广西胶合板产业发展现状,面临的问题及对策研究

简述了广西胶合板产业五十年来的发展状况,指出广西胶合板产业近五年来高速发展的同时还存在设备落后、产品品质不高和企业粗放式生产管理等问题,为此提出采取改造更新设备,加强产品质量监管,发展胶合板产业集群,增强科研投入等措施大力发展胶合板产业。     

我国胶合板产业的发展建议

介绍我国胶合板产业发展历程、产量及特点,分析我国胶合板出口面对的贸易壁垒,指出当前发展存在的问题,基于生产企业素质、加工设备和工艺及市场对胶合板产品的质量要求等方面,提出我国胶合板产业发展建议。     

国产胶合板生产形势严峻

随着我国经济的高速发展，胶合板工业已成为林产工业发展的龙头产业之一，但由于天保工程实施，木材资源锐减，材质下降，国内生产胶合板成本增加，规格单一，形成产品积压；另一方面需要大量进口，以满足消费者需求。现在，即使在关税保护下，国产胶合板仍难同进口胶合板竞争，加入ＷＴＯ后，国产胶合板生产形势更加严峻。国产胶合板生产形势严峻     

中林南星：细节管理凸品质要求

自80年代末发展起来的南浔建材市场，已成为我国最大的胶合板集散中心，也培育发展了当地一批胶合板企业。经过十几年的洗礼，伴随市场需求的变化及产业的调整，胶合板产业在市场的优胜劣汰的竞争中发生了变革：部分企业转型生产地板或其他相关产业，部分企业在市场竞争中淘汰出局……     

广西胶合板谋划大发展

胶合板成为发展最快产业进入新世纪,国家把广西壮族自治区列入全国重点速丰林基地建设省(区)。广西利用这一机遇加快胶合板产业发展,短短几年,全区胶合板产业从小到大,迅速崛起,目前生产企业已由2000年的39家发展到约400家,增长了10倍。容县是广西胶合板企业密集县,目前已成为全国最大的异型胶合板生产基地。据介绍,容县是林业大县,速丰林面积达     

学习《规划》,推进我国胶合板生产设备国际领先水平建设

通过学习《林业产业振兴规划》,结合山东百圣源集团有限公司2008年以来开展的系列创新工作,对公司＂立足自己研发技术、自主创新、推进我国胶合板生产设备国际领先水平建设＂有了更深刻的感受和认识。指出：＂推进我国胶合板生产设备国际领先水平建设＂是一项发展战略,创新团队建设是基础,完善创新组织体系是根本,实施知识产权战略是重要手段。     

用马尾松小径材生产胶合板应注意的几个问题

本文根据南方胶合板生产用材马尾松径级逐渐减小的特点，对利用马尾松小径材生产胶合板生产工艺技术及设备选择等问题进行了探讨。     

中国浸渍胶膜纸饰面胶合板/细木工板市场前景分析

简要介绍了中国浸渍胶膜纸饰面胶合板/细木工板(生态板)产业的发展历程、生产企业现状、原料供应现状和产业分布现状,在此基础上,分析了中国浸渍胶膜纸饰面胶合板/细木工板(生态板)的市场前景。     

胶合板市场抽检结果及其质量分析

本文就合肥、蚌埠等６个县市胶合板市场抽检结果进行质量分析。抽检结果为：抽检Ⅱ类胶合板１２３张，物理力学指标合格率为１７．８９％。造成胶合板合格率低的主要原因是：大部分中、小胶合板企业生产设备落后，工艺控制不严，生产过程中单板含水率过高，杨木边、芯材单板混杂使用，单板涂胶不均匀及表、芯板树种搭配不当等。     

橡胶木胶合板的生产工艺特点与设备：介绍芬兰劳特公司橡胶木胶合板设备

橡胶木胶合板的生产工艺特点与设备──介绍芬兰劳特公司橡胶木胶合板设备橡胶木是木材加工工业安全的原材料资源，为保证两种可再生资源──天然橡胶和木材原料的连续生产，橡胶树到一定树龄必须更新。橡胶木完全适合于单板旋切、制材及刨花板和中密度纤维板的生产。作为...     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.