绿色廊坊

近年来,河北省廊坊市委、市政府坚持树立和落实科学发展观,牢固树立绿色就是生命力、绿色就是竞争力的理念,以"园林式、生态型、现代化"为城市定位,连续六年组织开展了"营造城市森林、造福廊坊人民"社会公益活动,大力推进城市生态建设,精心打造"绿色廊坊"城市品牌。截至2004年7月,市区共植树754万株,其中乔木254万株,新增绿地117万m2,城市绿化覆盖率达到42%,绿地率达到36%,人均公共绿地面积达到11m2,全年空气质量指数二级以上天数达到310天,初步实现了"城在林中,林在城中"的目标。       

打造江北绿色明珠——山东聊城大学校园绿化纪实

聊城大学总面积210万m2,校园绿地面积94万m2,绿地率45%,绿化覆盖率达55%以上。其中,草坪51万m2,树林25万m2,乔木2万余株(树木种类48科,103属,160种),有人工湖3处,水面8万多m2,初步实现了校园品种多样化、生态化、园林化的目标,为创造适宜师生学习、工作和生活的生态型校园打下了良好的基础。曾多次获得"山东省绿化先进单位山东省花园式单位""山东省绿化奖章"等荣誉称号。2008年又获得了国家级最高绿化荣誉称号——全国绿化模范单位",且为山东省高校唯一获得此殊荣的学校。       

干旱半干旱地区城市单位附属绿地绿化结构——以神东矿区为例

调查了神府东胜矿区23个绿地42种8464株树木,并对其绿化结构作了分析。结果表明:(1)神东矿区单位附属绿地42种树木中落叶阔叶乔木树种20种,常绿针叶树6种,花灌木16种,树种以新疆杨、垂柳、国槐、圆柏和玫瑰、紫丁香为主,种类和株数最多的样地是上湾煤矿;(2)神东矿区绿地以小树为主,树高小于10m的树占67.92%,胸径小于10cm的占52.86%;(3)绿化覆盖率和密度均较低,平均值分别为16.54m2、9.09株/100m2,绿化覆盖率最高的样地是大柳塔煤矿居住区,上湾小学绿地密度最大,为36.27株/100m2,神东公司等单位的生活小区绿地密度普遍不高(4)树种整体生长良好,平均健康等级为0.82,神东公司等单位的生活小区绿地树木生长较机关单位绿地差;(5)单位面积绿地绿量较小,平均值只有10.91m2/m2,且机关单位绿量较职工生活区大,其中上湾小学最大,为206.84m2/m2。       

城市工业新区道路沿线景观设计——以杭州经济技术开发区前进工业园区梅林大道沿线景观设计为例

以杭州经济技术开发区前进工业园区梅林大道沿线景观设计为例,探讨如何根据新区特点以及道路本身在城市中的定位,结合视觉研究进行科学景观设计。       

深圳梅林山公园自然景观资源及评价

对梅林山公园植被类型、特色植物资源、地质地貌和水体等进行实地考察,结果表明:植被可分为沟谷季雨林、低地常绿季雨林、山地常绿阔叶林、灌草丛和人工林等类型,植物群落多样;植物资源丰富,有大量观赏植物、芳香植物、食用植物和珍稀濒危植物;地质地貌多样,花岗岩石蛋较多,低山、缓坡平地、沟谷和水体景观各具特色;水体景观资源丰富,包括溪流和天然湖。梅林山公园具有较好的利用和开发价值。文章还对梅林山公园今后的规划和管理提出建议。       

芒果

别名:番蒜(台湾),天桃木(广西)。大乔木,株高25m,直径可达80cm,冠幅20m。       

实施三年促变工程构建佛山绿网体系

近年来,佛山市坚持以科学发展观为指导,不断解放思想,转变理念,改革创新,以"三年促变,绿地佛山"战略目标为推动力,勇于创新绿化形式,丰富绿化内容,扩大绿化范围,全力推进道路绿化、城市园林绿化、林业生态建设等工作,开创了佛山绿化工作新局面,迈出了生态文明建设新步伐,营造了城乡绿化新景象,基本上形成了"组团城市,绿脉相通、绿廊环绕、公园棋布"的绿网实施三年促变工程构建佛山绿网体系霍伙周春生佛山林业局佛山528000体系。2007-2009年,全市共投入近26亿元用于林业和绿化建设,组织479.1万人参加植树活动,种植各类树木1 000多万株,营造各类主题林347个,完成山上造林面积6 667hm2,新增或改造绿化面积2 648hm2,人均公共绿地面积达到12.46m2;界定省级生态公益林面积2.74万hm2,规划市级生态公益林面积2万hm2,占林地面积的68.3%;建有国家、省、县级森林公园26个,自然保护区1个。       

城市污泥对华北落叶松幼苗生长的影响

以华北落叶松为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计研究了不同量污泥处理对华北落叶松幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,7.5 kg/m2处理对幼苗生长影响最大,株高和地茎净增量最大,成活率也最高,且幼苗生长旺盛,针叶嫩绿,长势明显优于对照和其他处理。因此,在进行华北落叶松育苗时,可采用7.5 kg/m2城市污泥处理。       

包头市昆都仑区园林绿地防灾避险服务半径分析

包头市昆区园林绿地服务半径为500m时,缓冲区人口密度为47.5m2/人,服务盲区人口密度为18.7m2/人;服务半径为2000m时,缓冲区人口密度为46.9 m2/人,服务盲区面积人口密度为12.5 m2/人。昆区园林绿地以500m服务半径分析得出的服务盲区高达1/3,以2000m的服务半径分析得出的服务盲区为17%,说明服务盲区所占比例较高。昆区可作为中心防灾的公园只有植物园一处,作为固定避难的公园,只有3处,还远达不到防灾要求,今后应加大一些面积较大的公园绿地建设。       

重盐碱低洼地段台田植树效果好

2007年春,笔者在喇化小学校园四周搞了台田植树造林实验,用挖沟机按4m的行距在两行树中间挖上宽1.5m,下宽1m,深0.6m的沟,将挖出的表土放在两沟的中央定植树木的地方,底土放在表土两侧,堆成下底宽2m,上底宽1.5m,高大约0.43m的台体(故称台田)。然后在台体的中线上,按株距2m,挖直径0.5m,深0.6m的定植坑。       

长沙市古树名木资源及其保护对策

据调查,长沙市建档树龄100年以上的古树名木1265株,分属34科54属69种。其中一级古树23株,二级古树51株,三级古树1191株,属最多的科是蝶形花科,有4属。种最多的科是壳斗科,有6种。株数最多的树种是香樟,有438株,其次是枫香,有250株,两者累计占全市古树名木总株数的54.39%。资源最多的是岳麓区,有714株,占全市总株数长沙市古树名木资源及其保护对策的56.44%。利用MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL地理信息系统软件为平台,建立了长沙市古树名木资源动态管理系统,为古树名木的保护奠定了基础。针对存在的问题,提出了全市古树名木的保护对策。       

Radial distribution of carbohydrate reserves in the trunk of declining European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Context

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is considered threatened by anticipated climate change, but the physiological causes of potential beech decline or mortality remains poorly understood.

Aims

The purpose of the present study was to fuel debate about the assumption that carbohydrate depletion is involved in the decline of mature European beech.

Methods

The health status of beech trees from a severely declining stand was visually assessed by examining their crown condition. Content and radial distribution of non-structural carbohydrates (starch and soluble carbohydrate) were analyzed in the trunks and compared to those reported earlier in trunks of healthy beech trees.

Results and discussion

The distribution of carbohydrate in the beech trunks recorded here seemed affected by decline. We found a stronger radial decrease of starch content than those reported earlier for healthy beech trees. Carbohydrate reserves appear partially maintained in the outermost rings while starch depletion occurred in older wood rings in declining trees that may be able to mobilize carbohydrate reserves from older wood rings in response to successive climatic constraints.     

长沙市行道树绿带植物组成及其健康状况调查

对长沙市23条主次干道行道树绿带的植物组成及其健康状况进行调查,结果表明:(1)长沙市行道树绿带常用植物种类约有96种,其中约占总数29%的为高大乔木,且常绿树种的应用比例约为4/5;出现频率超过45%的树种有7种,即香樟、广玉兰、桂花、金叶女贞、红檵木、四季桂等,但香樟、广玉兰、桂花、悬铃木等树种的均匀度相对较低;(2)长沙市行道树绿带中应用的灌木有40余种,山茶、栀子、杜鹃、月季、紫薇等观花灌木较多,特别是山茶所占的比例最大,占所调查全部灌木植物总数的22.5%;(3)长沙市行道树的胸径径级结构分布比较合理,但树高等级上的分布相对不合理,且长沙市行道树绿带中的植物的健康水平总体上属于中等偏上;(4)在长沙市行道树绿带中观花植物种类有20种,观果植物8种,观叶植物11种,观形植物11种,且长沙市城市道路绿化的主色调为绿色,常绿树种和落叶树种之比为4∶1。     

Variability with xylem depth in sap flow in trunks and branches of mature olive trees

Knowledge of sap flow variability in tree trunks is important for up-scaling transpiration from the measuring point to the whole-tree and stand levels. Natural variability in sap flow, both radial and circumferential, was studied in the trunks and branches of mature olive trees (Olea europea L., cv Coratina) by the heat field deformation method using multi-point sensors. Sapwood depth ranged from 22 to 55 mm with greater variability in trunks than in branches. Two asymmetric types of sap flow radial patterns were observed: Type 1, rising to a maximum near the mid-point of the sapwood; and Type 2, falling continuously from a maximum just below cambium to zero at the inner boundary of the sapwood. The Type 1 pattern was recorded more often in branches and smaller trees. Both types of sap flow radial patterns were observed in trunks of the sample trees. Sap flow radial patterns were rather stable during the day, but varied with soil water changes. A decrease in sap flow in the outermost xylem was related to water depletion in the topsoil. We hypothesized that the variations in sap flow radial pattern in a tree trunk reflects a vertical distribution of water uptake that varies with water availability in different soil layers.     

云南木蠹象蛹室在云南松树内的分布

云南木蠹象是我国西南地区新发现的云南松的一种重要蛀干害虫。云南木蠹象蛹室在被害云南松树木上的分布规律,反映了该虫幼虫和蛹在树木上的危害与分布。研究表明,云南木蠹象蛹室主要分布在云南松树木主干的中上部,其蛹室数量占主干蛹室量的76．99％;同时,云南木蠹象蛹室集中于树木主干,主干上的蛹室数占全树蛹室数的70．26％。云南木蠹象蛹室在轮枝上的分布多集中在中上部轮枝,即第1～3轮轮枝。在这些轮枝上的蛹室数目是所有轮枝蛹室数目的87．69％。从生长年龄而言,蛹室主要分布在1～2年生的主干和侧枝上。     

Invasive sequence and ecological niche of main insect borers of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix gmelinii</Emphasis> forest in Aershan,Inner Mongolia

After the outbreak of Dendrolimus superans Buter in 2002, many insect borers quickly invaded larch （Larix gmelinii Rupr.） forests in the Aershan of Inner Mongolia. Methods involved included setting sample plots, collecting adults in iron traps and measuring areas of galleries to study the invasive sequence, their ecological niche and the extent of the different effects by the main insect borers to their hosts. The results showed that the damage of D. superans weakened L. gmelinii, first Ips subelongatus Motschulsky invaded, followed by Acanthocinus carinulatus Gebler, Monochamus urussovi Fisher and M. sutor L. After the outbreak of D. superans, the average density of longhorn beetles per L. gmelinii tree increased. The ecological niche of Ips subelongatus stretches almost from the base to the top of the trunk. The number of insects in older stands of L. gmelinii is larger than those in middle aged stands. They do not damage healthy trees of L. gmelinii. The ecological niche of A. carinulatus is higher in dead L. gmelinii trees than in weak ones. The degree of damage is directly proportional with age and depth of bark. M. urussovi mainly damages trunks below 4 m in weak trees; in dead trees they can do damage up to 6 m in height. M. sutor mainly damages trunks below 5 m in weak L. gmelinii trees; in dead trees they cause damage up to 7 m. Again, the degree of damage is directly proportional with age. None of the three species of longhorn beetles damage healthy L. gmelinii and younger trees. Among the main insect borers, the degree of damage caused by I. subelongatus is more serious than that of other insects.     

长沙市民最喜爱的十大古树

2008年9月,长沙市开展了由市民通过网上投票评选"最喜爱的长沙十大古树"活动1-3,其中入选的有樟树、罗汉松、日本五针松(Pinus parviflora)、银杏等。本次活动对提高全市人民对古树名木保护工作重要性的认识和宣传普及古树文化有重要意义。       

树木风振机理研究综述

概述了近几十年来树木风振模型的发展,提出建立树冠、树干和树根三者结合的整体有限元模型,同时考虑其非线性效应是今后的研究方向,并且还需开展对树冠结构减振效应的量化研究,建立树干风振恢复力模型以及树木风振的随机振动模型.