斑嘴环企鹅人工孵化和育雏技术

为提高斑嘴环企鹅(Spheniscus demersus)的孵化率和成活率，选取上海动物园园内、繁殖场的4对斑嘴环企鹅的种卵进行人工孵化和育雏研究。结果显示：斑嘴环企鹅受精卵在孵化箱(温度36.3～36.8℃,相对湿度55%～65%)内孵化，孵化周期为39～42 d,出雏率达100%,刚出生的雏鸟体重为60.0～70.8 g; 40日龄前，饲喂与亲鸟嗉囊内半消化食物相近的自制鱼浆，40日龄雏鸟体重可达500 g左右；40～59日龄，饲喂鱼浆和整条小黄鱼；60日龄开始，仅饲喂整条小黄鱼；90日龄幼鸟可自主采食；203日龄幼鸟体重达2 500 g左右。结果表明：上海动物园斑嘴环企鹅的人工孵化和育雏技术已经相对成熟，可为斑嘴环企鹅繁育工作提供参考。     

养殖百科

南非企鹅蛋 中国人工孵 去南非观光旅游的沙先生在沙滩上发现有个当地人赶走正在孵蛋的企鹅并捡起两枚企鹅蛋转身即走。沙先生立即出钱买下了这两枚企鹅蛋,并将其带回了北京。经大连圣亚海洋股份有限公司的企鹅专家鉴定,初步证实这两枚蛋均为受精蛋,并极有可能通过人工孵化的方式孵化出企鹅。(摘自《北京晚报》)     

人工圈养斑嘴环企鹅饲养管理和疾病预防

以上海动物园繁殖场饲养的15只斑嘴环企鹅为研究对象,探讨了斑嘴环企鹅在人工圈养条件下的饲养管理和疾病预防关键技术。结果表明,种类丰富、营养均衡的日粮有利于斑嘴环企鹅的饲养,日常的消毒措施有利于预防斑嘴环企鹅疾病的发生,良好的饲养管理和疾病防治是斑嘴环企鹅种群得以延续的保障。     

斑嘴环企鹅人工繁育初探

正斑嘴环企鹅(Spheniscus demersus)又名非洲企鹅,被列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)附录II,分布于非洲的南端海边,其叫声似驴与分布于南美洲秘鲁一带的洪氏环企鹅十分相似,但其体型小于洪氏环企鹅,并且在其喙的前端有一圈白色圆环,故称之为斑嘴环企鹅[1~3]。国内多家动物园都有饲养斑嘴环企鹅,尤其上海动物园在斑嘴环企鹅的繁殖方面做得非常成功,南昌市动物     

卵重和卵形指数对圈养斑嘴环企鹅人工孵化效果的研究

为探讨上海动物园斑嘴环企鹅(Spheniscus demersus)卵重和卵形指数对种卵人工孵化性能的影响,选取园内和繁殖场共计80枚种卵,通过测量卵重、卵长径和卵短径,将园内和繁殖场卵重和卵形指数分别划分为4组和5组,在相同条件下孵化,统计分析卵重和卵形指数对斑嘴环企鹅种卵受精率和受精卵孵化率的影响。结果表明:园内组NW4组斑嘴环企鹅卵重为108.0～112.0 g,种卵受精率和受精卵孵化率分别达到66.67%和60.00%,为园内组受精率最高的组别,与园内组其他组别均存在显著差异(P<0.05);繁殖场组FW5组卵重为111.0～116.0 g,种卵受精率和受精卵孵化率分别达到58.33%和71.43%,为繁殖场组受精率最高的组别,与其他组别均存在显著差异(P<0.05);园内组NS4组斑嘴环企鹅的卵形指数为1.353～1.364,受精率和孵化率分别达到78.57%和63.63%;繁殖场组FS5组卵形指数为1.453～1.465,受精率和孵化率分别达到66.67%和62.50%。因此,可以选择上述卵重和卵形指数区间分别作为园内和繁殖场斑嘴环企鹅的人工孵化参考指标。     

浅谈斑嘴环企鹅的人工饲养与管理

正斑嘴环企鹅(学名:Phenisau demersus),又叫非洲企鹅,分布于非洲的南端海边。其叫声似驴,体重约2.8kg,体长约0.45m。[1]南昌动物园2007年4月底从上海动物园引进6只成年斑嘴环企鹅,经过精心饲养于2008年下半年开始产卵,并尝试繁殖,由于这一新增项目的经验不足以及设备等客观原因暂未取得成功,但获得一定的饲养管理经验,现总结如下。1企鹅的基本情况     

育雏鸭人工给温三法

<正>温度是育雏鸭成败的关键。雏鸭出壳后御寒能力较差,因此育雏初期需要一个稍高的温度环境才能保证雏鸭正常生长发育。雏鸭出壳后1~3日龄的温度,应稳定在26~28℃之间,因此必须人工给温,然后根据雏鸭生长情况每日龄降温1~2℃。现介绍育雏鸭人工给温的三个方法,各地可根据当地实际情况,充分利用本地资源,采用比较简便、节能的加     

进境企鹅检出新城疫抗体

某公司从新加坡进口的4羽斑嘴环企鹅经采血取血清，用血凝抑制试验检测新城疫（ND）抗体,结果发现其血清的新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价依次为1：2^8、1：2^8、1：2^7和1：2^7。当我们采集企鹅的脑髓、肝、血液和脾，用9日龄的SPF鸡胚进行病毒分离鉴定，未分离到新城疫病毒。但是根据检疫法我们对这批企鹅进行了销毁处理。     

育雏鸭人工给温三法

温度是育雏鸭成败的关键。由于雏鸭出壳后御寒能力较差，因此育雏初期需要一个稍高的温度环境才能保证雏鸭正常的生长发育。雏鸭出壳后1～3日龄的温度应该稳定在26～28℃之间，因此必须人工给温。然后根据雏鸭的生长情况每日龄降1-2℃。     

养好七彩山鸡的技巧

<正>(一)精心育雏育雏是指对1～30日龄雏鸡的培育。刚出壳的雏鸡,没有独立生活能力,全靠人工培育。1.注意保温。适宜的温度是山鸡育雏成败的首要条件。雏鸡由     

Early heat acclimation during incubation improves Japanese quail performance under summer conditions

Effects of exposing quail eggs to high temperature on the heat tolerance ability and productivity of birds were investigated. Four groups of 600 fertile eggs were randomly selected; the first group was incubated under 37.5 °C and the hatched chicks were reared under a gradual decrease in temperature from 35 to 24 °C (Control). The second group was exposed to 39.1 °C for 2 h/day during 4–14 days of embryogenesis and the hatched chicks were reared under a gradual decrease in temperature from 35 to 24 °C. The third group was incubated under 37.5 °C and the hatched chicks were exposed to 39?±?1 °C for 2 h/day during 4–14 days of age. The fourth group was exposed to 39?±?1 °C for 2 h during 4–14 days of embryogenesis and the hatched chicks were exposed to 39?±?1 °C for 2 h/day during 4–14 days of age. The temperature applied changed (P?<?0.01) embryo weight and incubation period. Birds exposed to high temperature during brooding had superior growth performance, dressed carcass, body temperature and health traits. Birds subjected to 39?±?1 °C during brooding exhibited decreased feed consumption and body weight gain. Finally, this work suggests that thermal acclimation during embryogenesis might offer a practical method for easing heat stress.

     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

Effect of egg storage upon the survival of Campylobacter jejuni in laboratory-infected fertile poultry eggs

Fertile eggs were infected by Campylobacter jejuni in the laboratory by a temperature differential method of inoculation, which resulted in up to 10% of the hatched birds carrying C. jejuni in the intestine. When infected eggs were stored for 5 1/2 days before incubation, the infection rate of the eggs had decreased to 20% or less when set, and no infected chicks were hatched. Inoculation of eggs after 8 days in storage also failed to yield infected chicks. In all cases, the hatch ratio was no different from that of uninfected control eggs.     

Parental Nutrition and Chick Production in Captive Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus L. Lagopus)

The breeding performance of captive willow ptarmigan on different diets has been studied. The nutritional factors tested were protein concentration, natural feed supplement and grass meal and flavonoid admixture, and effects on egg numbers, fertility, hatchability, chick weights at hatching and 0–14 days mortality have been recorded.The breeding performance of ptarmigan hen in captivity showed great individual variations. Egg numbers were not statistically different in groups fed the different diets. Hens fed a 15 % crude protein died tended to produce smaller chicks with significantly lower viability than chicks from hens fed a 20 % crude protein diet. Supplement of natural feed tended to increase the number of chicks hatched through a combination of tendency to higher egg numbers and improved fertility. These tendencies were, however, statistically nonsignificant. Inclusion of 34 % grass meal to the diet also tended (non-significantly) to improve fertility and hatchability, while inclusion of flavonoids had no positive effect on reproduction.Eggs from captive hens showed significantly lower fertility, and a tendency to lower hatchability than eggs from wild hens. The former difference was probably caused by the close cage confinements for the captive ptarmigan, while the latter condition probably was due to different start of incubation, most of the eggs from wild hens being started naturally.     

Sexual dimorphism in the weight of chicks.

1. Male chicks hatched from eggs heavier than 60 g weighed more (P less than 0-05) than female chicks from eggs of similar weight. 2. The weight of the residual yolk was similar in both sexes. 3. It is concluded that male embryos are better able to utilise the energy supplies in the egg, particularly after the 18th day of incubation.     

Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viral infection of newly hatched chickens and embryonating eggs.

Fewer than 25% of 12-hour-old chicks died after subcutaneous inoculation of 5 strains or intracranial inoculation of 3 strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Mortality of embryonating chicken eggs inoculated by the allantoic route decreased from approximately 75% to 35% between 9 and 18 days of incubation, although all 18-day-old embryos died after intraembryonic inoculation. Thus, neither newly hatched chicks nor chicken embryos (unless inoculated intraembryonically) would be of value in safety testing inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viral vaccines.     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸（IMP）来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组（对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮＋0.5%肌苷酸）,每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;蛋形指数显著升高（P<0.05）,蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低（P<0.05）;受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高（P<0.05）,健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

赤麻鸭（Tadorna ferruginea）的人工孵化初探

2011年4—5月,对徐州金桥禽业发展有限公司养殖的赤麻鸭所产的44枚卵进行了人工孵化研究。其中43枚卵受精,出雏35枚,4枚在孵化中期死胚,5枚为27d落盘后啄壳困难而死亡,受精卵的孵化率为81．40％。孵化温度前期为38．5℃;中期为38．2℃;后期为37．8℃,落盘后温度降为37．5℃。赤麻鸭卵鲜重为（79．80±6．72）g,长径为（66．10±2．53）mnq,短径为（46．40±1．45）／mm,卵形指数为1．43±0．06,出雏后的卵壳等剩余物质重（12．60±1．07）g,新生雏鸟重占鲜卵重的（67．20±3．71）％。卵总失重率为17％。孵化期间的卵重（Y）与孵化天数（x）之间的线性方程为Y=一0．9071x＋81．019（R2=0．9997,P〈0．01）,根据卵失重方程可以比较准确地推算出赤麻鸭卵的孵化天数。     

Formaldehyde Vapour Effects in Chicken Embryo

A total of 763 fertile chicken eggs were divided in two groups. The eggs of the first group were manipulated intact. The shell of each egg of the second group was drilled at the air chamber position. The eggs of both groups were divided in 6 subgroups and they were placed in an automatic incubator. Between the second and the fourth day of incubation each subgroup of eggs was moved to another incubator saturated with formaldehyde vapour, and it was exposed for a certain time. The hatched chicks were examined, measured, and processed, in order to search for any external, visceral, and skeletal malformation. Although the chicks of the first group did not show any particular abnormalities after their exposure to formaldehyde vapours, those of the second group were found to be affected in a rate of about 29:100. The observed embryotoxic effects of the hatched chicks of the second group were mainly early and late prenatal deaths, extensive and limited congenital anomalies as well as reduction deformities.     

笼养东方白鹳繁殖育幼行为的初步研究

2002年天津动物园东方白鹳自然孵化与育雏首次获得成功。采用目标动物取样法对1对笼养条件下东方白鹳繁殖期筑巢、交配、产卵、孵化和育雏等行为进行了研究,研究结果表明东方白鹳的交配行为多发生在环境安静的早晨和傍晚;亲鸟自然孵化时,每天凉卵次数、时间并不固定,根据外界气温而随时改变;雌雄亲鸟共同承担哺育、护理幼雏的责任,但2个亲鸟不同时喂食,以雌鸟为主;整个孵化期和育雏期亲鸟都有护巢、恋巢和补巢的行为,但补巢以雄鸟为主。