Effect of feeding garlic leaf on microbial nitrogen supply,kinetics of plasma phenylalanine,tyrosine and protein synthesis in sheep

The objective of the present study was to assess the feeding effects of garlic leaf on microbial N supply (MNS), turnover rates of plasma phenylalanine (PheTR) and tyrosine (TyrTR) and whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) in sheep. The sheep were fed either mixed hay (Hay‐diet, as control) or hay plus garlic leaf diet (GL‐diet, at a ratio of 9:1) in a crossover design each for a 21 day period. The isotope dilution method using [²H₅]Phe and [²H₂]Tyr was performed on the 21st day of each dietary treatment. Nitrogen intake remained similar between the diets and N absorption and N digestibility were higher (P < 0.05) in the GL‐diet than Hay‐diet. Total purine derivatives excretion and MNS were greater (P < 0.05) in the GL‐diet than the Hay‐diet. Plasma PheTR tended to be higher (P = 0.06) during GL feeding and TyrTR did not differ between the diets. Further, WBPS tended to be greater (P = 0.05) for the GL‐diet compared with the Hay‐diet. Hence, the present results suggest that garlic leaf may have positive effects on N metabolism by influencing MNS in sheep and could be used as a potential ruminant feed in the future.     

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on plasma glucose,protein and energy metabolism in sheep

Background

The use of antibiotics in animal diets is facing negative feedback due to the hidden danger of drug residues to human health. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used to replace antibiotics in the past two decades and played an increasingly important role in livestock production. The present study was carried out to assess the feeding effects of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine mixture on kinetics of plasma glucose, protein and energy metabolism in sheep. Ruminal fermentation characteristics were also determined.

Methods

Four sheep were fed on either mixed hay (MH-diet) or MH-diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal medicine (mixture of Astragalus root, Angelica root and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM-diet) over two 35-day periods using a crossover design. The turnover rate of plasma glucose was measured with an isotope dilution method using [U-¹³C]glucose. The rates of plasma leucine turnover and leucine oxidation, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and metabolic heat production were measured using the [1-¹³C]leucine dilution and open circuit calorimetry.

Results

Body weight gain of sheep was higher (P = 0.03) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Rumen pH was lower (P = 0.02), concentration of rumen total volatile fatty acid tended to be higher (P = 0.05) and acetate was higher (P = 0.04) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Turnover rates of plasma glucose and leucine did not differ between diets. Oxidation rate of leucine tended to be higher (P = 0.06) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet, but the WBPS did not differ between diets. Metabolic heat production tended to be greater (P = 0.05) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet.

Conclusions

The sheep fed on CHM-diet had a higher body weight gain and showed positive impacts on rumen fermentation and energy metabolism without resulting in any adverse response. Therefore, these results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine mixture should be considered as a potential feed additive for sheep.     

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on plasma glucose,protein and energy metabolism in sheep

Background： The use of antibiotics in animal diets is facing negative feedback due to the hidden danger of drug residues to human health. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used to replace antibiotics in the past two decades and played an increasingly important role in livestock production. The present study was carried out to assess the feeding effects of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine mixture on kinetics of plasma glucose, protein and energy metabolism in sheep. Ruminal fermentation characteristics were also determined. Methods： Four sheep were fed on either mixed hay （MH-diet） or MH-diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal medicine （mixture of Astragalus root, Angelica root and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM-diet） over two 3S-day periods using a crossover design. The turnover rate of plasma glucose was measured with an isotope dilution method using [U-^13C]glucose. The rates of plasma leucine turnover and leucine oxidation, whole body protein synthesis （WBPS） and metabolic heat production were measured using the [1-^13C]leucine dilution and open circuit calorimetry. Results： Body weight gain of sheep was higher （P = 0.03） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Rumen pH was lower （P = 0.02）, concentration of rumen total volatile fatty acid tended to be higher （P = 0.05） and acetate was higher （P = 0.04） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Turnover rates of plasma glucose and leucine did not differ between diets. Oxidation rate of leucine tended to be higher （P = 0.06） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet, but the WBPS did not differ between diets. Metabolic heat production tended to be greater （P = 0.05） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Conclusions： The sheep fed on CHM-diet had a higher body weight gain and showed positive impacts on rumen fermentation and energy metabolism without resulting in any adverse response. Therefore, these results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine mixture should be considered as a potential feed additive for sheep.     

中草药复方制剂对新疆巴音布鲁克羊生长性能和养分消化的影响

为研究不同水平的中草药复方制剂对巴音布鲁克羊生产性能的影响,试验选择健康巴音布鲁克4月龄断奶羔羊80只,公母各半,初始体重相近,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只,5组分别饲喂添加中草药复方制剂0％、1.0％、2.0％、3.0％和4.0％的日粮.通过饲养试验测定增重及饲料转化率,通过消化试验测定养分代谢率,通过屠...     

复合中草药对罗非鱼生长性能、免疫指标和体组成的影响

本试验采用单因素试验方法,研究复合中草药制剂对罗非鱼生长性能、免疫指标和体组成的影响。选用240尾罗非鱼苗,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复20尾。以基础饲料为对照组,试验组分别在基础料配方的基础上添加0.1%、0.2%、0.4%复合中草药制剂,饲养8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,0.1%和0.4%添加组增重率分别提高3.61%和4.09%,特定生长率均提高3.36%,饲料系数均降低4.5%(P<0.05);且适量中草药可降低转氨酶活性,提高罗非鱼粗蛋白质含量,降低粗脂肪含量。     

中药药代动力学研究概况

研究中药药代动力学是中医药发展现代化的趋势.本文对中药药代动力学的研究方法(血药浓度法和生物效应法)进行了简单的概括,并展望了该领域的研究前景.     

中草药制剂对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组50只,即中药低剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药高剂量组、化学药物组和空白对照组,分别隔离饲养。在2周龄和4周龄时测定肠道中厌氧菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量。结果:2周龄时,中药高剂量组鸡肠道内每克内容物中大肠杆菌数为1.82×107个,厌氧菌数为4.43×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为1.62×107个,厌氧菌数为2.17×108个;4周龄时中药高剂量组大肠杆菌菌数为1.57×107个,厌氧菌数为1.94×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为3.51×107个,厌氧菌数为1.16×108个。结论:中草药替代化学药物预防肉仔鸡的肠道传染病是可行的。     

中草药饲料添加剂在水产养殖中的应用

中草药添加剂具有高效、低毒、促生长等优点,不仅可以提高水产动物生产性能,还能保证水产品卫生安全。本文针对中草药饲料添加剂的作用机理及其在水产养殖中的应用作一介绍。     

中草药添加剂提高家兔生长性能研究

选取断奶家兔32只,随机分成4组,各组饲料分别添加中药0 g/kg(Ⅰ,对照)、6 g/kg(Ⅱ)、9 g/kg(Ⅲ)和12g/kg(Ⅳ)。试验期60 d,测定各组初始体重、期末体重以及饲料消耗量,评价中草药饲料添加剂对家兔增重和料肉比的影响,并对各组经济效益进行比较。结果显示,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组平均日增重分别比对照组提高13.67%、18.28%、20.92%,且差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组料肉比分别为3.59∶1、3.51∶1和3.46∶1,分别比对照组降低6.02%、8.11%和9.42%,且差异显著(P<0.05);试验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ经济效益分别比对照组提高19.8%、25.8%和29.1%(P<0.05)。     

中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡舍气味影响试验观察

本试验的目的是验证中草药对改善肉仔鸡舍内臭味的可行性。试验结果表明,采用本试验所研制的中草药添加剂可使鸡舍内氨气浓度降低41.77%,肉仔鸡增重提高15.67%。     

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine and cold exposure on plasma glucose,leucine and energy metabolism in sheep

An experiment was carried out to assess the feeding effect of Chinese herbal medicine on N balance, ruminal fermentation characteristics, kinetics of plasma glucose, leucine and energy metabolism in sheep kept at thermoneutral environment (23°C) or exposed to cold (2–4°C). Four sheep were subjected to either mixed hay (MH‐diet) or hay supplemented with 2% of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine mixture (Astragalus root, Angelica root and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM‐diet) over two 23‐day periods using a crossover design. Cold exposure was conducted for 5 days. The isotope dilution of [U‐¹³C]glucose with open circuit calorimetry was used to determine the turnover and oxidation rates of plasma glucose and metabolic heat production. The rate of plasma leucine turnover was measured with an isotope dilution method using [1‐¹³C]leucine. N intake was higher, N excretion through faeces was lower and N digestibility was higher for the CHM‐diet than the MH‐diet. Rumen pH was lower, concentration of rumen NH₃ was higher, concentrations of rumen total VFA and acetate tended to be higher and propionate was higher for the CHM‐diet compared with the MH‐diet. Turnover rate of plasma glucose was higher for the CHM‐diet than the MH‐diet and increased during cold exposure. Oxidation rate of plasma glucose did not differ between diets and also between environments. Turnover rate of plasma leucine was higher for the CHM‐diet compared with the MH‐diet but remained similar between environments. Heat production was greater for the CHM‐diet than the MH‐diet and increased during cold exposure. No significant diet × environment interaction was detected. The present results demonstrated that plasma glucose and energy metabolism were enhanced by both Chinese herbal medicine and cold exposure; plasma leucine metabolism was enhanced by Chinese herbal medicine but with lack of change in response to cold exposure in sheep under the conditions of the current experiment.     

中草药添加剂在猪生产中的应用及对经济效益的影响

饲粮中草药添加剂的来源广泛,价格低廉且舍有多种生物活性物质.应用在猪生产中,可以促生长、改善胴体性状和肉品质、提高繁殖性能和免疫功能、缓解应激、提高养殖场经济效益.文章对饲粮中草药添加剂的主要成分、特性及其对猪生产性能和经济效益的影响进行论述.     

中草药添加剂在畜禽生产中的应用

抗生素的使用和滥用造成了畜禽体内药物残留和耐药菌株产生.因此,开发抗生素的替代物具有重要意义.中草药具有提高生产性能以及增强机体免疫力等功能,在动物体内药物残留少,不会产生耐药菌株.文章综述了中草药饲料添加剂的活性成分及其在畜禽生产中的应用,旨在为中草药添加剂在畜禽饲料中的合理应用提供参考.     

中草药饲料添加剂在鸡生产中的应用

本文对中草药特点、分类、作用及其在生产实践中的应用等进行综述,阐明中草药作为饲料添加剂在提高鸡生产性能、免疫性能及疾病防治等方面的应用现状,为替抗产品的研发提供理论依据,促进绿色畜牧业的发展.     

中药复方制剂产复康对小鼠的抗氧化作用研究

为了评价产复康的抗氧化作用,用环磷酰胺造成免疫抑制小鼠模型,将产复康分别以10、15、20g／kg体重三个不同剂量给模型小鼠连续灌胃9d后,测定了模型小鼠脾脏和胸腺组织中、总抗氧化能力（TAOC）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）以及血清溶血素、脾脏和胸腺指数。结果发现产复康分别以10、15、20g／kg体重三个不同剂量均能显著提高环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠脾脏和胸腺TAOC水平、SOD活性、血清溶血素、脾脏和胸腺指数,而显著降低小鼠脾脏和胸腺MDA水平,且呈剂量-效应关系;正常小鼠单独服用产复康也产生相同结果。结果说明产复康能提高健康小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

中草药制剂对热应激奶牛泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为探讨复合中草药制剂对热应激奶牛泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响,选择产奶中后期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛20头,按泌乳时间和产奶量相近的原则均分为A、B、C和D 4组。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C和D组分别在每头牛的基础日粮中添加50,100和150 g/d水平的复合中草药制剂。每天测定产奶量,在试验的第1(添加复合中草药制剂之前)、20和40天逐头采集血样,测定不同剂量复合中草药制剂对热应激奶牛血淋巴细胞凋亡率、血液抗氧化酶GSH-Px、CAT基因及血淋巴细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、p53表达水平的影响。结果表明,B、C和D组的日产奶量较对照组分别提高了20.26%(P<0.05),24.20%(P<0.05)和16.98%(P>0.05);乳中体细胞数较对照组分别降低了21.68%(P<0.05),29.88%(P<0.05)和24.22%(P<0.05);奶牛血液抗氧化酶GSH-Px、CAT基因的表达水平分别比对照组提高了5.00%(P>0.05),13.00%(P<0.05),6.00%(P>0.05)和5.00%(P>0.05),16.00%(P<0.05),3.00%(P>0.05);奶牛血淋巴细胞平均凋亡率分别比A组降低了18.20%(P>0.05),17.86%(P>0.05)和12.51%(P>0.05);奶牛血淋巴细胞Bcl-2在20,40 d时均极显著高于A组,全期的平均水平分别比对照组高出105.00%(P>0.05),113.00%(P>0.05)和57.00%(P>0.05);p53基因的表达水平在20,40 d时均极显著低于A组,全期的平均水平分别比对照组降低了24.00%(P>0.05),28.00%(P>0.05)和20.00%(P>0.05)。试验组中,C组奶牛的日产奶量、体细胞数、血液抗氧化酶活性、淋巴细胞凋亡相关基因表达等指标要优于B、D组;而血液淋巴细胞凋亡率指标为B组最好。说明复合中草药制剂能有效改善热应激奶牛的泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能,且在本试验条件下,每头牛日粮中添加100 g/d水平的效果要优于50及150 g/d水平。     

中药透皮吸收的研究进展

中药透皮吸收因无首过清除、血药浓度稳定等优点已成为经皮给药研究的热点和重点之一,与此相应的透皮吸收促渗剂、促渗方法也取得较大的发展.本文介绍了中药透皮吸收机理、透皮吸收药物的研究现状及促渗剂和促渗方法研究,简要分析了中药透皮吸收中存在的问题.     

中草药对猪肉品质的影响

为探讨中草药对猪肉品质的影响,选用120头90日龄健康猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,进行中草药复方剂饲养试验。结果表明,中草药饲料添加剂对猪肉品质具有重要的调节作用。     

中草药添加剂对绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

试验选取4000只绿壳蛋鸡,随机分为4组(A组、B组、C组、D组),每组2个重复,每个重复500只鸡。对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,各试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加500、1000、1500 mg/kg中草药添加剂。结果表明,各试验组的蛋形指数,蛋壳强度,蛋壳厚度,蛋黄颜色,蛋黄比率,哈氏单位,血、肉斑率较对照组均得到一定改程度改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组蛋比重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见中草药添加剂可一定程度改善绿壳蛋鸡的蛋品质。     

几种草药煎液对雏鸡生长发育的效果观察

本试验通过选用大青叶、马鞭草、扛板归、枸骨、牡荆等五种药用植物的全草各等量进行水煮,取其药液喂鸡与空白组进行对比试验,结果使用两个疗程后,饮药水的雏鸡育雏期成活率和出笼率高于不给草药组;给草药组的饲料药物成本比不给草药组的低.