No effects of CP and LAC on interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α mRNA were observed. The 16.0% LAC diet provided higher gene expression of transforming‐β1 growth factor. Feeding 20.0% CP resulted in better performance than 24.0% CP. The 12.0% LAC diet promoted greater genetic expression of occludin and zonula occludens. Including 12.0% LAC in the diet may improve intestinal epithelial morphology and integrity, and these improvements are more evident when piglets are fed diets with 24.0% CP.     

不同膳食纤维来源对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

文章旨在评价饲粮中不同纤维来源对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响。试验选择84头体重接近的28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂对照组饲粮以及添加5%玉米纤维(CB)、小麦纤维(WB)、大豆纤维(SB)的饲粮,处理28d。试验结果:相比于对照组,CB、WB组料肉比(FCR)分别下降8.5%、7.9%(P<0.05);CB组仔猪总能量(GE)、有机物(OM)、干物质(DM)消化率分别降低2.1%、2.1%、2.9%(P<0.05),粗纤维(CF)、磷(P)消化率分别增加7.8%、29.3%(P<0.05);WB组仔猪GE、OM、DM消化率较对照组分别降低1.8%、3.9%、3.4%(P<0.05),CF、P消化率分别增加8.8%、19.3%(P<0.05);此外,SB组CF、OM、P消化率分别增加9.9%、5.1%、4.5%(P<0.05)。表明,饲粮中纤维显著影响仔猪生长,不同纤维源对仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响不同。