沙田柚叶片营养元索适宜含量的研究

为探讨沙田柚叶片营养元素含量指标,作者于1989—1991年进行了本研究。结果表明,沙田柚叶片大量元素含量的变异系数以氮最小,钙最大,钾、镁和磷依次减小;微量元素含量的变异系数除硼外,其余都明显大于大量元素,其中锰最大,铁、锌和铜相近,且明显小于锰,硼最小。本研究提出了丰产沙田柚叶片营养元素的适宜含量:氮2.3～2.8％,磷0.1—0.14％,钾1.0—2.0％,钙2.5—5.8％,镁0.2—0.38％,铁33×10~(-6)—140×10~(-6),锰10×10~(-6)—70×10~(-6),锌15×10~(-6)—35×10(-6),铜4×10~(-6)—25×10~(-6),硼39×10~(-6)—76×10~(-6)。大量元素的适宜比值为:氮:磷:钾:钙:镁=1.00:0.05:0.59:1.04:0.11;微量元素的适宜比值为:铜:锌:锰:硼:铁=1.00:1.72:2.76:4.48:5.97。以上标准可作为衡量沙田柚叶片营养元素含量盈缺及平衡与否的重要参数。     

GA_3和2,4-D对甜橙叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用的影响

GA_3和2,4-D在柑桔生产中被广泛应用,但它们对柑桔叶片叶绿素含量及光合作用的影响未见报道。为此,我们1988年在广州进行了本试验。试材为1980年定植的红桔砧暗柳橙。设50×10~(-6)GA_3、20×10~(-6)2,4-D、50×10~(-6)GA_3+20×10~(-6)2,4-D3个处理(各处理均加入0.05％的吐温-20作展着剂),并以清水为对照。喷液均匀喷布于叶片正反两面,以     

大白菜施用稀土试验初报

稀土是植物生理生化金属激活剂,具有促进作物生根发芽,提高叶片叶绿素含量,增加对氮、磷、钾等营养元素的吸收,增强抗逆性等功效。本试验初步探讨了稀土对大白菜产量及品质的影响。1 试验方法供试土壤为西安地区(土娄)土,pH值8.1,全氮为0.106%,全磷0.186%,碱解氮95×10~(-6),速效磷(p)10×10~(-6)有机质1.25%;供试稀土为河南商丘市稀土微肥示范厂生产,含稀土氧化物(RE_2O_3)     

枳砧椪柑叶片营养元素适宜含量的研究

对枳砧椪柑叶片营养元素含量适宜范围的统计分析表明:采样地点及年份间的差异对叶片元素含量有重要的影响;叶片各元素含量的变异系数差异较大,且微量元素含量的变异系数多显著高于大量元素。初步提出丰产枳砧椪柑叶片元素含量的适宜范围:氮2.90%～3.50%,磷0.12%～0.16%,钾1.00%～1.70%,钙2.50%～3.70%,镁0.25%～0.50%,铜4.0～16.0×10~(-6),锌20.0～50.0×10~(-6),锰20.0～150.0×10~(-6),铁50.0～140.0×10~(-6),硼20.0～60.0×10~(-6).上列标准可作为营养诊断之参考。     

“玛瑙红”樱桃不同程度黄化叶片的光合特性及其矿质营养分析

以"玛瑙红"樱桃幼树为试材,采用室内检测及田间调查相结合的方法,研究了不同黄化程度对叶片光合色素、光合特性和矿质营养元素的影响。结果表明:随着叶片黄化程度的加深,叶绿素(a+b)及类胡萝卜素含量显著下降,光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)显著降低,而胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)显著增大;黄化叶片中的营养元素N、P、Ca、Mg、Fe含量下降,K含量上升;相关性分析表明Ca、Fe、Mg与叶绿素含量的相关性最高。     

缺素处理对两种鸢尾叶绿素和蛋白质含量的影响

以山鸢尾、溪荪幼苗为试材,采用Hoagland完全营养液为对照,对幼苗进行缺素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)营养液培养处理,研究了缺素处理对其叶绿素和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:缺N、K、Mg元素处理,可使山鸢尾及溪荪体内叶绿素含量下降,影响作用大小为NKMg,山鸢尾溪荪;缺P、Ca元素处理可使蛋白质含量大幅度下降,影响作用大小为PCa。     

P、K、Ca缺失对枇杷幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响

利用盆栽,观察了枇杷幼苗缺P、K、Ca时的外部症状和内部组织解剖结构,测定了根系活力,叶绿素含量及光合作用强弱。结果表明:缺P植株叶片暗绿,叶脉紫红色,老叶有坏死斑块易脱落,叶片光合量比对照低,根系发育不良,根系活力降低。缺K植株细弱,老叶有黄斑,叶面不平整,叶绿素含量显著降低,光合量最小。缺Ca植株矮小,叶片小、畸形,新叶边缘出现黄斑,根系发育不良,根皮率增加。     

红壤甜橙园植株锰镁锌营养失调的诊断

对福建南靖县朝阳山柑桔场柳橙和改良橙叶片黄化进行了研究。根据叶片黄化症状及土壤、叶分析结果,确认该黄化现象系植株缺乏锰、镁、锌元素所致。有黄化症状植株叶片锰、镁、锌含量分别为6.7×10~(-5)～20.5×10~(-6)、0.193％～0.194％、18.0×10~(-6)～21.5×10~(-6),均低于适宜范围值。认为植株锰和镁元素的缺乏是土壤中代换性锰、易还原锰和代换性镁含量低所致;而锌元素缺乏与土壤和植株中含磷量过高有关。     

赤霉素对芹菜作用效果的试验研究

本文报道了不同浓度的赤霉素(GA_3)及其栽培密度对芹菜产量的影响。结果表明,赤霉素30×10~(-6)和10×10cm的密度为最佳组合,增产达20％。叶绿素含量提高0.15mg/dm~2,并有抑制叶片徒长现象,从而增加了经济产量。     

不同氮处理下增施CO2对番茄叶片养分含量的影响

为探究不同氮处理对番茄植株叶片养分的影响及增施CO2的效果。以番茄"鸿途"为试验材料,在2个自然光照人工气候室内,采用苗钵基质栽培,设置5个氮素处理的营养液(50、150、250、350、450 mg·L^-1,分别设为N1~N5)、2个CO2浓度(300、600μL·L^-1,分别设为C1、C2),分别测定植株开花期、坐果期、果实膨大期生物量及叶片硝态氮和矿质元素含量。结果表明:中氮处理(N 250~350 mg·L^-1)下,植株干质量、叶片硝态氮含量以及矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量均较高。增施CO2处理后,番茄植株干质量较C1处理增加了10.2%,叶片N、K、Mg含量都增加了20%左右,P含量没有变化,Ca含量降低了25.67%;低氮处理(N 50 mg·L^-1)下,番茄植株干质量、叶片硝态氮含量以及矿质元素N、P、K、Mg、Ca含量均较对照N3处理低。增施CO2处理后,植株的总干质量没有显著增加,其叶片硝态氮含量以及N、P、K含量也没有显著变化,而Ca含量在开花期和坐果期较C1处理分别增加了37.72%、15.45%,Mg含量在开花期较C1处理增加了43.86%;高氮处理(N 450 mg·L^-1)下,植株干质量较N3处理降低了18.03%,叶片硝态氮含量较N3处理增加了111.44%,叶片N、Ca、Mg含量与N3处理接近均较高,P、K含量较N3处理均降低了10%。增施CO2处理后,植株干质量较C1处理增加了35.92%,叶片硝态氮含量增加不显著,叶片N、K、Mg含量较C1处理分别增加了19.06%、27.82%、24.87%,而叶片P含量变化不显著,叶片钙含量在番茄开花期、坐果期和果实膨大期都较低,较C1处理分别降低了21.37%、17.16%、7.75%。综合番茄生长各项指标及经济效益,在营养液N浓度为250~350 mg·L^-1时,增施CO2浓度到600μL·L^-1(C2)最能促进开花期番茄植株叶片养分含量的增加。     

不同营养液浓度对莴苣生长特性的影响

 以长叶莴苣( Lactuca sativa var．1ongifolia Lam．)为试材，研究了NFT栽培条件下莴苣水分与养分吸收特性，以及NFT对其生长发育的影响。试验结果表明，莴苣蒸腾效率前期>中期>后期；整个生育过程中，P、K、Mg的吸收成分组成浓度(养分与水分吸收比，n/w)均低于原始营养液浓度，而Ca则相反；NO3^--N因处理浓度不同而异。叶片中各无机成分含量随生育过程而提高，同一生育期随营养液浓度提高而增加；综合莴苣产量因子与商品性状，以3/4倍园试均衡液最佳。     

Effects of air humidity and K/Ca ratio in the nutrient supply on growth and postharvest characteristics of cut roses

Single node cuttings with one mature leaf were taken from the rose cv. Baroness and rooted in water culture. The rooted plants were grown in nutrient solutions and subjected to two levels of relative air humidity (RH): high (90%) and moderate (70%), in combination with high (12/1), medium (1/1) and low (1/5) K/Ca ratios in the nutrient solution. High RH plants accumulated less Ca in leaves and flowers than moderate RH plants. Roses grown at moderate RH had a longer postharvest life than high RH roses, irrespective of the K/Ca ratio of the nutrient solution. In general, a high K/Ca ratio had a negative impact on postharvest life. When grown at a high K/Ca ratio the ornamental value declined rapidly, mainly due to the appearance of necrotic petals as well as chlorotic and necrotic areas on the leaves. Bent neck occurred only with high RH plants but changes in the K/Ca ratio had no differential effect. Dry spots and brittle leaves were observed on high RH roses, and the occurrence increased with increased K/Ca ratio in the nutrient solution. Stomatal conductance increased in parallel with increases in RH and K/Ca ratio when measured on intact roses placed in dry air (40% RH).     

碳酸氢根和铵态氮共同对菜豆生长及养分吸收的影响

 以菜豆为材料进行水培试验, 探讨了高浓度NH₄⁺-N与HCO₃^-共存介质对菜豆生长发育及其营养吸收的影响, 结果表明: ①以HCO₃^--N 为主要氮源时, 菜豆生长状况最好; 以NH₄⁺-N为主要氮源且无HCO₃^-存在时, 培养前期菜豆根系就发生受害现象, 叶片出现萎蔫; 但加入HCO₃^-后, 随着营养液中HCO3- 浓度从0 升高到13. 0 mmol/L , 菜豆长势逐渐改善, 表明HCO₃^-与NH4+ 以较合适的比例共存于介质中可明显减轻二者非共存对菜豆生长的抑制作用。② 同一处理, 菜豆整株对主要营养元素吸收量的次序为: N > K> P > Ca >Mg > Fe >Mn , 以NH4+2N 为主要氮源时, 随HCO₃^-浓度升高, 菜豆对N、P、Ca、Mn 的吸收量逐渐增大。③以NO_3^--N 为主要氮源, P、Fe、Mn 元素在根部出现累积, 而以NH₄⁺-N为主要氮源时, 随HCO₃^-浓度增加, N、P、Ca、Mn 在根部亦有累积现象。     

Effect of Apple Rootstocks and Length and Type of Interstock on Leaf Nutrient Levels

The levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined in the leaves of young apple plants over a four-year period. The treatments were three root-stocks, MM 111, MM 106 and M 9; three interstocks, Red Delicious (cv Red Prince) (RD), MM 106 and M 9; and four interstock lengths, 2·5, 7·5, 12·5 and 18 cm. The level of Ca was lower in the leaves of plants with an MM 111 rootstock than in those on MM 106 or M 9. The level of K in the leaves was lower on plants with an M 9 than with an MM 106 or RD interstock. Only lengths of M 9 inter-stock differentially affected the nutrient level, and these effects were not consistent. Nutrient levels of leaves from rootstock and interstock treatments were similar over the four-year period. A small differential effect was shown only on the level of Ca. Rootstock treatments differentially affected the levels of N and Ca in the leaves over the four-year period, whereas the interstock treatments differentially affected the level of Cu over the same period. The effects of interstock lengths on leaf nutrient levels over the four years were few and inconsistent.     

Effect of humidity and nutrient feed K/Ca ratio on physiological responses and the accumulation of dry matter,Ca and K in tomato

Summary

Two levels of humidity, high, 0.1 kPa vapour pressure deficit (vpd) and control 0.5 kPa vpd, and four nutrient feed K/Ca mM ratios (4/7, 10/7, 4/2 and 10/2) were applied in all factorial combinations to a nine-week old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop for 63 d. The effect on gas exchange, water relations, vegetative growth, yield and accumulation of Ca and K in the shoot was examined. High humidity had a deleterious effect on leaf expansion, delayed truss and fruit maturity and reduced fruit yield. Water uptake was reduced and the Ca concentration of leaf and fruit tissue was increased under high humidity compared with plants grown under control humidity; K accumulation was unaffected. The accumulation of K and Ca in the shoot appeared to be poorly related to the rate of transpiration. The high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feed had little effect on vegetative growth and yield compared with the low (4/7 mM), but restricted Ca uptake to the fruits at both the high and the control humidity. During the measurement period, 0900–1300 hours, stomatal conductance and leaf water status remained high at elevated humidity, compared with a progressive reduction in leaf water status and low stomatal conductance in the control humidity. A/c_i gas exchange analysis where A is the net CO₂ assimilation rate and c_i is the intercellular partial pressure of CO₂ suggested that, at high humidity, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves was reduced because of a lower in vivo carboxylation efficiency. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for reduced leaf expansion remains unclear. The complex interrelations between physiological responses, leaf expansion and the uptake and distribution of K and Ca to the shoot, are discussed.     

苹果叶营养元素含量的影响因素分析

 通过采样分析及肥料定位试验, 研究了采样时期、品种、砧木、产量、施肥等因素对苹果叶营养元素含量的影响。结果表明: 苹果叶营养元素含量的季节性变化明显; 富士、秦冠、红星、金冠、嘎拉等5个苹果品种间的叶N、P、Ca、B、Mn、Zn含量存在显著差异; M9、M26、M7、MM106矮化中间砧(新疆野苹果基砧) 和新疆野苹果乔化砧上, 苹果品种间叶营养元素含量存在差异, M9的K、Fe高而其余元素含量偏低, M26的Mg、Mn、Zn高而K、Fe低, M7的N、P、Cu、Fe、Zn较高, MM106的N、Mn高而K低, 乔化砧的Fe高而Cu、Zn低; 不同产量水平果园间叶营养元素含量不同, 高产果园较低产园N、Mg、Zn元素含量高而P、K含量低; 施肥提高叶K含量效果明显, N次之, P效果缓慢。     

Standardization of leaf-sampling technique for mineral composition of leaves of mango cultivar ‘Chausa’

The effects of leaf age, leaf position on the shoot, sampling-direction and sampling-height of leaves of mango cultivar ‘Chausa’ on their mineral composition were studied. The P and K contents decreased, while Ca, Mg, S and Mn contents increased significantly with advancing age of leaves. In general, N, P, Mg, S, Zn, Mn and Fe contents were stable in 6- to 7-months-old leaves. P, K, Ca, Mn and Fe contents varied with sampling-direction, while K, Ca, S, Zn, Cu and Fe contents were significantly higher in the leaves from the lower portion than from the upper portion of the tree. A continuous increase in Ca and Mg contents and decrease in K and Mn contents of leaves were observed from basal to terminal leaves on a shoot. It was concluded that 6- to 7-months-old leaves from the middle of non-fruiting shoots, sampled from all directions and heights, were most suitable for assessing the nutritional status of a mango tree.     

阿月浑子叶片矿质营养质量分数的季节变化

对引自美国、以色列和伊朗的3个阿月浑子品种的成年树在生长过程中的叶片营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、Fe)质量分数进行测定分析,结果表明,3个阿月浑子品种叶片矿质营养元素质量分数季节变化规律一致,从5月到9月,随叶龄的增加,N质量分数逐渐下降,Ca、Mg、Mn、K质量分数逐渐递增,其中Ca增加3倍,最为明显,而P、Cu、Fe质量分数变化不显著;7月中下旬营养元素质量分数相对稳定,为阿月浑子营养诊断的最佳采样时期;试验地总盐量在0～20cm和20～40cm土层分别为666.6mg·kg-1和900mg·kg-1,为强碱性土壤,导致阿月浑子P、Fe亏缺,叶片缺素症状明显,由于灌溉水含盐量高达2670mg·kg-1,到坚果成熟期部分叶片盐害症状明显,叶片中的Cu质量分数相对较高,但未发现明显的Cu害症状;阿月浑子叶片各营养元素质量分数的相关分析表明,不同元素间存在一定的相关性,其中N和Ca质量分数存在极显著的负相关关系,Mg和Cu质量分数存在极显著的正相关关系。