不同脂肪源对罗氏沼虾脂肪酸组成的影响

试验旨在探讨饲料中不同脂肪源组合对罗氏沼虾全虾脂肪酸组成的影响.设计5种不同脂肪源组合的饲料(Ⅰ.鱼油0.5％+豆油2.5％;Ⅱ.鱼油0.5％+菜籽油2.5％;Ⅲ.鱼油0.5％+花生油2.5％;Ⅳ.鱼油0.5％+亚麻油2.5％;V.豆油1.5％+亚麻油1.5％),投喂平均体质量为(2.22±0.04)g的罗氏沼虾60 d,采集的全虾样通过气相色谱法分析其脂肪酸相对含量.结果表明:Ⅲ组虾体单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量最高,达32.58％,显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ和V组(P＜0.05).Ⅰ组虾体n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)含量最高,为28.62％,并且显著高于其他4组(P＜0.05).Ⅳ组虾体n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)含量最高,为17.17％,并且显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).虾体二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量(EPA+DHA)则是Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅳ和V组(P＜0.05).不同脂肪源组合对罗氏沼虾脂肪酸组成有显著影响.     

不同脂肪源对罗氏沼虾生长及体组织常见组分的影响

用5种不同脂肪源组合的饲料(Ⅰ.鱼油0.5%+豆油2.5%;Ⅱ.鱼油0.5%+菜籽油2.5%;Ⅲ.鱼油0.5%+花生油2.5%;Ⅳ.鱼油0.5%+亚麻油2.5%;Ⅴ.豆油1.5%+亚麻油1.5%)投喂体重为(2.22±0.04)g的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)40 d,研究不同脂肪源对其生长及全虾和肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量的影响。结果显示:在生长方面,第Ⅴ组的罗氏沼虾增重显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组增重也显著大于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。在体成分方面,Ⅰ组全虾总水分含量最低,显著低于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅴ组全虾粗脂肪含量最高,显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组全虾粗蛋白含量显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及Ⅴ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组肌肉总水分含量显著高于其他各组;肌肉粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

矿物质添加剂对罗氏沼虾生长的影响

为了提高罗氏沼虾的生长率,降低饲料成本,寻求适宜的矿物质添加量,我们于1997年进行了矿物质添加剂对罗氏沼虾生长的影响试验。一、材料与方法1．试验饲料试验用饲料配方如表1（除添加剂外其他含量均相同）,试验分为3组,第1组为对照组,饲料中不添加矿物质;第2组饲料中添     

罗氏沼虾生长研究

经数理统计分析,罗氏沼虾体长与年龄呈直线相关,体重与年龄呈幂函数相关,并分别计算出它们相应的回归方程式.体重与体长呈幂函数相关,其函数关系式为W=0.01944L3.1426.     

罗氏沼虾4个不同群体的生长和存活率比较

采用荧光标记同池混养的方法,对罗氏沼虾4个不同群体的生长和存活率进行比较分析。结果表明:4个群体的日均增长和日均增重的大小顺序为:YFNTHZFCJ;特定生长率大小顺序为:YFNTHCJZF,且YF群体与ZF群体差异显著。体长和体重的变异系数大小顺序均为:ZFCJNTHYF。各群体肥满度无显著差异。ZF群体的养殖存活率显著高于YF群体,其他群体之间无明显差异。研究为罗氏沼虾下一步选育提供科学指导。     

维生素E及脂肪源对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响

在大菱鲆饲料中分别添加鲤鱼鱼油及花生油作脂肪源,每种脂肪中添加两个水平的维生素E（8mg／kg和300mg／kg维生素E醋酸酯）,饲养大菱鲆84d,探讨其对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响。结果发现,（1）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆血清补体活性,而以花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆血清补体活性;（2）以鲤鱼鱼油和花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆中性粒细胞的吞噬率及白细胞总数;（3）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆的溶茵酶活性,但随着时间推移其影响减弱;（4）饲喂n-3HUFA含量高的饲料,对大菱鲆腹水病的抵抗能力高于n-3HUFA含量低的饲料。     

罗氏沼虾对维生素C的需求

以每公斤饲料分别添加０、５０、１００、２００、４００、８００ｍｇ维生素Ｃ多聚磷酸酯（ＬＡＰＰ）的半纯化饲料饲养初始体重约５．５２ｇ的罗氏沼虾Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉ９周。结果表明,添加ＬＡＰＰ使罗氏沼虾的相对增重率显著升高,蜕壳频率增加,蜕壳周期缩短。添加量达到５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的,可以保证罗氏沼虾正常蜕壳。肝胰脏和血淋巴中的Ｖｃ含量随饲料中ＬＡＰＰ水平的上升而上升,ＬＡＰＰ的添加量达２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,肝胰脏中的Ｖｃ达到饱和;而血淋巴中的Ｖｃ含量则随饲料中ＬＡＰＰ水平的上升一直上升。若饲料中缺乏ＬＡＰＰ,则罗氏沼虾全虾的蛋白质和粗脂肪含量下降,而肝胰脏中的粗脂肪含量上升。以增重率为指标,用突破点直线回归法确定罗氏沼虾饲料中Ｖｃ多聚磷酸酯的适宜含量为１１１．９ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

芝芪菌质对罗氏沼虾生长和免疫及中肌苷酸含量的影响

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Zhiqi Fungal Substance on their performance, immunity , and meat quality in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Macrobrachium rosenbergii were allotted into four groups randomly. The control group were fed with basal diet, the others were the treated groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.25% ,0.5% ,1% Zhiqi Fungal Substance for 35 days, respectively. The results showed Zhiqi Fungal Substance can imporve the production of shrimpand and the survival rate. Zhiqi Fungal Substance increased the LSZ and SOD level（P 〈 0. 05） compared to control. Addition of 0.5% and 1% Zhiqi Fungal Substance increased the AKP and the ACP level（P 〈 0. 05）. It is indicated that dietary Zhiqi Fungal Substance can improve the flavor of cultured shrimp.     

饲料维生素C水平对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响

以维生素C多聚磷酸酯为维生素C(VC)源,评价了饲料VC水平对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长、肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0、60、300和1 500 mg/kg的VC(分别记为C 0、C 60、C300和C 1500组)配制成4种实验饲料,投喂初始体质量为(77.07±2.24)g的吉富罗非鱼56 d,实验分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。结果表明,饲料中添加VC可以显著提高吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率和成活率(P0.05),但3个添加组之间无显著差异(P0.05);各实验组罗非鱼肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量不受饲料VC添加水平的影响(P0.05),罗非鱼肌肉的水分含量以C 1500组最低,显著低于其余3组(P0.05);C 300组罗非鱼肌肉的弹性和咀嚼性显著高于C 0组(P0.05);C 1500组的肌肉硬度、凝聚性、弹性、黏性、咀嚼性均显著高于C 0组(P0.05),各组的肌肉回复性无显著差异(P0.05);VC添加组的罗非鱼血清和肌肉的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于C 0组(P0.05),血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以C 300组最高,显著高于C 0组(P0.05),肌肉CAT活性有增高趋势但未出现显著差异(P0.05),3个VC添加组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于C 0组(P0.05),C1500组的肌肉MDA含量显著低于C 0组(P0.05)。上述结果表明,饲料中添加适量VC(有效含量282 mg/kg)能提高吉富罗非鱼的生长性能,改善其肌肉品质,增强机体抗氧化功能。     

饲料维生素E水平对云纹石斑鱼幼鱼生长、营养及免疫指标的影响

以初始体重(15.58±0.22)g的云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)为研究对象,设置5种不同维生素E水平(11.09 mg·kg-1、47.52 mg·kg-1、91.38 mg·kg-1、134.57 mg·kg-1、178.92 mg·kg-1)的等氮等能饲料,对云纹石斑鱼进行56 d的饲育实验,探讨饲料维生素E水平对该鱼生长、营养性能及血清免疫指标的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加维生素E对云纹石斑鱼幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率的作用明显,饲料维生素E在149.59 mg·kg-1左右时云纹石斑鱼的增重率较高;云纹石斑鱼组织中维生素E积累量与饲料中维生素E添加水平呈正比,但饲料维生素E水平超过91.38 mg·kg-1时鱼体组织中维生素E积累量不随饲料维生素E水平添加而显著升高,饲料维生素E水平在139.68 mg·kg-1时云纹石斑鱼具有较高的肝脏维生素E积累量;饲料维生素E水平对云纹石斑鱼血清中免疫球蛋白M和溶菌酶活性的影响显著。综合增重率、肝脏维生素E积累量和免疫指标,云纹石斑鱼饲料维生素E适宜添加水平为139.68~149.59 mg·kg-1。     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth,flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

To investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus, a 56‐day feeding trial with five graded levels of dietary VC (D1: 11.69, D2: 34.89, D3: 59.10, D4: 114.26 and D5: 227.93 mg VC per kg of diet) was performed on 375 fish (triplicate groups of 25 fish per diet, initial weight 13.57 ± 0.09 g). Results showed that fish of D3 group exhibited the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) and the highest liver enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), which were consistent with the expression levels of cat and gsh‐px. Besides, the D3 group also showed higher contents of protein and lipid, and lower cooking loss, drip loss and malondialdehyde content in muscle than D1 group. The docosahexaenoic acid proportion in muscle increased with increasing dietary VC levels. Furthermore, the lowest expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (cpt1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (pparα) were detected in livers of D3 group. The optimum dietary VC level was 49.73 mg/kg from the broken‐line analysis based on the SGR, in which better growth performance, antioxidative ability and flesh quality were observed in T. ovatus juveniles.     

Effect of dietary vitamin E on growth,immunity and regulation of hepatopancreas nutrition in male oriental river prawn,Macrobrachium nipponense

We evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin E on growth, immunity and regulation of the hepatopancreas in male oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. Shrimps were fed 0, 40, 80, 160, 320 or 640 mg vitamin E/kg for 60 days. The 80 mg/kg group had the highest weight gain rate, specific growth rate and lowest feed conversion rate while there were no significant differences in survival rate and hepatosomatic index. The highest crude fat and lowest crude protein content were observed in the 160 mg/kg group. In the hepatopancreas, lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were highest in the 160 mg/kg group, while superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased with increasing vitamin E levels. Malondialdehyde content initially decreased then increased with vitamin E levels, whereas the reverse was seen with total antioxidant capacity. Linoleic acid, DPA, DHA, total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid first increased then decreased, while EPA and total saturated fatty acid rose with vitamin E levels. Total n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content declined while there were no significant differences in linolenic and total monounsaturated fatty acid content. Following a toxicity test with Aeromonas hydrophila, hepatopancreas ultrastructure revealed that appropriate vitamin E levels promote an increase in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies, but excess vitamin E can damage cell structure. These results provide evidence that 80–160 mg/kg dietary vitamin E has a positive impact on growth, immunity and regulation of the hepatopancreas in male shrimp.     

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth,non‐specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Six purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid sources, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), at 6% diet lipid crossing two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) for each lipid source (FO100, FO300, LO100, LO300, SO100, SO300). The juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, respectively, fed on these diets with four replicates for 6 weeks. The crab weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. No difference was found between the crabs fed two levels of vitamin E, but the WG and SGR were numerically higher in crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E than those fed the other level of vitamin E. The lipid source and vitamin E level could affect fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas. The contents of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and n‐3HUFA were significantly higher in the crab‐fed fish oil. The highest contents of n‐6PUFA and n‐3PUFA were found in the crab‐fed soybean oil and linseed oil respectively. The contents of SAFA, n‐3HUFA and n‐3PUFA were higher in the 300 mg/kg vitamin E treatment. A lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher phenoloxidase (PO) activity were observed in the crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E. The results of this study indicate that the Chinese mitten crab fed the diet with 6% fish oil and 300 mg/kg vitamin E showed better growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.     

Effect of dietary lipid oxidation with vitamin C and E supplementation on fillet quality of red sea bream,Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel) during storage

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of dietary vitamin C (VC) and E (VE) supplementation on fillet quality of red sea bream fed oxidized fish oil (OFO). Fish with an average body weight of 205.0 g were fed four test diets for 9 weeks. Control diet contained fresh fish oil (FFO) with 100 mg kg^?1 of VE and 500 mg kg^?1 of VC (FFO100E/500C). The other three diets contained OFO with varying levels of VE (mg kg^?1) and VC (mg kg^?1) (OFO100E/500C, OFO200E/500C and OFO200E/1000C). After feeding trial, two fillets from each fish by hand filleting were stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for 96 h during analyses. Results showed that fish fed OFO increased fillet thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and K‐value, and decreased fillet VC and VE concentrations during storage time. Supplementation of VC did not have any detectable effect on fillet quality. Increasing dietary VE supplementation increased fillet VE concentrations, reduced fillet TBARS and K‐value values of red sea bream. Therefore, we suggest that dietary supplementation of 200 mg kg^?1 of vitamin E could improve fillet oxidative stability of red sea bream fed OFO.     

Effects of dietary geniposidic acid on growth performance,flesh quality and collagen gene expression of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary geniposidic acid (GA) on growth performance, flesh quality and collagen gene expression of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The fish with an initial body weight of 47.1 ± 0.8 g were fed one of the seven diets, including control diet, Eucommia ulmoides (EU)‐supplemented diet (20 g/kg) and GA‐supplemented diets (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 mg/kg GA) for 75 days. The growth performance and muscle proximate composition showed no difference among groups (p > .05). Dietary GA (200–1,000 mg/kg) increased the contents of total collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen in skin (p < .05), and high supplementation of GA (600–1,000 mg/kg GA) and EU increased the contents of total collagen, alkaline‐insoluble collagen and total amino acids (p < .05), but reduced the lipid level in muscle (p < .05). In collagen gene expression, EU and 200–1,000 mg/kg GA increased COL1A1 expression in muscle and skin (p < .05), but the expression of COL1A2 was increased only by high supplementation of GA (1,000 mg/kg, or 800–1,000 mg/kg) (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary GA improved the flesh quality of grass carp, and the supplementation level was estimated to be 600 mg/kg diet.     

脆化专用饲料对罗非鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响

为考察脆化饲料对罗非鱼(Tilapia)生长和肌肉品质的影响,实验分别以配合饲料(对照组)、脆化饲料(试验组)喂养体质量为(115.30±23.69)g的罗非鱼99 d。结果显示:配合饲料组和脆化饲料组罗非鱼的增重率分别为185.25%、94.96%;饲料系数为1.87、2.94;肥满度为15.23、12.50;肌肉粗蛋白含量为19.40%、18.26%;粗脂肪含量为0.75%、1.32%;胶原蛋白为2.03、2.91;肌原纤维耐折力为33.93μm、64.84μm;滴水损失为2.59%、1.82%。与对照组相比,在生长方面,脆化饲料组罗非鱼增重率、肥满度显著降低,饲料系数显著增加(P<0.05);在肌肉品质方面,肌肉的粗蛋白含量和滴水损失显著降低,而粗脂肪含量、胶原蛋白含量和肌原纤维耐折力显著提高(P<0.05)。结果表明,脆化饲料在一定程度上改善了罗非鱼的肌肉品质。     

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on growth,lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition of Dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor) fingerlings

A high mortality of cultured loach during their early development has constrained loach aquaculture industry in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation on growth performance, lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus fingerlings. Six test diets supplemented with 0 (0E), 50 (50E), 100 (100E), 150 (150E), 200 (200E) and 500 mg kg^?1 (500E) of dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate were fed loach fingerlings (mean initial weight 24.0 ± 0.2 mg) in triplicate for 40 days. Results showed that the fish fed diet 100E and 200E had significantly higher body weight gains and specific growth ratios and significantly lower feed conversion ratios compared with fish fed diet 0E. With the increase in dietary VE level, whole‐body VE content was significantly increased (except 500E) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value was significantly reduced. Increasing dietary VE level increased the percentages of 20:4n‐6 and 20:5n‐3 in neutral lipid fraction, but decreased the percentages of 20:4n‐6 and 20:5n‐3 in polar lipid fraction. In conclusion, VE requirement of loach fingerlings for optimum growth and functionally preventing lipid peroxidation was 136.1 mg kg^?1 of dry diet under the present experimental conditions.