伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能和有关血清生化指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡100羽,随机分成2组,试验组在基础日粮中添加伊普异黄酮5 mg/kg。试验开始3周后宰杀40羽,6周后宰杀剩余的60羽,研究伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能的影响。结果显示,添喂伊普异黄酮分别使生长前期公鸡和母鸡增重提高2.21%、0.95%,血清尿酸含量降低27.06%(P<0.05)、1.06%,血清T3水平升高12.4%、9.67%,血清FT3水平升高56.51%(P<0.05)、7.06%;使整个生长期公鸡和母鸡增重提高10.73%(P<0.05)、5.86%,血清尿酸含量降低35.11%(P<0.05)、14.63%,血清T3水平升高42.56%(P<0.05)、73.24%(P<0.05),血清FT3水平升高126.56%(P<0.01)、85.88%(P<0.05),同时血清碱性磷酸酶活性明显升高,血清钙、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量均明显降低。     

不同添加剂对热应激肉仔鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

本试验探讨不同抗热应激添加剂对热应激肉仔鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,热应激使肉仔鸡的体重下降,采食量减少,日增重降低,饲料转化率降低,从而显著降低了肉仔鸡的生产性能。各添加组对肉仔鸡抗热应激有良好的效果,有改善日增重和饲料转化率作用,其中0.5%NaHCO3+1%NH4C l对改善肉仔鸡日增重和饲料转化率效果最佳,日增重和饲料转化率分别比高温对照组增加了27.54%(P<0.05)和20.19%(P<0.05)。添加VC引起血液中的葡萄糖、糖皮质醇和醛固酮降低,肌酸磷酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶显著上升,血钠和谷丙转氨酶恢复到常温水平。添加0.5%NaHCO3+1%NH4C l,血液中的葡萄糖和血钾显著下降,血钠、肌酸磷酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、糖皮质醇和醛固酮不同程度的上升。添加VE,血钾和皮质醇显著下降,血清中的白蛋白和球蛋白恢复到常温水平,血液中的葡萄糖和谷丙转氨酶显著上升。     

日粮共轭亚油酸对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及血清中瘦素和脂联素的影响

选用60只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)对其生长性能、腹脂沉积的影响。结果显示,日粮中添加CLA可显著提高49日龄黄羽肉鸡腿肌重(P<0.05),显著降低母鸡的腹脂沉积(P<0.05),但对母鸡的体增重有抑制作用(P<0.05),且能提高血清中瘦素水平(P<0.05)。     

Effects of dietary betaine on growth performance,fat deposition and serum lipids in broilers subjected to chronic heat stress

We evaluated the effects of supplementing betaine on growth performance, fat deposition and lipid metabolism status in broilers kept under chronic heat stress. Five hundred and forty chicks were randomly divided into six groups and the two normal temperature groups were held at normal ambient temperature and fed the basal diet (CONT) and basal diet plus 0.1% betaine, respectively. Heat stressed (HS) broilers were held at 32 ± 1°C from days 22 to 42 and fed the basal diet containing variable levels of betaine. Broilers were examined at days 28, 35 and 42 for body weight, feed consumption, fat deposition and serum lipids. The CONT and betaine‐supplemented groups showed higher (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) feed consumption, body weight gain, and lower feed : gain ratio compared with the HS‐CONT group. Meanwhile, heat stress increased abdominal, intermuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition, whereas the supplemental betaine significantly decreased those compared with the HS‐CONT group. Additionally, betaine supplementation significantly decreased triglyceride, free fatty acids, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with HS‐CONT. Chronic HS reduces broiler production performance. However, betaine can reverse these negative effects partially and thus improve carcass composition by changing lipid metabolism.     

酸枣仁皂甙对热应激肉用仔鸡生产性能、消化道和免疫器官的影响

为探明酸枣仁皂苷对肉仔鸡的抗热应激作用,将225只1日龄AA肉雏仔鸡公母混合随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1～4组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5,1.0,1.5和2.0 mg/kg的酸枣仁皂苷。1～3周龄采用常规饲养管理,4周龄时开始进行为期1周的(34±1)℃热应激处理。结果:0.5和1.0 mg/kg添加水平极显著提高3周龄肉仔鸡日增重(P<0.01),4个水平的酸枣仁皂苷对热应激肉仔鸡的平均日增重、采食量和饲料转化率均有改善作用,以0.5和1.0 mg/kg添加水平最佳(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加0.5 mg/kg酸枣仁皂苷显著提高热应激肉仔鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率(P<0.05),极显著降低皮下脂肪厚(P<0.01)。酸枣仁皂苷对热应激肉仔鸡的腿比例、腿肌率、胸肌率、腹脂率、腺胃率、肌胃率、脾脏率、十二指肠率、空肠率、回肠率、盲肠率、法氏囊率和胸腺率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。总之,1～3周龄肉仔鸡饲粮中添加酸枣仁皂苷,可提高采食量和日增重;34℃热应激下添加酸枣仁皂苷,可提高平均日增重、采食量和饲料转化率,改善胴体品质;酸枣仁皂苷较理想的添加水平为0.5～1.0 mg/kg。     

氯化铵对肉仔鸡热应激的影响

通过离子平衡途径,在肉仔鸡日粮中添加氯化铵,观察其对家禽热应激的影响。将270只1日龄艾维茵肉雏鸡随机分为5个处理,每处理设3个重复,试验持续到5周龄。试验模拟夏季高温环境,全期人工控温28～35℃。1～28日龄进行饲养试验;29～34日龄进行代谢试验。5组试验日粮为:Ⅰ为正对照组,21%CP;Ⅱ为Ⅰ组日粮+0 62%氯化铵;Ⅲ为负对照组,19%CP;Ⅳ为Ⅲ组日粮+0 62%氯化铵;Ⅴ为Ⅲ组日粮+1 00%氯化铵。试验结果表明:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肉仔鸡期末体重、日增重、采食量和饲料转化率与对照组无显著差异,Ⅴ组21日龄体重显著降低(P<0 05);Ⅱ和Ⅴ组显著提高CP、Ca和P的表观代谢率(P<0 05),Ⅴ组P除外;Ⅴ组粪便含水率明显增加(P<0 01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与对照组代谢指标差异不显著。     

Effects of alpha‐lipoic acid supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters for ammonia‐exposed broilers

In order to estimate the effect of alpha‐lipoic acid (LA) supplementation on relieving ammonia stress of broilers, 180 22‐day‐old male broilers were assigned to three groups, six replicates in each group and 10 birds per replicate. The three groups were: (1) a control group without ammonia stress; (2) exposure to 70 ppm atmospheric ammonia (AM); (3) exposure to 70 ppm atmospheric ammonia and administration of 300 mg/kg LA (AM + LA). The experimental period was 3 weeks. Results showed that average daily weight gain was increased and feed conversion ratio was decreased in the AM + LA group, compared with the AM group (P < 0.05). Total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum, and glutathione content in liver were higher in the AM + LA group than that in the AM group (P < 0.05); however, serum malondialdehyde content was decreased by LA addition (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were reduced and albumin level was increased by LA addition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LA addition could relieve ammonia stress to restore broiler production performance to normal levels.     

丁酸梭菌替代抗生素对肉鸡生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

为研究不同水平丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响,选择2 000只体重相近、健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复100只鸡.空白对照组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素对照组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg金霉素,试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、400、600 g/t丁酸梭...     

维生素C和氯化钾对夏季高温条件下肉鸡生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

本试验评估了饮水中添加氯化钾,日粮中添加不同水平维生素C对夏季高温肉鸡生长性能和生理参数的影响。试验选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡936只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复39只鸡。共设计4种日粮,对照组饲不做任何处理,处理1~3组日粮在基础日粮中分别添加200、400和800 mg/kg维生素C,饮水中添加0.1%氯化钾。试验由1日龄开始到49日龄结束(试验前21 d各组室内温度维持一致)。试验结果:各组对21和28 d肉鸡活体重的影响均无显著差异(P>0.05),但对42和49 d肉鸡活体重的影响均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中处理2组体重最高(P<0.05)。处理2组较处理1组和对照组显著提高了35 d肉鸡日增重(P<0.05),较其他3组显著提高了49 d肉鸡日增重(P<0.05)。对照组较其他3组显著提高了21、28、35、42和49 d肉鸡日采食量(P<0.05),处理2组较处理1组显著提高了35 d肉鸡日采食量(P<0.05),处理1组较处理3组显著提了42 d肉鸡日采食量(P<0.05)。对照组较处理2和3组显著提高了35、42和49 d肉鸡料重比(P<0.05)。处理1组较处理2组显著提高了42和49 d肉鸡料重比(P<0.05)。处理1组较处理3组显著降低了肉鸡屠宰率(P<0.05),而对照组较其他各组显著降低了肉鸡的死亡率(P<0.05)。对照组较其他各组显著降低了血红蛋白含量和红细胞比积(P<0.05),而处理2组血红蛋白含量最高(P<0.05),处理3组红细胞比积最高(P<0.05)。对照组较其他组显著提高了血液pH和葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),其中处理3组血液pH和葡萄糖含量最低(P<0.05)。结论:饮水中添加氯化钾,日粮添加维生素C可以显著缓解热应激对21 d肉鸡生长性能的负面影响,其中肉鸡环境温度在25~35℃时,饮水添加0.1%氯化钾,日粮添加400 mg维生素C可以改善肉鸡的生长性能。     

Effects of enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. on growth performance and some blood parameters of broilers exposed to heat stress

To evaluate the effects of enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. (EA) on growth performance and some blood parameters of broilers exposed to heat stress (HS), 320 22‐day‐old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted into five groups with eight replicates of eight birds each. Broilers in the control group were housed at 22 ± 1°C and fed the basal diet. Broilers in the HS, HS‐EA_0.75, HS‐EA_1.00 and HS‐EA_1.25 groups were reared under HS (34 ± 1°C for 8 h/day and 22 ± 1°C for 16 h/day), and fed basal diet with 0, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 g/kg EA, respectively. The experiment ended at 42 days. Dietary 1.00 and 1.25 g/kg EA decreased blood pH and elevated body weight gain, feed intake and carcass yield compared to the HS group. Broilers fed EA diets had lower serum concentrations of malondialdehyde and corticosterone and activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and higher serum total superoxide dismutase activity, tri‐iodothyronine concentration and tri‐iodothyronine/thyroxine than the HS group. Serum catalase activity in HS‐EA_1.00 and HS‐EA_1.25 groups and activity to inhibit hydroxyl in the HS‐EA_1.00 group were higher than the HS group. In conclusion, dietary 0.75–1.25 g/kg EA addition alleviated HS induced impairments in broilers.     

4种植物提取物对肉鸡氨气散发、生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

研究旨在观察比较樟科（CFPE）、丝兰（YE）、一串红（SS）和桂花（OFL）植物提取物对肉鸡氨散发量、生产性能、免疫机能以及血液生化指标的影响。将500只0日龄AA肉鸡随机分为5组：即肉桂、丝兰、一串红和桂花提取物200mg/kg添加试验组,及基础日粮对照组。每个试验组4个重复,每个重复25只。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组均显著降低氨气的散发（P〈0.05）,提高日增重,降低料肉比（P〈0.05）,显著改善肉鸡血液生化指标（P〈0.05）：增高血清总蛋白的含量,降低血清尿素氮、血清尿酸含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性;同时,桂花组显著提高血液中CD4^＋的含量和CD4^＋/CD8^＋,降低CD8^＋的含量（P〈0.05）。结果提示,日粮中添加肉桂、丝兰、一串红、桂花提取物均能显著改善肉鸡生长性能,增强机体免疫机能,且在降低鸡舍中的氨气浓度,改善饲养环境方面,一串红、桂花植物提取物完全可以达到甚至超过樟科、丝兰植物提取物的作用效果。     

锌和维生素C对热应激条件下肉鸡生长性能和免疫反应的影响

文章旨在研究日粮单独或联合使用锌和维生素C对高温条件下肉鸡生长性能和免疫反应的影响。试验选择320只1d肉仔鸡,根据体重随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(锌含量为40mg/kg),处理1组在基础日粮中添加60mg/kg锌,处理2组在基础日粮中添加200mg维生素C,处理3组在基础日粮中添加60mg/kg锌+300mg/kg维生素C,试验共开展35d。在试验第21~35天对鸡只进行热应激诱导,即25℃12h,25~34℃3h,34℃6h,34~25℃3h。结果显示:处理组较对照组均显著提高了肉鸡的采食量、体增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料比(P<0.05)。日粮同时添加锌和维生素C组肉鸡采食量和体增重最高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加60mg/kg锌、200mg/kg维生素C或锌和维生素C联合使用的肉鸡脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊重量显著提高(P<0.05)。60mg/kg锌+200mg/kg维生素C和200mg/kg维生素C组较对照组显著提高了新城疫、传染性法氏囊炎和传染性支气管炎的抗体滴度(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,60mg/kg锌+200mg/kg维生素C、200mg/kg维生素C组和60mg/kg锌组显著提高了血液白细胞总数、淋巴细胞和单核细胞占比(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,日粮单独或联合添加锌和维生素C均可显著改善热应激条件下肉鸡的生长性能和免疫状态。     

大蒜素对肉仔鸡生长性能、血液指标和屠体特性的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平大蒜素作为促生长剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、血液指标和胴体品质的影响。试验选择1日龄白羽肉鸡252只,随机分为3组,每组84只(每组4个重复,每个重复21只)。试验采用玉米-豆粕型日粮,各组日粮中分别添加0%、2%和4%大蒜素,试验共进行42d,分析肉鸡生长性能和血液指标。结果:日粮添加2%大蒜素显著提高肉鸡采食量、体增重、末重及饲料转化率(P<0.05)。各组日粮对肉鸡的屠宰率无显著影响(P>0.05)。2%大蒜素组胸肌重量最高(P<0.05),而4%大蒜素组胸肌重最低(P<0.05)。大蒜素组对肉鸡法氏囊和胸腺重量的影响无显著差异(P>0.05)。2%和4%大蒜素组较对照组显著降低了脾脏重量(P<0.05)。日粮大蒜素添加水平对肉鸡血液淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞占比、红细胞压积、红细胞数和白细胞数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:肉鸡饲喂添加2%大蒜素日粮生长性能参数最好,而4%大蒜素组最低,因此,肉鸡日粮中大蒜素适宜添加水平为2%。     

饲料中添加刺五加提取物对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益指标的影响

为探讨饲料中添加刺五加提取物对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益指标的影响,试验选择体重相近的21日龄白羽肉鸡400只,随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只,1组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0％、2.0％、3.0％的刺五加提取物,预试验7 d,试验期为21 d.结果表明:(1...     

黄连提取物对高饲养密度下肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响

文章旨在研究高密度饲养条件下肉鸡日粮添加黄连提取物对其生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响.试验将640只平均体重为(42.12±0.16)g的肉鸡随机分为4组(T1～T4),每组4个重复,每个重复40只.T1组肉鸡在高密度(20/m2)下饲喂基础日粮,T2组肉鸡在正常饲养密度(10只/m2)下饲喂基础日粮,T3组...     

洋葱提取物对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肉品质的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加洋葱提取物对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化及肉品质的影响.试验选择平均体重接近的1日龄肉仔鸡512只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复32只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮+60 mg/kg抗菌肽,T2组和T3组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮+200、400 mg/kg洋葱提取物,试验共进行35 d....     

谷氨酰胺对高温环境下黄羽肉鸡抗氧化能力的影响

选21d健康的黄羽肉鸡120只,随机分成4组。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C和D组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.5%和0.8%谷氨酰胺的饲粮,试验期14d,在高温(33±2℃)下观察黄羽肉鸡血液超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,以研究谷氨酰胺对黄羽肉鸡血液抗氧化能力的影响。试验结果表明:高温下日粮中添加0.5%和0.8%谷氨酰胺可显著提高28d和35d黄羽肉鸡的血液GSH-Px活力(P<0.05),显著降低血液中MDA含量(P<0.05);添加谷氨酰胺对血液SOD活力无显著影响(P>0.05)。提示谷氨酰胺是通过提高体内GSH-Px活性,抑制脂质过氧化反应以增强机体的抗氧化能力。     

日粮中添加硫辛酸对热应激条件下母兔的影响

选择体况良好的新西兰母兔20只,随机分为4组,日粮中分别添加硫辛酸200mg/kg、400mg/kg、600mg/kg,对照组不添加。每组5个重复(每个单笼饲养的兔子为一个重复)。探索日粮中添加硫辛酸对热应激条件下母兔影响。试验结果表明,在高温应激情况下,在日粮中添加硫辛酸:①可使母兔血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低(P0.05);②可提高母兔的血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和GSH-Px的活性(P0.05);③可增加母兔血清总抗氧化能力(P0.05)。从相关理化参数可见,以日粮中添加600mg/kg的硫辛酸抗热应激效果最好。     

精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为了研究精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响,选用30头(21±2)d断奶的健康、体重相近的仔猪,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,断奶当天起,分别每天口腔灌服0,300,600,900和1 200μmol的精胺,连续灌服3 d,试验期为14 d。结果表明:灌服900和1 200μmol的精胺,可显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量(P<0.05);在断奶后第7天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性分别降低了24.11%和23.17%(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量分别增加了50.31%和49.69%(P<0.05);在断奶后第14天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组DAO活性分别降低了16.80%和21.14%(P<0.05),而其他血液指标含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.