那贺川野菊的离体保存

以那贺川野菊为试材,研究了不同浓度蔗糖和多效唑（PP333）对试管苗离体保存的影响,并对保存材料再生后代的遗传稳定性进行了分析。结果表明：常温（23 ± 2）℃、光照强度2 000 ~ 3 000 lx、光照时间12 h • d-1的培养条件下,在MS + 2.0 mg • L-1 KT + 0.1 mg • L-1 NAA + 6.5 g • L-1琼脂培养基中,蔗糖浓度为15 ~ 30 g • L-1时附加6 ~ 9 mg • L-1 PP333能保存试管苗360 d以上,存活率达93.53% ~ 100%,且恢复生长后试管苗长势良好,其再生后代的形态特征、过氧化物酶（POD）酶谱和ISSR-PCR扩增图谱与对照相比没有明显差异。     

Transplanting Gladiolus plants propagated in vitro

In vitro propagated Gladiolus plantlets cultivar ‘Eurovision’, subcultured to a pretransplanting low-mineral and sucrose medium under high irradiance flux, developed functional roots, and after transfer to non-aseptic conditions, continued to grow without becoming dormant.Transplanted plantlets, after hardening, produced larger-size plants and cormlets (small corms) under non-aseptic conditions than formed in vitro, thus shortening the time for the propagation of large-size cormlets.     

试管芋诱导的研究

 以芋组培苗为试材, 研究了蔗糖浓度、激素浓度、光照时间、培养温度、不同大小试管苗,不同芋品种类型等因素对试管芋诱导的影响及不同基质对试管芋育苗成活率的影响。结果表明: 诱导试管芋较理想的培养基为MS + 蔗糖8 % + BA 1. 0 mg·L ^{- 1} + NAA 0. 5 mg·L^-1 , 光照12 h/ d , 培养温度30 ℃; 试管苗越大越有利于试管芋的形成; 试管芋可保持其原有的特性; 基质影响试管芋育苗的成活率, 4 种基质中蛭石最好。     

Virus-free sweet potato storage roots derived from meristem-tips and leaf-cuttings

The two common sweet potato viruses found in Taiwan, sweet potato virus-A and sweet potato virus-N, were eliminated from 14 sweet potato clones by culturing 0.2-0.4-mm long meristem-tips. Leaves from 2-month-old meristem-cultured plantlets were virus-indexed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). More than 80% of the plantlets were virus-free. Rapid multiplication of virus-free plantlets was carried out by using single-node cuttings in vitro. Small storage roots were then obtained by further culturing leaf-cuttings procured from the established, virus-free plants. Using this method, virus-free storage roots were obtained within 9 months of initial meristem-tip excision and culture. It is estimated that about 90 small, virus-free storage roots can be obtained from each established plantlet within 6 months.     

紫外线辐照对马铃薯茎段愈伤组织及其再生植株的影响

用紫外线和低温处理马铃薯试管苗茎段,然后观察其再生过程,记载试管苗的生长速度、生长形态等及棚栽苗和扦插苗的生长特点并测定其生理指标,研究紫外线和4℃低温对大西洋马铃薯茎段组织的影响。结果表明,紫外线和4℃低温能够渗入生长点细胞;显著降低愈伤组织的生长势,诱导再生植株及其组织器官发生变异;证实紫外线照射4 min以上或紫外线照射3 min＋4℃处理1个月对马铃薯具有明显的诱变效应。     

Morpho-physiological disorders in in vitro culture of plants

The special conditions during in vitro culture results in the formation of plantlets of abnormal morphology, anatomy and physiology. Tissue culture conditions that promote rapid growth and multiplication of shoots often results in the formation of structurally and physiologically abnormal plants. They are often characterized by poor photosynthetic efficiency, malfunctioning of stomata and a marked decrease in epicuticular wax. Qualitatively also, the waxes present on the surface of the leaves of in vitro cultured plants may vary. The conditions under which most laboratories done tissue culture is high relative humidity and low light, no supplemental CO₂, high sucrose and nutrient containing medium may contribute to a phenotype that cannot survive the environmental conditions when directly placed in a greenhouse or field. Understanding these abnormalities is a prerequisite to develop efficient transplantation protocols. The present review summaries the major abnormalities in in vitro culture of plants and also highlight the current and developing methods that are satisfactory for acclimatization of in vitro cultured plantlets.     

Micropropagation of Cryptanthus with leaf explants with attached intercalary meristems excised from greenhouse stock plants

By using the leaves with attached intercalary meristems from greenhouse grown stock plants, five cultivars of Cryptanthus were cultured on modified MS media with 4.5 μM NAA and IBA and 3 μM BA to induce adventitious shoot formation from callus tissue. Contamination was 17–21% for explants taken from stock plants which were sprayed weekly with Agribrom and 27–75% for those taken from stock plants which were not treated. More than 99% true to type plantlets were obtained from non-chimeric plants. Green and albino plantlets were obtained from chimeric plants. The chimeric C. ‘Coster's Favorite’ DeCoster also produced a few chimeric plantlets with intermarginal pink stripes in addition to the green and albino plantlets. Most of the non-chimeric plants took a shorter time to produce plantlets of transplantable size (8–12 mm) than the chimeric ones. Except for albino plantlets, survival rate of plantlets exceeded 95%. A minimum average of 500 rooted plantlets can be obtained in a year from a single well-callused leaf explant. The protocol in this report should speed up the mass production and introduction of desirable new cultivars and hybrids of non-chimeric Cryptanthus.     

鹤顶兰四倍体植株的诱导与鉴定

 以鹤顶兰原球茎为材料,使用秋水仙素进行了四倍体的离体诱导。结果表明,采用秋水仙素浸泡法可以诱导鹤顶兰原球茎发生倍性变化,含0.02%秋水仙素的“花宝一号”溶液浸泡处理6 d诱导率最高,达22.5%。细胞学鉴定发现,诱变成活植株中有3株为四倍体,其植株形态、气孔大小、气孔密度与二倍体存在差异,细胞核明显增大。     

芦笋性别分子标记研究进展

芦笋是典型的雌雄异株植物,雄性植株抗病性和生命力强,产量比雌株高25%以上。但是,芦笋雌雄株在苗期仅从形态上难以区分,因此怎样对芦笋进行早期性别鉴定成为国内外芦笋研究者的重要研究领域,其中芦笋性别连锁分子标记的研究最受关注。本文综述了芦笋性别连锁分子标记及芦笋性别决定基因克隆的研究概况,对研究中存在的主要问题进行了讨论,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。     

60Co-γ辐射对切花菊试管苗的诱变效应

以‘神马’和‘长紫’两个切花菊品种的生根试管苗为试材,用60Co-γ射线进行辐射,设0（对照）、10、15和20 Gy等4个剂量处理,处理后以茎段和叶片为外植体进行离体培养,分析辐射对腋芽发生率、愈伤组织诱导率和分化率的影响,统计M1代田间主要性状及变异情况。结果表明：γ射线对试管苗茎段和叶片的愈伤组织诱导及分化有明显抑制作用,随着辐射剂量的增加抑制作用加强。不同品种、不同外植体对辐射的敏感程度都存在差异。茎段较叶片更适合做辐射后组培的外植体。‘长紫’M1代株高降低,花径减小;而‘神马’在株高和花径出现略微增加的趋势。茎段和叶片的再生植株田间主要性状的变异程度大于腋芽的再生植株。‘长紫’在花色和瓣形上的变异率高于‘神马’。     

Variation in two Begonia × hiemalis clones after in vitro propagation

In order to study the variation of Begonia × hiemalis after in vitro propagation, one plant of ‘Aphrodite Pink’ and one of ‘Schwabenland Red’ were vegetatively propagated in four ways. One group of plants was obtained by propagation by means of cuttings. For the second group, the bacterial elimination system, as developed by Hakkaart and Versluijs (1983), was applied which includes an in vitro propagation step. The third and fourth groups were obtained by adding one and two cycles, respectively, of in vitro propagation after the bacterial elimination, so that one, two and three propagation cycles could be compared. One cycle, followed by bacterial elimination, gave nearly uniform offspring. However, when this was followed by one or two cycles of in vitro propagation, the variation increased. Variation also increased when the size of the plantlets obtained in vitro decreased. Thus, an important source of variation can be avoided by eliminating the smallest in vitro plantlets. It is recommended to flower and select the plants before propagation by conventional cuttings, whether or not a further in vitro propagation is applied after the bacterial elimination.     

苹果三倍体后代培养及倍性鉴定

以自然授粉的三倍体苹果品种乔纳金的种子为材料,研究了培养方式对苹果三倍体实生后代获得的影响及实生后代的倍性水平。结果表明,离体培养与常规播种在乔纳金种子成苗率上存在明显差异,其中离体培养的成苗率是48.1%,常规播种的成苗率是20.9%,离体培养获得的植株是常规播种获得的植株的2倍以上。本研究获得的690个乔纳金实生后代中以非整倍体植株占多数,共获得非整倍体452株,占植株总数的65.5%。在后代中有13个为多倍体,其中离体培养获得7株三倍体和4株四倍体,而常规播种只获得2株三倍体,表明离体培养可以获得较多的多倍体资源。乔纳金实生后代中不同倍性植株在形态上差异显著,根据植株形态和叶形指数,可以容易地将多倍体(三倍体、四倍体)植株与二倍体植株和非整倍体植株区分开来。     

应用花药培养技术培育苹果新类型

通过对苹果不同品种花培植株的试管苗及其高接树的染色体数目观察,看到大部分为单倍体,还有其他倍性的植株.幼龄期元帅花培植株的植物学性状与原品种元帅之间有显著差异,表现分枝多、有针刺、叶片小而薄、茸毛少、有缺刻等野生性状.在花培植株之间,也表现有明显的差别.田间高接后,花培植株随树龄增长逐渐向栽培性状转化,元帅花培植株元80—3已开始结果,表现出明显的短枝型特征.     

Propagation of hyacinths by tissue culture

Sterile tissue from most parts of the hyacinth will regenerate plantlets in vitro. Bulbscale and basal plate tissue require no added growth substances but leaf, stem and ovary tissue respond to low concentrations of the auxins indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-napthylacetic acid (NAA).At higher concentrations of NAA, plantlets are replaced by callus from which plantlets may be regenerated. In vitro plantlets may be split into two halves each of which regenerates a whole plantlet on sub-culture; this process may be repeated at intervals of 8–12 weeks throughout the year.The efficiency of in vitro propagation compared with conventional methods is discussed.     

摩西球囊霉对芦笋幼苗生长和矿质营养吸收的影响

摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae,GM）是球囊霉属丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi,AMF）,具有对环境适应力强、应用范围广的特点。为探明摩西球囊霉对芦笋育苗的应用效果,采用营养钵育苗播种对芦笋进行GM接种处理,研究GM对芦笋幼苗生长、菌根侵染及矿质营养吸收的影响。结果表明：接种GM后芦笋幼苗生物量显著提高,植株根系具有较高的菌根依赖性。GM对芦笋幼苗根系的侵染呈现“S”形变化趋势,播种10周后,GM对芦笋幼苗根系达到较高程度的侵染,且GM菌根苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量与不接种对照相比显著提高。接种GM显著促进了植株对矿质元素特别是P的吸收,其次为Mg。接种GM培育菌根苗的技术应用于芦笋栽培可以培育壮苗,缩短苗期,节省肥料,提高养分利用率。     

内39号葡萄株系的离体快繁技术研究

利用一个新育鲜食葡萄内39号株系,在原离体快繁技术基础上,改进取材时间和繁殖技术,同时配合试管苗绿枝扦插,经过9个月的繁殖,生产出2.32万株生产用苗。逐月统计了实际生产数,表明葡萄离体快繁技术确实可缩短育种年限,用于育种实践。     

组培芋田间中试

对多子芋(武芋1号)试管苗和试管球茎的田间中试生长情况进行比较,结果表明,6月下旬～7月中旬武芋1号试管苗植株生长速度较其常规芋种快,到7月中旬,与常规芋种相当,7月下旬～8月上旬,常规芋种的植株生长速度快于试管苗;武芋1号试管苗的母芋、子孙芋质量、整株质量均小于其常规芋种;试管球茎的子孙芋产量和总产量比常规芋种高,相对商品性好。对3种类型芋试管球茎产品进行比较,结果表明,试管球茎可提高多子芋、多头芋的产量,魁芋的产量则低于常规芋种;移栽大田的试管球茎苗以中苗为佳。     

Morphological and physiological characteristics of micropropagated strawberry plants rooted in vitro or ex vitro

In the classical method of strawberry micropropagation, the rooting phase is done in vitro. The trials were undertaken to replace in vitro rhizogenesis by a direct ex vitro rooting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and physiological status of strawberry plants rooted by both methods. The micropropagated shoots of strawberry, cultivars Senga Sengana, Kent and Kama were rooted by the standard method at the in vitro stage or they were treated as soft cuttings and rooted ex vitro (in non-sterile conditions). After a 4-week rooting period the plantlets rooted ex vitro had larger root systems than in vitro-rooted ones, as evidenced by a significantly lower ratio of shoot to root dry weights (2.95, 3.33 and 4.24, respectively, for ex vitro rooted Senga Sengana, Kent and Kama plants versus 5.09, 6.95 and 5.04 for in vitro rooted plants of the same cultivars). During subsequent growth, differences in development increased and were most pronounced in runner formation, more than twice as many runners were formed by ex vitro, than by in vitro-rooted plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that photochemical activity was similar in the leaves from plants rooted in vitro and ex vitro. Values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters indicated that persistent leaves play the key photosynthetic role at the beginning of the growth period. With the formation of new leaves, the photosynthetic activity of the persistent leaves decreased and their function was taken over by the newly formed ones.     

柑桔三倍体苗的试管嫁接及微繁殖研究

甜橙胚乳三倍体试管苗茎段及顶芽采用试管扦插培养难于生根,亦不能正常生长;而将其茎段和顶芽嫁接于试管中的砧木上,成苗率达90％以上。在含BA0.1mg/L的MT培养基中,每株嫁接苗形成3～4个芽,可作试管快速繁殖。嫁接苗移植于无菌土中,成活率高达95％以上。田间二重接可加速三倍体小苗生长。本方法为解决柑桔试管苗移植问题提供了一条新途径。     

非洲菊试管苗叶片的组培快繁

 用非洲菊试管苗叶片作外植体获得了有再分化能力的愈伤组织和正常的再生植株。在适宜培养基上叶片切块的出愈率和出芽率最高可达96 %和90 %; 小苗4 周增殖倍数为10. 85 , 生根率99 % , 最快4周就能从叶片切块成苗。试管苗叶片快繁最适培养基为: 起始MS + 62BA 3. 0 mg·L^-1 + NAA 0. 1 mg·L^-1; 增殖MS + 62BA 3. 0 mg·L^-1 + NAA 0. 2 mg·L^-1; 生根1/ 2 MS + IAA 1. 0 mg·L^-1 。用作外植体的试管苗以3～4叶期为佳, 叶片切块以4 mm ×4 mm为宜。