轻型木桁架齿板的承载性能分析

对轻型木桁架用连接件--齿板进行设计,并测试了齿板的极限受拉承栽力和受剪极限承载力,分析和探讨影响齿板连接性能的因素.试验证明:荷载与木纹夹角、荷载与板轴夹角均对板齿承载力有影响,荷载与板轴夹角对齿板的抗剪极限承载力有很大的影响.     

冷弯薄壁型钢-稻草板组合墙体抗剪性能研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-纸面稻草板组合墙体力学性能,对4面冷弯薄壁型钢-纸面稻草板组合墙体试件进行了单调水平抗剪性能试验。分析了各试件破坏形态和破坏过程,得到组合墙体的屈服荷载、极限荷载及延性系数、抗侧移刚度等性能指标。研究结果表明:冷弯薄壁型钢与纸面稻草板通过自攻螺钉连接组合方式合理,组合效应良好;组合墙体经历弹性、弹塑性、破坏三个阶段,其主要破坏模式为边立柱底部局压屈曲,部分纸面稻草板在螺钉孔处被撕裂;组合墙体具有较大的抗剪承载力,延性系数和抗侧移刚度等指标表现良好;施加上部竖向荷载使组合墙体抗剪承载力降低,带有斜撑的组合墙体能够显著提高抗剪承载力。该组合墙体抗剪承载力和抗侧移刚度对于实际工程具有参考意义。     

自攻螺钉连接正交胶合木抗剪承载力研究

采用自攻螺钉(Self-tapping screw,STS)连接正交胶合木(Cross-laminated timber,CLT),对5种不同参数的连接试件进行单调加载和分级加载试验,测试其抗剪承载力。结果表明,增加STS长度、直径,可明显提高CLT连接试件的抗剪承载力;钉入角度为45°比钉入角度30°时的抗剪承载力提高了28.3%;主侧材对接、STS左右双向斜钉是一种较优的连接形式,比搭接的抗剪承载力提高了50.7%。     

日式剪力墙覆面板钉连接性能试验研究

剪力墙是日式梁柱式木结构最主要的抗侧力构件,其抗侧力取决于覆面板钉连接的性能。按照日式剪力墙构造制作剪力墙覆面板钉连接试件,分别进行单调和往复加载试验,分析钉连接的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线及承载力,并对相关曲线进行拟合分析。研究表明,加载方式对钉连接测试结果有明显影响;落叶松胶合板和辐射松/杨木复合胶合板的覆面板钉连接性能均较好,二者承载力相近。     

交变荷载下木构件增强端部钉节点抗剪性能

为克服木构件端部易开裂、力学性能差等不足,采用粉状碳纤维对木材端面进行增强处理,研究了木构件增强后端部钉节点在交变荷载下的受剪性能。结果表明:在单调荷载下,碳纤维增强后的水曲柳和落叶松木材端部钉节点抗剪力得到大幅改善,分别提高102.54%和78.23%;交变荷载能加速木构件端部钉节点损伤进程,交变荷载频率及荷载变化幅度是影响钉节点抗剪性能的主要因素;不同树种及不同端面钉节点剪切位移增量差异明显,剪切位移增量可用作评价交变荷载下钉节点抗剪性能优劣的参数;增强端面钉节点剪切破坏模式主要表现为钉孔边缘碳纤维涂层出现局部变形及钉剪切变形。增强后的水曲柳及落叶松木构件端面具有更优异的抗疲劳及蠕变性能,可应用于木结构工程。     

云杉胶合木钢板斜螺钉连接的剪切性能研究

为准确评价斜螺钉连接钢 木节点的剪切性能,探明其受力机理,以云杉胶合木、钢板和自攻螺钉作为研究材料,测试不同荷载方向与受力情况下斜螺钉连接节点的承载性能,将试验数据与国外规范中的计算模型进行对比,提高了侧边钢板 胶合木(钢 木)斜螺钉连接节点承载性能的预测能力。结果表明:自攻螺钉与剪切面之间的角度变化对其在钢 木节点承受剪 压复合应力的承载力影响不明显,当偏转为剪 拉复合应力时,节点承载力明显增大,并在30°~45°获得最大值;剪 压复合应力时,现行EC5公式计算剪 压节点的极限承载力非常不安全;EC5的刚度预测结果在剪 压复合应力区和垂直剪切面钉入时,与试验值吻合度很高,但对剪 拉区节点的滑移模量没有预测性;将Tomasi模型应用于斜螺钉连接钢 木节点滑移模量理论计算时,在45°~90°时与试验值吻合度极高。单颗自攻螺钉的抗拔刚度计算节点滑移模量的方法极为有效,具有较高的借鉴意义。     

焊钉连接件直径对钢-HSSFC界面受剪性能的影响

为研究大直径焊钉连接件在高强钢纤维混凝土(HSSFC)中的力学性能,制作了4组共12个焊钉连接件进行推出试验,得到了不同直径焊钉连接件在HSSFC中的破坏形态、抗剪承载力和极限滑移量,并对规范承载力公式进行了修正。结果表明:对于16和19 mm的小直径焊钉连接件,破坏形式以焊钉剪断为主;对于22和25mm的大直径焊钉连接件,破坏形式以焊缝破坏为主;与普通混凝土推出试件相比,采用HSSFC时,焊钉连接件的承载力有一定的提高;随着焊钉直径的增大,推出试件的抗剪刚度有较大的提高,极限滑移量则明显减小。对既有规范给定的焊钉连接件承载力计算公式进行了修正,修正后的公式与试验值吻合较好,与收集到的92个采用不同类型混凝土、不同强度等级(C60~C100)、不同焊钉直径(16~30 mm)的推出试件试验值均较为吻合,表明该修正公式适用范围较广,可作为钢-HSSFC大直径焊钉剪力键的设计参考。     

胶合木T梁负弯曲性能试验研究

【目的】探讨胶合木T梁的负弯曲性能,观察极限状态下构件的破坏形式,解析极限状态下构件的破坏机理,推导极限承载能力计算模型,以期为工程实际应用提供理论参考依据。【方法】采用跨中荷载试验与理论计算对比方式进行研究,实测分析了两组试件的应变、挠度、抗弯刚度、极限承载力及延性结果,观察分析了胶合木梁的破坏形态与破坏机理,基于Rammer剪切强度公式将弯剪强度理论值和试验值进行了对比。用兴安落叶松作为原材料,以剪跨比、跨高比为参数,设计制作2组即A组3根(高跨比1/12,剪跨比5.2)、B组3根(高跨比1/14,剪跨比6.1),共计6根平行胶合木T梁试件。将T梁反转成倒T梁,在两端简支条件下跨中加载产生正弯矩,使肋板受压、翼板受拉,模拟连续T梁跨中支承截面的受力性能。【结果】1)两组构件整体工作性能良好,受弯时极限破坏形态均为中部顺纹剪切破坏。2)两组构件相比,B组较于A组试件,屈服荷载降低9.7%,跨中屈服位移提高27.5%,极限抗弯承载力降低10.4%,跨中极限位移提高42.7%,抗弯刚度降低36%,延性系数提高22.4%。3)两组构件的荷载应变曲线在达到屈服点之前呈比例关系,满足平截面假定。4)受剪力滞效应影响,两组构件的跨中截面翼缘板正应力横向分布不均匀,呈现随距离肋板中心位置越远而越小的关系,最大差值比率达30%。5)构建了弯剪承载力计算模型,理论值与试验值最大相差3.1%,匹配度较高。【结论】总结了胶合木连续T梁在跨中支承截面的受力变形规律,揭示了其破坏机理,构建了极限弯剪承载力计算模型,经验证,具有一定的可靠性。     

日本柳杉木构件内嵌钢填板销连接横纹承载性能

【目的】研究日本柳杉木构件内嵌钢填板销连接在横纹荷载作用下的破坏机制和承载性能,为木结构梁、柱构件金属件连接时梁端销连接设计提供依据。【方法】在梁端部开槽钻孔后将单个钢销连接到内嵌钢填板,分别对日本柳杉锯材梁和胶合木梁进行横纹荷载作用下的弯曲剪切加载试验,按照日本通行数据分析方法确定销连接短期承载力标准值,并与5个不同国家标准规定的屈服荷载计算值进行比较。【结果】加载初期,荷载-位移曲线呈线性关系,构件处于线弹性阶段,随着位移增加曲线呈非线性,构件进入弹塑性阶段,当位移增加到一定数值,梁端出现初始脆性开裂,荷载瞬间急速减小,随后荷载又随位移增加再次上升,加载至极限状态时,梁构件产生劈裂破坏丧失承载力;最终的破坏形态为梁构件沿销孔水平剪切面开裂、销连接屈服模式Ⅲ型;通过足尺试验得到断面尺寸120 mm×240 mm锯材梁和胶合木梁的钢填板单个销连接短期承载力标准值取决于屈服荷载,分别为8.6和13.7 k N,初始开裂对应的荷载平均值分别为15.0和21.1 k N,屈服荷载平均值分别为14.50和15.00 k N,最大荷载平均值分别为27.0和30.8 k N。【结论】胶合木梁钢填板销连接的最大荷载和屈服荷载平均值均大于锯材梁,且变异系数明显小于锯材梁,含水率低而变异小,从而导致试验获得胶合木梁销连接的短期承载力标准值明显高于锯材梁,当销连接作为中小断面梁柱构件的主要连接方式时,宜选用强度等级确定、质量合格的胶合木作为木构件,比锯材具有更高的连接承载力。梁端销连接节点承载力与单个销连接承载力和销数量具有良好的相关性,可作为梁柱节点梁端销连接设计依据。销连接部位发生销屈服后木材开裂,初始开裂取决于木材抗剪强度、横纹抗拉强度和销所在的梁高部位以及销孔到梁端的距离,发生初始开裂后钢销仍能起到支撑作用,连接节点延性较好;锯材梁和胶合木梁短期承载力标准值与标准中规定的屈服荷载公式计算值吻合度较好。各国标准中关于脆性破坏计算公式均能较好预测销连接木材的脆性破坏,与试验值比较,日本标准对于劈裂破坏的计算值最为接近,欧洲和加拿大标准的计算结果更趋于保守,我国现行标准在销连接设计中尚未考虑木材的脆性破坏,今后应进一步研究完善销连接计算公式和参数,更好地保证木构件连接安全可靠度。     

长期荷载作用对钢-竹组合箱形柱力学性能的影响

为研究长期荷载作用对钢-竹组合箱形柱力学性能的影响规律,以长期荷载水平、截面尺寸、有无螺钉为参数设计制作了9根钢-竹组合箱形短柱试件,其中6根为长期试件,施加长期荷载后实施二次轴心受压破坏试验,其余3根作为对比用的短期试件,直接进行一次轴心受压破坏试验。对比分析长期试件和短期试件的破坏过程、破坏形态、破坏特征,探讨长期荷载作用后的钢-竹组合箱形短柱的荷载-应变关系、极限承载力、构件延性等力学性能的变化规律。结果表明:长期荷载水平对试件极限承载力和延性系数有一定的影响,但对屈服承载力的影响不明显;增大截面尺寸,试件屈服荷载提高,极限承载力和延性系数降低;螺钉可以提高试件延性系数而对承载力影响不明显;长期荷载作用后试件极限承载力和延性均有一定的衰减,但极限承载力仍高于1.5倍的屈服承载力、延性系数大于2.0,说明长期荷载作用后,钢-竹组合箱形柱仍具有良好的强度贮备和延性性能,能够作为长期受力构件用于实际工程结构。     

利用土钉支护技术处理深基坑的护壁问题

深基坑逐层开挖,逐层在边坡以较密排列打入土钉钢筋,强化坑边坡土体的受力,并在坡面上设钢筋网,分层喷射混凝土,这就是深基坑支护中的土钉支护方法。这种方法与锚杆支护、加筋比较,具有独特的优点。     

Effects of water soaking and outdoor exposure on nail joint properties of particleboard

Phenol-formaldehyde resin-bonded particleboard (PF board) and isocyanate resin-bonded particleboard (MDI board) were soaked in water at 40, 70 and 100 °C, and the relationships between soaking conditions and nail joint properties were analyzed. The soaking time to reach the lower limit of nail-head pull-through (NHPT) of the PF board was 2 h at 100 °C, while it took 168 h at 70 °C. The soaking time to reach the lower limit of lateral nail resistance (LNR) of the PF board was 24 h at 100 °C, but it did not take 168 h at 70 °C to reach it. The lower limits of NHPT and LNR for the MDI board were higher than those for the PF board. For the PF board, there was a high correlation between modulus of rupture, internal bond strength and nail joint properties. Based on the results of water soaking and outdoor exposure, it was shown that thickness change has a significant effect on NHPT and LNR, and that the reduction in NHPT and LNR results from the collapse of bonding points owing to swelling of the board.     

Withdrawal strength of nailed joints with decay degradation of wood and nail corrosion

Nailed timber joints are widely used in timber structures, and their deterioration may cause significant damage. We investigated the withdrawal strength of joints using steel wire nails in specimens exposed to a brown-rot fungus. We also examined the effects of nail corrosion on withdrawal strength, because high humidity conditions accelerate not only wood decay but also the corrosion of nails. We found that nail corrosion increased the withdrawal strength. The ratios of withdrawal strength of nailed joints with rusted nails to that of joints with a minimally rusted nails were 1.47 and 1.56 in joints nailed in radial and tangential directions to annual rings, respectively. Withdrawal strength, excluding the effects of nail corrosion, had a negative correlation with mass loss and Pilodyn-pin-penetration-depth-ratio. We estimated the withdrawal strength of the nailed joint with decayed wood and rusted nails by multiplying the values from the empirical formula (obtained from mass loss and Pilodyn-pin-penetration-depth-ratio) by 1.47 and 1.56 for joints nailed in radial and tangential direction to annual rings, respectively.     

木结构连接用圆钉性能研究

钉连接是木结构中常用的一种连接方式，圆钉是木结构钉连接的主要材料，本文对国内和美国不同厂家生产的圆钉力学性能和尺寸进行了检测。试验证明，国产圆钉与进口圆钉的尺寸及力学性能相近，国产圆钉可以代替进口圆钉用于现代木结构建造中。     

Electrochemical in situ impregnation of wood using a copper nail as source for copper

A new method for copper impregnation of wood in structures was suggested and tested in laboratory scale with specimen of new pine sapwood. A copper nail and a steel screw were placed in the wood, and an electric direct current field was applied, so the copper nail was anode and the screw was cathode. At the anode, copper ions were generated. The copper ions were transported into the wood by electromigration (movement of ions in an applied electric field) towards the cathode, and a volume between the two electrodes was thereby impregnated. Copper also moved to a lesser degree in the opposite direction, probably due to capillary effects, and a smaller volume behind the anode was impregnated as well. The impregnation perpendicular to the grain was limited compared to the one along the grain. The highest Cu concentrations were obtained close to the anode.     

Yield load prediction of nailed timber joints using nail diameter and timber specific gravity

Prediction of yield load has nowadays been accepted as the basis for the limit state method of the design. Currently, there are many methods to predict the yield load of timber joints. These methods, i.e Foschi, Johansen, Smith and US 5% nail diameter offset, are reviewed in-depth in this paper. In this study, the authors presented a new approach which, hopefully, is simpler than the existing methods. The paper outlines the works carried out to arrive at the formula. About 300 Malaysian timber nailed joints were fabricated and tested to obtain the relationship between yield load and maximum load and to propose a new method to predict the yield load of a nailed joint. There seems to be a direct relationship between the yield load and the maximum load. From this relationship, a new formula, which depends only on nail diameter and specific gravity, was established.     

Effects of density profile of MDF on stiffness and strength of nailed joints

Nail-head pull-through, lateral nail resistance, and single shear nailed joint tests were conducted on medium density fiberboard (MDF) with different density profiles, and the relations between the results of these tests and the density profiles of MDF were investigated. The maximum load of nail-head pull-through and the maximum load of nailed joints were little affected by the density profile. However, the ultimate strength of lateral nail resistance, the stiffness, and the yield strength of nailed joints were affected by the density profile of MDF and showed high values when the surface layer of the MDF had high density. It is known that bending performance is also influenced by density profile. Therefore, the stiffness and the yield strength of nailed joints were compared with the bending performance of MDF. The stiffness of nailed joints was positively correlated with the modulus of elasticity (MOE); in the case of CN65 nails, the initial stiffness of joints changed little in response to changes in MOE. The yield strength of nailed joints had a high positive correlation with the modulus of rupture (MOR). The stiffness and the yield strength of nailed joints showed linear relationships with MOE and MOR, respectively.     

轻型木结构用规格材握钉性能试验及钉连接承载性能评价方法

通过作者掌握的有关技术资料和标准,简述了轻型木结构用规格材的握钉性能及钉连接承载力评价方法,并对相关标准的试验评价方法进行比较。     

木节对齿板连接板齿承载力的影响

选用北美二级带节SPF规格材和国产齿板,在荷载平行于木纹及齿板主轴(一字型试件)和垂直于木纹但平行于齿板主轴(丁字型试件)两种条件下,测试齿板连接受拉时板齿的承载力,分析木材活节和死节对板齿承载力的影响.研究表明,活节对板齿承载力有提高作用;在无效齿数量比例大于11％时,死节会降低一字型试件的板齿承载力;而无效齿比例超过15％时,死节丁字型试件的板齿承载力亦降低.