影响波尔山羊精液低温保存效果的因素

从稀释液的组分、抗生素种类、抗氧化成分的添加等方面探讨影响波尔山羊精液保存效果的因素 ,为研究波尔山羊精液稀释液配方提供试验依据。实验结果表明 ,卵黄的加入不利于精液的保存。在稀释液中添加 5 0 μg/ml恩诺沙星比添加诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、菌特灵与青、链霉素对精液保存的效果好。此外 ,在稀释液中添加抗氧化剂褪黑激素和SOD ,可延长精子存活时间     

不同稀释液对猪精液常温保存效果的研究

主要从稀释液的组分、抗生素的种类以及抗氧化剂的添加来研究猪精液常温保存的稀释液配方。结果表明：含有一定量的牛血清白蛋白有利于猪精液的保存。通过恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、菌特灵与青、链霉素对精液保存效果的比较，得出添加50μg/mol恩诺沙星的保存效果优于其它药剂。不同浓度的褪黑激素对精液保存有一定的影响，10^-5mol/L的褪黑激素可延长精子的存活时间。     

不同稀释液对猪精液常温保存效果的研究

主要从稀释液的组分，抗生素的种类以及抗氧化剂的添加来研究猪精液常温保存的稀释液配方，结果表明，含有一定量的牛血清白蛋白有利于猪精液的保存，通过恩诺沙星，氧氟沙星，庆大霉素，菌特灵与青，链霉素对精液保存效果的比较，表明添加50μg/mL的恩诺沙星的保存效果优于其它抗生素，不同浓度的褪黑激素对精液保存有一定的影响，10^-5mol/L的褪黑激素可延长精子的存活时间。     

猪精液常温保存效果观察

为研究不同保存条件对猪精液常温保存效果的影响,观察精子的活力和有效保存时间之间的关系,采用常温下对精液添加抗生素、不同精液稀释比例、光照、振荡、混入尿液等,每隔12 h 显微镜检测一次精子活力的方法,以筛选常温下猪精液保存方式。结果显示,在精液保存过程中加入抗生素时,精液有效保存时间和精子活力明显高于未加抗菌药物的稀释液,其中加入庆大霉素的保存效果最好;精液稀释比例为1∶1～1∶2时保存效果最好;光照及剧烈振荡条件下,精液活力下降很快;混入尿液很容易使精子死亡。上述研究结果表明,常温下猪精液的理想保存方式是,在保证精子密度的前提下,精液与稀释液比例为1∶1～1∶2;同时在精液稀释液中添加广谱抗生素;保存过程中应避免光照、振荡、尿液污染等的影响。     

恩诺沙星对17℃负压环境下猪精子保存效果的影响

为研究猪精子在17℃负压环境下保存时不同浓度恩诺沙星对精子质量的影响,并探讨恩诺沙星的最适添加浓度,试验在Modena基础稀释液中添加不同浓度恩诺沙星并在17℃负压环境下保存猪精液,利用迈朗全自动精子质量检测仪等检查猪精子活率、路径速度、直线速度和畸形率。结果表明:恩诺沙星浓度为50μg/L时,精子活率、路径速度、直线速度和畸形率都显著高于其他浓度(P0. 05)。说明50μg/L的恩诺沙星有利于17℃负压环境下猪精液的保存。     

维生素类物质对民猪精子常温保存效果的影响

为了提高民猪精液常温保存效果,为民猪资源保护和利用提供技术保障,试验在含有民猪精液的常温稀释液中分别添加维生素C、维生素B12和水溶性维生素E,在17℃条件下保存0~6 d,测定精子的活率和质膜完整性,以评估该稀释液对民猪精液的保存效果。结果表明:与对照组比较,添加维生素类物质能够明显延长精子保存时间和提高质膜完整性,其中添加维生素E的保存效果最好,民猪精液在保存5 d后精子活率为50.8%,其质膜完整性为26.2%,仍可用于生产。说明在民猪精液的常温稀释液中添加维生素E能够延长精液保存时间,提高精子质量。     

原花青素对猪精液常温保存效果的影响

为探究常温保存稀释液中添加原花青素(OPC)对猪精液保存效果的影响,本实验在经典猪精液稀释液BTS中添加0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70μg/mL OPC,检测17℃保存过程中猪精子活率、质膜和顶体完整性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及精液丙二醛(MDA)含量等指标。结果表明:在经典猪精液稀释液BTS中添加OPC,随着添加浓度的增大,其对精子的保护作用呈先上升后下降的趋势,且添加浓度达50μg/mL时,效果最佳,可显著提高常温保存过程中猪精子活率、质膜和顶体完整率(P0.05);当保存至第5天时,精子活率仍为61.63%、质膜完整率为41.88%、顶体完整率为75.88%、T-AOC浓度为1.43 U/mL、MDA含量为2.37 nmol/mL。因此,在经典猪精液稀释液BTS中添加50μg/mLOPC能够提高猪精液常温保存效果,延长精液保存时间。     

稀释液中添加SOD对猪精液常温保存效果的影响

超氧化物歧化酶能够清除氧自由基,防止细胞老化。为了探究常温稀释液中添加不同浓度超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对猪精液常温保存效果的影响,本研究分别在BTS、Modena基础稀释液中添加100、200、300 IU/m L和400 IU/m L的SOD,每隔24 h观察精子活率,并在常温保存3 d后检测精液中过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:Modena稀释液中添加200 IU/m L SOD可显著提高猪精液常温保存的活率,降低精液中MDA和H2O2含量(P0.05),增强精液中SOD活性作用(P0.05),保存4 d后活率为0.657;BTS稀释液中添加300 IU/m L的SOD,可显著提高猪精液常温保存效果,保存4 d后活率为0.653。添加的适量SOD能提高精子的保存效果,SOD过量时反而会对精子产生毒害作用。     

稀释液中添加还原型谷胱甘肽对猪精液液态保存效果的影响

为了研究还原型谷胱甘肽对猪精液液态保存效果的影响,实验通过在稀释液中分别添加不同浓度的还原型谷胱甘肽,研究了它对猪精液液态保存后的精子活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整率、DNA损伤率、体外受精卵裂率及囊胚率等影响。结果表明,向稀释液中添加1 mmol/L,5 mmol/L,10 mmol/L GSH均能显著提高精子保存质量。其中添加1 mmol/L还原型谷胱甘肽效果最好,10 mmol/L效果较差,但大部分指标仍显著高于对照组。证实了稀释液中添加还原型谷胱甘肽有助于提高液态保存猪精液的质量。     

谷氨酰胺对湖羊精液4℃保存效果的影响

为研究湖羊稀释液中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对湖羊精液4℃保存效果的影响,在前期筛选的基础稀释液中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 mg/L的Gln, 4℃条件下保存96 h,每隔24 h检测精子活力、顶体完整率、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量指标。结果显示:添加0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mg/L的Gln可以有效提高4℃保存条件下的精子活力、顶体完整率和T-AOC水平,并有效抑制MDA的生成(P<0.01),且4.0 mg/L添加浓度保存效果最好,而8.0 mg/L的添加浓度则不利于精液保存。提示:在湖羊精液稀释液中添加4.0 mg/L Gln可有效提高湖羊精液4℃保存的效果。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …