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Marion R Hauville Eric J Cassiano Kevin P Barden Matthew L Wittenrich Craig A Watson 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5439-5442
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Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh Mathieu Wille Nguyen Van Hoa Patrick Sorgeloos 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3):256-270
Supplementation of microalgae and Artemia nauplii with practical formulated feeds containing fresh or dried Artemia biomass for larval rearing of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, was assessed. Five feeding treatments were carried out in a recirculating seawater system with fifteen 30-L fiberglass tanks. Shrimp nauplii were stocked at a density of 150 L?1 for 23 days. In the control treatment, live feed was supplemented with commercial formulated feed (Inve Aquaculture NV, Belgium). In two other treatments, live feed was supplemented with a pelleted feed based on either fresh or dried Artemia. In the remaining two treatments live feed was supplemented with a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% fresh or dried Artemia feeds. Overall, performance of PL in the combination treatments (commercial feed and Artemia diets) were equal to or better than those fed commercial feed alone as seen by the better growth rate and higher resistance to formalin stress. The results indicate that feed containing fresh or dried Artemia biomass can partially supplement live feeds for larval rearing of P. monodon. 相似文献
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Two feeding trials were carried out to determine the optimum feeding rates in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, at the optimum rearing temperature. Fish averaging 5.0 ± 0.11 g (mean ± SD) in experiment 1 and 20.2 ± 0.54 g (mean ± SD) in experiment 2 were fed a commercial diet at the feeding rates of 0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 4.25%, 4.5% and 4.75% body weight (BW) day?1 and satiation (5.52% BW day?1) in experiment 1 and 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 3.5% BW day?1 and satiation (4.12% BW day?1) in experiment 2 at 20 ± 1 °C. Both feeding trials lasted for 2 weeks. Results from experiment 1 indicated that weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed to satiation were significantly higher than those of fish fed at other feeding rates while feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed at 4.25% BW day?1 were significantly higher than those of fish fed to satiation and fish fed at 3.0% BW day?1 (P < 0.05). In experiment 2 WG, SGR and PER leveled out after the feeding rate of 3.5% BW day?1 whereas FE reached a plateau at 3.0% BW day?1. anova of FE indicated that the optimum feeding rates in 5.0 and 20 g juvenile olive flounder could be 4.25% and 3.0% BW day?1, respectively. Broken line analysis of WG suggested the optimum feeding rates of 5.17% and 3.47% BW day?1 in 5.0 and 20 g fish, respectively. Therefore, these results indicated that the optimum feeding rates could be >4.25 but <5.17% BW day?1 for 5.0 g, and it could be >3.0 but <3.47% BW day?1 for 20 g size of juvenile olive flounder at the optimum rearing temperature. 相似文献
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褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆( ♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态学观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
杂交是目前水产育种中应用最为广泛、最有成效的育种途径,为了选育一个能够促进中国海水鱼类养殖业发展,改善目前养殖褐牙鲆发病严重的现状的牙鲆类养殖新品种,对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(P.dentatus)(♂)的杂交进行了研究。在Nikon MS800解剖镜下对褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(♂)人工杂交子一代的胚胎及胚后发育进行观察,并使用Nikon数码相机拍摄其发育特征,描述了各发育时期的发育时序和形态特征。杂交子一代胚胎发育可分为卵裂前期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官发生期、尾芽期、肌肉效应期、脱膜孵化期共9个时期,除克氏泡出现时期以及胚体开始扭动时期具有相对特异性外,胚胎发育过程与褐牙鲆相比无显著差异。在水温(16.5±0.5)℃,盐度32~33的条件下,受精卵历时67 h完成孵化。(19±0.5)℃水温下,仔鱼3 d以前营内源性营养(卵黄囊仔鱼),3 d开口摄食营外源性营养(前弯曲期仔鱼),20 d左右进入变态期(弯曲期仔鱼),40 d后基本完成变态进入稚鱼阶段,生活方式由浮游转为底栖生活,50 d左右全身被鳞。同时观察了自胚胎发育时期至幼鱼期体表色素的分布及形态变化过程,描述了仔鱼变态期冠状鳍条、眼位置和尾部的发育、变化过程。早期生活史无鳔器官发生。 相似文献
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牙鲆(♀)×圆斑星鲽(♂)杂交子代的胚胎及仔鱼发育 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为母本,圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)为父本进行科间远缘杂交,观察和记录了杂交受精卵胚胎及胚后仔鱼的发育情况,描述了各时期的形态特征。杂交受精卵为浮性卵,其受精率和孵化率分别为(71.18±0.14)%和(61.65±0.19)%,胚胎发育的畸形率为(17.00±0.06)%,4日龄仔鱼出苗率为(58.63±0.19)%,35日龄仔鱼的成活率为(57.08±0.20)%。在水温为(15±0.5)℃、海水盐度为29~30的条件下,受精卵经74 h孵化。孵化后4 d开口摄食,17 d开始变态,35 d完成变态。变态时,37%的仔鱼向右偏转,63%的仔鱼向左偏转。结果表明,牙鲆和星鲽杂交不存在配子不亲和,受精卵可以正常发育,杂交子代可以正常成活和生长。本研究旨为下一步杂交育种奠定基础。 相似文献
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用鳗弧菌腹腔注射牙鲆进行人工感染实验,对感染牙鲆进行血液生理生化指标的测定,并观察描述患病牙鲆的外观症状及有关组织器官的病理变化,以高效液相色谱(HPLC)法为定量手段研究达氟沙星在健康和感染牙鲆体内的药动学特征。结果表明,(1)每公斤体重腹腔注射鳗弧菌2.0×107~3.0×107cells可复制出疾病模型;(2)与健康鱼相比,患病鱼的红细胞数、血红蛋白、血小板数、Cl-、Na 等显著下降,而白细胞数、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌苷(Cr)、K 极显著增加,说明经鳗弧菌感染后,牙鲆在药物吸收、代谢等方面的生理功能受到严重损害;(3)患病鱼的肝、肾、脾等组织细胞均发生实质性病变,而对照组外观正常,组织器官未见病理变化;(4)达氟沙星在感染牙鲆体内的吸收、分布和消除均减慢,生物利用度降低。鳗弧菌感染必将影响药物在体内的分布和血浆蛋白结合率,改变药物及其代谢物从体内消除的速度和程度,进而影响药物的疗效。该模型复制的方法可靠且具有可重复性,它对探讨药物在患病鱼体内的动力学规律,揭示疾病对药动学的影响机理和指导临床合理用药等具有理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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Yen‐Ju Pan Emilien Dpos Anissa Souissi Stphane Hnard Mike Schaadt Ed Mastro Sami Souissi 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):3054-3058
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在牙鲆胚胎玻璃化冷冻中,为了准确选择胚胎的冷冻时期,掌握胚胎发育进程,同时为牙鲆苗种培育提供一定的依据,对海水工厂化养殖牙鲆的胚胎发育进行了研究。牙鲆受精卵培养在14-16℃、盐度29.9的海水中,利用Olympus显微镜对牙鲆胚胎发育过程连续观察,对各个胚胎时期的发育时间进行了记录,并对每一时期的特征用Olympus照像机进行了拍摄。实验记录了从受精卵到出膜后5d的29个具体发育时期的特征和发育时间,拍摄了30张具有代表性的胚胎和鱼苗图片,将牙鲆胚胎发育划分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、肌节期、尾芽期、心跳期、胚体转动期、出膜前期、出膜期10个连续的典型时期。在此培养条件下牙鲆胚胎历时93h完成整个胚胎发育,孵化出膜,再经96h的胚后发育卵黄囊完全吸收,之后进入变态期,向成鱼转化。 相似文献
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舟山褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)仔鱼摄食和生长的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验研究了褐牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus仔鱼的摄食和生长。结果表明,仔鱼初次开口摄食时间在6日龄(16~18℃),初次摄食率为30%,8日龄饥饿仔鱼最大初次摄食率为65%,孵出后第9天达到不可逆点(PNR),混合营养期为3d左右。初次摄食强度和初次摄食率开始时较低,在卵黄囊耗尽时达最高,然后下降。随着饥饿时间的延长,仔鱼出现“负增长”,孵化第11天存活率仅为10%,12日龄全部死亡。 相似文献
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Jun Yu Chen Chaoshu Zeng Dean R. Jerry Jennifer M. Cobcroft 《Reviews in Aquaculture》2020,12(3):1518-1541
Marine ornamental fish are a key component of the multimillion‐dollar marine aquarium trade industry, a controversial industry due to current heavy reliance on wild‐collected specimens. Aquaculture of marine ornamental fish is considered as a sustainable alternative, but it is still in the early stage of development. This review focuses on the current state of marine ornamental fish aquaculture, by covering topics on reef fish reproductive biology in captivity, traditional and novel live feeds, feeding regimes and visual environment in larviculture. Where possible, major differences between demersal and pelagic spawners are compared and discussed. Overall, for many ornamental fish species, natural spawning can be achieved in a captive environment without the use of hormone induction; however, sex identification and successful pairing for reef fish species could be a challenge. With the use of both traditional (rotifers and Artemia) and novel live feeds (e.g. marine copepods and ciliates), a range of breakthroughs in larval rearing of both demersal and pelagic spawning ornamental fish species have been achieved in recent years, although larval survival varies. To further improve the larval rearing success of marine ornamental fish, this review suggests that future research should focus on optimizing the use of live feed in terms of both quality and quantity, and establishment of well‐defined species‐specific larval feeding regime, as well as providing appropriate rearing condition through improved manipulation of light conditions and the ‘greenwater’ techniques in larval rearing. 相似文献
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Despite intensive stocking programmes, wild Maraena whitefish Coregonus maraena (Bloch, 1779)‐stocks are in danger of extinction in the Baltic sea region. Current aquaculture rearing methods in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are lacking efficient protocols for transitioning larvae from endogenous to exogenous feeding. In this 34‐day‐experiment the offspring of wild fish was used. Maraena whitefish larvae were weaned at three different temperatures (15.9°C, 17.9°C, 19.7°C) and three feeding regimes, resulting in nine treatments. The first group received pure live feed (freshly hatched Artemia sp. nauplii) for 10 days and a 1:1‐mixture of live and dry feed for 3 days. The second group received the live and dry feed mixture for 13 days and the third group directly received a commercial dry feed. All nine treatments were stocked in triplicate with 500 larvae per tank (19 ind. L?1). Feeding started 4 days post hatch. Survival was highest in the pure dry feed groups and lowest in the pure live feed groups. In contrast to growth, which was highest in the live feed groups and lowest in the dry feed group. Higher temperature increased growth in the live feed groups but had no effect on survival in all groups. These results will enhance the weaning of C. maraena in recirculation aquaculture. 相似文献
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垂体作为鱼类最重要的内分泌器官之一,在生长、发育、生殖以及其他一些内分泌相关生理活动中起重要作用。作者采用组织学方法观察了牙鲆的脑垂体发生,对不同发育时期的腺垂体细胞进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,孵化后1d仔鱼的间脑下方可见一实心细胞团,于孵化后3d迁移至间脑后方的漏斗体下,与来自漏斗体的神经内分泌细胞及其神经纤维结合共同形成脑垂体,前者形成腺垂体,后者则主要形成神经垂体。孵化后8d腺垂体分为中间部(Pars intermedia,PI)和外侧部(Pars distalis,PD)两部分。孵化后14d腺垂体分化为前外侧部(Rostral pars distalis,RPD)、中外侧部(Proximal pars distalis,PPD)和PI共3部分,为\"前后型\"脑垂体。稚鱼变态期间及变态完成后的幼鱼,各部分从\"前后型\"排列开始向\"背腹型\"排列转变。孵化后14d的牙鲆仔鱼中,PPD细胞多呈强嗜酸性,至变态完成后一直是PPD的主要细胞;PI靠近神经纤维的细胞呈强嗜碱性。孵化后42d的牙鲆幼鱼RPD中,与神经垂体相邻的少量细胞呈嗜碱性,而其下方细胞则呈嗜酸性。根据成体牙鲆激素分泌细胞的染色特征对上述各细胞类型进行了推测。 相似文献
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采用高压液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法(HPLC-MS—Ion Trap)对牙鲆中氯霉素残留量进行了研究。用乙酸乙酯作为提取溶剂,采用液-液萃取法提取样品中氯霉素,经浓缩净化处理后直接进样分析。质谱条件为,碎裂电压115V,锥孔电压25V,二级质谱电压0.9V,智能碎裂模式(SPS)。对氯霉素标准液进行了定性分析,得到氯霉素的一级分子离子峰m/z 321和m/z 323及二级质谱特征离子峰m/z 194、m/z 257和m/z 176。以m/z 257和m/z 194的峰面积之和代表氯霉素的质谱峰面积,以此峰面积进行定量计算。在0.1~10μg/kg浓度范围内得到线性方程y=13180.1X+5048.2,相关系数0.99961;方法的检测限为0.1μg/kg;样品添加回收率98.29/6~111.49/6,相对标准偏差(n=3)7.8%~10.2%;并测定了8个牙鲆样品,氯霉素残留量为0.99~5.62μg/kg。 相似文献
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摘要以牙鲆为实验对象,研究了4种不同规格的T型标志牌(T-A、T-B、T-C和T-D)对全长5、7、9和11cm苗种的标记效果,确立了适宜标志的牙鲆苗种规格,筛选了适宜于不同规格牙鲆苗种标记用的T型标志牌。全长5cm的苗种不宜使用这4种规格的标志牌标记;T-A和T-B标志牌适宜于全长7~11cm的牙鲆苗种,标记后脱牌率为2%~8%,存活率为90%~100%;T-C标志牌适宜于标记全长11cm的苗种,成活率为94%,脱牌率为5%,对全长7~9cm苗种的标志效果不佳,成活率为85%~87%,脱牌率为9%~11%;T-D标志牌不适宜于全长11cm以下牙鲆苗种的标记,脱牌率为11%~26%,成活率为51%~89%。2011~2012年,利用T-B标志牌在北戴河开展了牙鲆大规模标志放流试验,取得了良好的标记效果。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):35-50
ABSTRACT The Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, is one of the most common finfish cultured in Japan and Korea. Despite the relatively high production of fingerlings, some problems remain, mainly related to the larval feeding and cost of maintaining microalgae and rotifers. In order to determine the effects of different diets on the Japanese flounder larval growth and survival, a series of experiments was carried out related to the size and nutritional value of different live feeds. The larvae culture conditions were at 10 or 20 larvae/L in 50 to 2,000 L tanks, with aeration and with or without “green water,” and a temperature range of 18.5 to 22.5°C. The live foods used were microalgae (Chlorella ellipsoidea and Nannochloris oculata), baker's yeast, experimental n-yeasts, oyster trochophore larvae, three strains of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (L-type, S-type and U-type) and Artemia nauplii. Variations were detected in size, dry weight, and chemical composition of the three strains of rotifers used. The maximum number of rotifers ingested by flounder larvae increased steadily from 7 individuals, at first feeding (3.13 mm), to 42 individuals at 5.25 mm of total length (6 days after first feeding). There was a relationship between larval total length and size of the rotifers ingested. The effect of rotifer size on larval growth and survival appeared to be limited to the first two days of feeding. Of the diets tested in the growth and survival of larval flounder during 14 days after hatching, rotifers fed on C. ellipsoidea and raised in green-water gave the best results. Rotifers cultured on enriched N. oculata and n-yeasts did not support larval growth and caused higher mortalities. The n-yeasts used as rotifer enrichment appeared to satisfy, partially, the nutritional requirement of 7-day-old flounder larvae, as did n-yeast squid wintering oil the requirements of 14-day-old larvae. From 7-9-days after hatching and throughout the second 14-day period, rotifers and Artemia cultured on N. oculata improved the survival of flounder compared with those fed on rotifers cultured on C. ellipsoidea. Moreover, the larval growth did not vary significantly between both microalgae-rotifer feedings. No clear relation was found between total protein, lipid, amino acids and fatty acids of live feeds with the growth and survival of flounder larvae, although the total lipid was higher in C. ellipsoidea than in N. oculata. The Artemia nauplii San Francisco strain appeared to be more suitable for the growth and survival of flounder larvae, than the Utah strain. The nutritional value of Artemia nauplii (Utah strain) for flounder larvae remained unchanged despite the use of either microalgae as nauplii enrichment. 相似文献
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基于牙鲆RNA-seq数据中SSR标记的信息分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),利用Micro SAtellite(MISA)软件对1~6个碱基重复、碱基数在10 bp以上的微卫星进行鉴定。结果表明,牙鲆转录组水平上,共发现42 183个SSR位点,分布在26 457条Unigene上,发生频率为27.12%,平均密度为339个/Mbp。获得的SSR一共有216种重复基元,其中二核苷酸重复基元类型数量最多,共有17 570个,占所鉴定SSR总数的41.65%。同时用SPSS statistics 20.0软件对牙鲆转录组SSR的多态性进行了评估。 相似文献