30%“飞达”除草剂在苗圃上的应用试验

应用10%草甘膦水剂、30%"飞达"可溶性粉剂、20%克无踪水剂3种化学除草剂在优质绿化苗木培育中进行对比试验,试验结果表明,30%"飞达"可溶性粉剂是一种经济有效的化学除草剂,可大面积推广。     

30%飞达草甘膦可溶性粉剂防除苗圃杂草试验

分析了在苗圃地使用30％飞达草甘膦可溶性粉剂防除杂草试验,结果表明：使用30％飞达草甘膦可溶性粉剂的最佳剂量丁香苗圃地为3．0kg／hm^2,除草效果可达到80％以上;青海云杉和祁连圆柏苗圃地为3．7kg／hm^2以上,除草效果可达到70％以上。河西地区使用30％飞达草甘膦可溶性粉剂防除苗圃杂草,全年施药2～3次即可达到理想效果。施药除草必须严格按照操作规程进行,以取得最大防除效果,并避免发生药害。     

飞达草甘膦可溶性粉剂与不含SDP草甘膦水剂的对比

飞达草甘膦可溶性粉剂是江苏南通飞天化学实业有限公司近年来研制成功的专利产品。它克服了历史上草甘膦除草剂只能应用水剂的世界性难题。经近几年的实践应用，我们认为草甘膦可溶性粉剂与市面上一般销售的不含天然植物源助剂SDP的草甘膦水剂相比，有以下12个方面的优越性。     

除草剂在种源收集区项目营建技术中的应用

通过对青海云杉、祁连圆柏、樟子松、柽柳种源收集区进行杂草防除效果试验,结果表明,30%迪林飞达可溶性粉剂每667 m2用药量300～400 g,兑水60 kg,对防除青海云杉、祁连圆柏、樟子松种源收集区杂草效果都在85%以上;10%草甘膦水剂在防除青海云杉、祁连圆柏、樟子松种源收集区杂草效果也极显著,而且对青海云杉、祁连圆柏、樟子松无药害;3种除草剂对柽柳都产生药害,只是药害大小有很大差异。     

25%阿森呐水剂防除果园地杂草试验

试验表明，用25％阿森呐(ARSENAL)水剂750～1000ml／hm^2(有效成分)于杂草3～5叶茎叶喷雾，不仅对出苗的杂草有优异的防除效果，而且能有效地控制杂草出苗。施药后60d的防除效果达97.5％～100％，施药后90d的防除效果仍达85．5％～91．7％，明显长于常规药剂41％农达水剂20～30d的持效期。     

2003年度林用除草剂质量检测公告

全国林业化学除草技术推广委员会、中国林学会化学除草研究会于 2 0 0 3年度 ,对主要会员企业的部分产品质量进行布点实验检则 ,现将检测结果公告如下 :1　“飞达”3 0 %、65%和“飞达红”88.8%分别为草甘膦可溶性粉剂、水溶性粒剂和可溶性粒剂生产厂家 :江苏南通飞天化学实验有限公司实验地点 :北京市昌平区、海淀区和海南省琼中县质量评定 :优 ,已通过国家药检登记 ,“飞达”30 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂、“飞达”6 5 %草甘膦水溶性粒剂、“飞达红”88.8%草甘膦铵盐可溶性粒剂 ,具有高效、广谱、安全、低毒、价廉、贮藏和使用方便 ,无污染等优良…     

扁核酸枣黄斑病生物药剂田间防治试验

枣黄斑病又叫枣黑腐病,是豫北扁核酸枣树的重要病害。2007年～2008年,笔者对不同药剂不同浓度进行田间试验,旨在指导果农搞好枣黄斑病防治。一、材料和方法1．试验药剂。3％中生菌素可湿性粉剂;6％农抗120水剂;4％双抗水剂;苹果益微可湿性粉剂;70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂。     

苦参碱水剂防治油茶毛虫药效试验

应用0.36％苦参碱水剂进行防治油茶毛虫幼虫试验研究,结果表明:采用300～1000倍液防治≤4龄油茶毛虫幼虫,72h后,其杀虫率达91.2％以上;防治≥5龄油茶毛虫幼虫,72h后,其杀虫率为89.7％～96.1％。在该试验设计的浓度范围内,苦参碱水剂的杀虫效果(包括残留药效)随浓度的增大而提高,随气温的升高而降低。     

TCP植物蒸腾抑制剂的研制

介绍了TCP植物蒸腾抑制剂的配方组成，以及水剂、粉剂的使用方法和影响因素。     

草甘膦和调节膦混用在非耕地上除草效果

本研究表明，40%调节膦水剂 65%草甘膦可溶性粉剂组成的双膦混剂，在非耕地上进行化学除草，每667m^2用有效量为60g 60g，对水50kg，除草效果达91%，而单用40%调草膦水剂，每667m^2用有效量140g，除草效果为75%；单用65%草甘膦可湿性粉剂，每667m^2用有效量130g除草效果为84%，混用比单用好。值得在林区推广应用。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.