蛋白酶对大豆蛋白和花生蛋白溶解性的影响

为了改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白和花生粕的溶解性,利用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和Validase FPconcentrate蛋白酶对它们进行限制性水解。结果表明,利用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的最佳水解条件为:温度50℃、pH 8.0、水解时间3 h,底物浓度为10%,酶浓度为0.5%(占底物),在此水解条件下醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的氮溶解性指数(NSI)由4.37%提高到60.34%,水解度为6.37%。利用Validase FP concentrate蛋白酶对花生粕进行水解时的最佳水解条件为:温度50℃、pH 7.0、水解时间4 h,底物浓度10%,酶浓度1%(占底物),在此水解条件下花生粕的氮溶解性指数(NSI)由42.40%提高到87.54%,水解度为12.90%。     

Alcalase2．4L碱性内切蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白的工艺研究

以大豆分离蛋白为研究对象,采用碱性内切蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L作为水解大豆分离蛋白的酶制剂,探讨碱性内切蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L对大豆分离蛋白的影响.本实验以水解度和蛋白质分散性指数为评价指标,确定了Alcalase 2.4L酶解大豆分离蛋白的最佳酶解反应条件:加酶量0.004 8AU/g、pH值为7.4、底物浓度11%、反应温度65℃、酶解时间50min.该条件下大豆分离蛋白的分散性得到显著改善,蛋白质分散指数PDI值达到92.8%.     

Protex7L中性蛋白酶改性大豆分离蛋白的工艺研究

利用中性蛋白酶Protex 7L对大豆分离蛋白进行改性研究,以水解度和蛋白质分散指数为评价指标,确定了中性蛋白酶Protex 7L改性大豆分离蛋白的最佳酶解反应条件:加酶量13.5AU/g大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为10%、pH值为7.0,酶解时间为1h.在上述条件下大豆分离蛋白的分散性得到显著改善,蛋白质分散指数(PDI值)达到91.8%.     

木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆浓缩蛋白实验研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶对大豆浓缩蛋白进行酶水解改性,通过氮溶解指数(NSI)的测定确定水解的有效性。实验表明,木瓜蛋白酶对大豆浓缩蛋白产生了有限水解,对大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性有一定影响。通过L9(34)实验确定了最佳水解条件是:酶浓度为7000u/g、温度为65℃、pH为6·5、反应时间为2h、底物浓度为5·5%。     

酶法制备大豆多肽的研究

本文研究了以Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白制备大豆肽的工艺。确定了酶水解的最佳温度、底物浓度、酶与底物浓度比,得到了Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳水解工艺。     

大豆分离蛋白生产降血压肽酶解技术研究

选用6种蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,根据ACE抑制率高低,最终选择胰蛋白酶为最佳蛋白酶。通过单因素试验和L16(45)正交试验研究底物浓度、水解时间、酶与底物比、温度和pH值对酶解液降血压活性的影响,确定了水解最优条件组合。结果表明:底物浓度5%,水解时间6 h,酶和底物比为0.08,温度为50℃,pH值为8.0时,所得水解液ACE抑制率最高,为76.8%。     

碱性蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂的研究

为解决大豆蛋白胶黏剂相对分子量高、黏度大以及改性剂用量多等问题,需要制备一种由碱性蛋白酶改性的新型大豆蛋白胶黏剂,使其满足室内使用胶合板及胶合制品的要求。本研究以脱脂大豆蛋白粉为主要研究对象,碱性蛋白酶作为改性剂,探究不同酶添加量、pH、酶解温度、酶解时间对大豆蛋白胶黏剂胶合强度的影响,并通过正交试验对其工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：大豆蛋白胶黏剂适宜反应条件为碱性蛋白酶添加量10 000 U·g^-1、pH9.5、酶解温度60℃、酶解时间100 min。改性胶黏剂与未改性的大豆蛋白胶黏剂相比,黏度由2 400 s降低为13 s,胶合强度由0.74 MPa提高为0.98 MPa,符合国家标准GB/T 9846—2004Ⅱ类胶合板要求。试验表明碱性蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂在胶合板生产领域中具有良好的应用前景。     

响应面法优化限制性酶解花生浓缩蛋白制备工艺研究

研究超声波辅助蛋白酶制备限制性酶解花生浓缩蛋白,为扩大花生浓缩蛋白的应用提供理论基础。以限制性酶解花生浓缩蛋白的溶解度和持水性为考察指标,研究了底物浓度、pH值、加酶量、超声波频率、超声波功率、温度和时间对溶解度和持水性的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:底物浓度8.1%、pH值9.0、加酶量12.5μL/g、超声波频率45kHz、超声波功率150w、温度51℃和时间21min。此工艺下溶解度和持水性理论值分别为77.63%和9.77mL/g。验证试验得到的平均溶解度和持水性分别为78.89±0.53%和9.58±0.26mL/g,与理论值分别相差1.62%和1.94%,说明模型与实际情况拟合较好,验证了预测模型的正确性。限制性酶解花生浓缩蛋白具有较好的功能特性和清除自由基、还原力、金属离子螯合力、抑制脂质过氧化等4大类抗氧化活性。     

双酶法制备大豆降胆固醇活性肽的研究

通过比较4种酶对大豆分离蛋白的水解效果,并通过单因素及L9(34)正交试验优化其水解工艺条件,研究其最佳水解工具酶及最佳酶解参数。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶和植物蛋白酶联合应用可作为大豆分离蛋白的水解工具酶;其最佳酶解参数为:酶解温度55℃、初始pH7.0、底物浓度12%、酶添加量8%、植物蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶的质量之比为1∶2,水解度可达14.20%;用双蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,水解度为14.71%的产物降胆固醇活性最高,对胆固醇胶束溶解度的抑制率为61.67%。     

氨处理对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白功能性和结构的影响

以氨做碱性剂通过均质、物化改性、喷雾干燥等手段对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)进行改性,以期获得功能性较好的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白.并研究了氨处理对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的表面疏水性、巯基和二硫键、分子量分布等结构产生的影响.结果表明:加入3 mL的氨水时得到溶解性、凝胶性和乳化性等功能性较好的大豆浓缩蛋白.氨处理对大豆浓缩蛋白的表面疏水性和分子量分布有影响,大豆蛋白的表面疏水性指数,随着加氨量的增加而增加,大豆蛋白中的聚集体随着加氨量的增加而增加,但氨处理对巯基和二硫键影响不大.     

醇法连续提取大豆浓缩蛋白及其副产物综合利用的生产实践

以脱脂低温大豆粕为原料,采用乙醇复式萃取器,双螺杆高湿挤压机挤压脱溶的连续生产工艺制取大豆浓缩蛋白.确定了最佳生产工艺条件.在制取大豆浓缩蛋白的基础上,在乙醇提取液的浓缩物大豆糖蜜中,提取分离具有特殊生理活性的大豆异黄酮、皂甙和低聚糖,生产出具有较高附加值的产品.     

大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉加工现状及对鱼类影响

鱼粉价格上涨,饲料成本上升,严重制约着水产养殖业的可持续发展,开发新型饲料蛋白源、节约鱼粉蛋白成为亟待解决的重要问题。大豆浓缩蛋白(soy protein concentrate,SPC)是由豆粕经乙醇或甲醇提取后的大豆制品。它具有高蛋白质含量(65%～70%)、高消化率,较少的抗营养因子等特点,被广泛应用于鱼类配合饲料。本文概述了大豆浓缩蛋白的理化特性、产品分类、加工工艺及替代鱼粉对鱼类生长、消化、免疫、肠道组织、抗氧化、蛋白质代谢等方面的影响,为合理开发利用大豆浓缩蛋白,节约鱼粉蛋白,降低饲料成本提供理论依据。     

木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白研究

本文研究了木瓜蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的有限水解作用。分析了酶浓度，反应时间，温度，底物浓度，半胱氨酸，异Vc钠，亚硫酸钠浓度等因素对大豆蛋白水解作用的影响。试验得出木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的较佳条件是酶浓度为8000U/g底物，反应时间150-200min，温度50℃，大豆蛋白浓度为4.5%-8%，半胱氨酸浓度0.25%。     

Long-term consumption of beef extended with soy protein by men,women and children: II. Effects on iron status

The iron status of men, women and children consuming beef extended with soy protein was evaluated by measuring serum ferritin and clinical parameters of iron status during a six-month study. Fifty-two families (245 participants) were randomly assigned to consume, for 180 days, 1 of 7 beef products: all beef, beef extended with either soy isolate, soy concentrate or soy flour (20% reconstituted soy product, 80% beef), or beef extended with each of the three soy products fortified with 60 mg Fe and 25 mg Zn/100 g protein. The beef product was consumed by the subjects as their principal source of protein for 1 meal a day (children 1–18 yr) or 1–2 meals a day (11 per week; adult men and women). A control group consumed their usual self-selected diets. No evidence was found that consumption of beef extended with soy protein deleteriously affected the iron status of men, women or children. Consumption of beef extended with soy protein, at the levels used in this study, by military men and women and by school lunch participants would not appear to impose a risk in these population groups.     

Properties of protein concentrates and hydrolysates from Amaranthus and Buckwheat

Protein concentrates and pepsin hydrolysates were made after isoelectric precipitation of the proteinaceous liquor from wet-milling of grain of five Amaranthus and one buckwheat genotype. The Amaranthus protein concentrates exhibited better solubility, foaming, and emulsification than two commercial soy protein controls. Many protein properties depend on solubility, and Amaranthus protein concentrates were more soluble than soy protein isolate. The buckwheat protein concentrate was highly soluble with excellent emulsification, but poor foaming ability. Partial pepsin hydrolysis further improved solubility of the protein concentrates and also altered their foaming property. Fractionation and subsequent characterization of protein concentrates revealed that glutelins, albumins, and globulins predominated, with prolamins present in minor quantity. SDS-PAGE showed that globulins and glutelins were comprised of several subunits with varying molecular weights from relatively high to low while albumins were mostly of low molecular weight. The prolamin fraction of the buckwheat concentrate was comprised of intermediate to low molecular weight subunits while those of Amaranthus concentrates were only of low molecular weight. This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing potentially useful functional protein concentrates as by-product of Amaranthus and buckwheat starch extraction.     

Long-term consumption of beef extended with soy protein by men,women and children: I. Study design,nutrient intakes,and serum zinc levels

The effect of long-term consumption, under practical conditions, of beef extended with soy protein on serum zinc levels of men, women and children was studied. Fifty-two families were randomly assigned to consume for 180 days 1 of 7 beef products: all beef, beef extended with either soy isolate, soy concentrate or soy flour (20% reconstituted soy product, 80% beef), or beef extended with each of the 3 soy products fortified with 60 mg Fe and 25 mg Zn/100g protein. The beef product was consumed by the subjects as their principal source of protein for 1 meal a day (children 1–8 yrs) or 1–2 meals a day (11 per week) for adult men and women. A control group consumed their usual self-selected diet. Diet records (4-day) of all foods and beverages consumed by the subjects were obtained pre-study and 63±7 and 126±7 days for calculation of nutrient intakes. No deleterious effects were found on the serum zinc levels when subjects consumed beef extended with soy protein for 180 days.Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.     

Digestibility of protein and amino acids in selected foods as determined by a rat balance method

Values (%) for true digestibility of crude protein and individual amino acids in 20 selected foods were determined by the rat balance (fecal) method. The products were fed as the sole source of protein in diets containing 8% crude protein (N × 6.25). Lowest true protein digestibility values (79–84) were obtained for pinto beans, kidney beans and lentils; intermediate values (89–92) were obtained for chick peas, beef stew, skim milk (over heated), rolled oats, whole wheat cereal, and pea protein concentrate; and highest values (94–100) were obtained for sausage, macaroni-cheese, rice-wheat gluten cereal, skim milk, tuna, soy isolate, peanut butter, chicken frankfurters, beef salami, casein and casein + methionine. In animal foods, peanut butter and soy isolate, the differences between true digestibility of crude protein and most individual amino acids were less than 5%. However, the values for true digestibility of methionine and cystine were up to 44% lower than those of crude protein in pinto beans, kidney beans, lentils, chick peas and pea concentrate. In these legumes, digestibility of crude protein was not a good predictor of digestibility of the limiting amino acids.     

Comparative effects of feeding a protease inhibitor-enriched potato protein concentrate and soy flour to rats

Rats were fed casein diets to which had been added a potato protein concentrate (PPC) at a level which provided trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitor activities comparable to that present at the same level (10%) of protein derived from raw soy flour. Control groups consisted of the same diets in which the unheated PPC and raw soy flour were replaced by their heated counterparts in which over 90% of the inhibitor activities had been destroyed. After 5 weeks the following measurements were made: (1) growth, (2) PER, (3) pancreas weight, (4) protein digestibility, (5) a peptide test that reflects pancreatic function, and (6) enzyme activities (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase) in the pancreas and small intestine. PPC was found to produce the same general pattern of effects as raw soy flour, namely, an inhibition of growth, a decrease in PER and protein digestibility, an increase in the size of the pancreas, an increase in the recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid in the peptide test, and a depletion of enzyme in the pancreas with concomitant increases in the intestines (except for trypsin). PPC was somewhat more effective than raw soy flour in causing an increase in trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the faces.     

复式萃取器及其应用

介绍了复式萃取器的结构特点及优势,分析了它在醇法大豆浓缩蛋白、天然色素及中草药有效成份萃取生产中的应用,指出复式萃取器能够实现浸泡及梯度萃取并获得较高提取效率。     

Improved functional properties for soy–wheat doughs due to modification of the size distribution of polymeric proteins

Physical modification of soy flour was shown to greatly improve the dough and baking qualities of soy–wheat (1:1) composite doughs, compared to raw soy flour, giving better stability and R_max, although extensibility was still below that of the wheat dough.Reasons for improvements caused by the physical-modification process were sought by determining the relative size distribution of proteins in the soy–wheat composite doughs by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). Results were expressed as the proportion of ‘unextractable polymeric protein’ (%UPP)—the proportion of the protein that is over 100,000 Da and only extractable after sonication. Protein extracts from the soy–wheat dough were sampled at different stages of dough mixing and fermentation, and their molecular-size distributions evaluated.Unextractable soy proteins were lower in raw soy flour (only 8% UPP) than in two physically-modified soy flours (19 and 34% UPP, respectively). Unextractable polymeric protein was much greater for wheat flour (57% UPP). After mixing a 1:1 soy–wheat composite dough, the %UPP was 36 and 22 (for the two types) when made from physically modified soy flours, compared to 8 for a composite dough using raw soy flour, and 43 for a wheat-only dough. The higher proportion of UPP for the wheat-modified soy doughs was taken as a reason for this composite dough providing better dough and baking qualities. Prolonged fermentation time caused a decrease in UPP percentages for all composite doughs and for the wheat-only dough.