益生元在养殖业中的应用研究

抗生素的滥用带来了一系列养殖和社会问题,引起人们的广泛关注,如何替代或减少抗生素的使用成为目前研究的热点.研究表明:益生元具有促进肠道益生菌生长及增强动物机体免疫力等作用,在减少抗生素使用上取得了显著的效果.对目前常见益生元的分类和特性,系统概述益生元在养殖业中的应用,综析了益生元的生理功能及发挥作用机制,探讨益生元未来的发展趋势及方向.     

益生元在家禽生产中的应用研究进展

益生元替代抗生素具有改善家禽生长性能、促进畜牧业养殖发展、保障食品安全的作用。目前，已经证明益生元可以正向调节家禽肠道微生物群。益生元可以抑制动物肠道病原体，其发酵和代谢增强，可以刺激有益菌的活性，从而影响短链脂肪酸的合成。文章综述了益生元概念、效果、机制及其在家禽生产中的应用，为益生元类饲料添加剂在家禽生产中的开发提供参考。     

益生芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中研究现状及存在问题

益生芽孢杆菌可分泌各种消化酶,抑制病原微生物,调节免疫活性及改善水体环境等,直接或间接地保护水产动物免受病原菌的感染,同时可促进生长。因此,益生芽孢杆菌用于水产养殖的研究越来越多。但由于水生生物胃肠道微生物菌群的特征及养殖水环境的多样性,使其在水产养殖中的应用及作用机制仍需深入研究。研究综述益生芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中的应用现状以及存在问题,为其在水产养殖中的深入研究提供参考。     

后生元的功效及其在动物养殖中的应用研究进展

后生元是指对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和/或其他成分的制剂，由于具有明显的益生功能及无生命微生物的特点，不论是生产还是应用都有巨大的市场前景。文章从后生元的定义、作用机理及常用后生元在动物养殖中的应用现状及应用前景等进行论述。     

益生菌、益生元、合生元与犬猫肠道健康的研究进展

益生菌、益生元作为宠物食品添加剂,可调节肠道菌群结构及相关代谢产物而有益于宿主健康。本文对益生菌、益生元等在宠物食品中的应用进行综述,并探讨益生菌、益生元、合生元在宠物营养中的作用,以期为提高犬猫肠道健康及宠物食品合理配制提供参考。     

合生素在仔猪生产中的应用研究进展

合生素是益生素与益生元结合的生物制剂,它能发挥益生素的生理活性和益生元的促生长的双重作用,可最大限度发挥益生素和益生元的相似作用。研究表明,其使用效果相当于或优于抗生素、成本低于抗生素等抗茵药物、不存在药物残留问题,是非常有前途的抗生素替代品。本文综述了合生素在仔猪生产中的应用研究进展,希望能在把握合生素在仔猪生产中的...     

饲用益生芽孢杆菌在畜禽无抗养殖中的应用研究

无抗养殖是未来全球化健康养殖的发展趋势,也是保障公众健康的重要环节。饲用益生芽孢杆菌是一类重要的"减抗"、"替抗"微生态制剂,已成为研究热点。文章结合国内外研究进展,从饲用益生芽孢杆菌应用分类、功能机制、菌株安全标准、畜禽无抗养殖生产效果和前沿展望方面作以综述,为饲用益生芽孢杆菌的无抗养殖应用推广提供理论参考。     

水产养殖中益生芽孢杆菌的应用

介绍了益生芽孢杆菌及其在水产养殖中的作用,对其在水产养殖中的投喂方式、用量、效果等进行了分析。益生芽孢杆菌可改善养殖环境、降低病害发生率,促进水生动物生长,建议推广。     

营养途径调控动物肠道微生物与臭气减排研究进展

养殖业产生的臭气问题越来越引发关注,从营养途径探讨养殖业臭气减排是重要方向。论文论述了养殖臭气的来源及成分,肠道微生物的生长代谢、发酵类型及其与臭气生成的关系,以及益生元调控肠道微生物实现臭气减排的机理研究进展,展望了益生元在调控动物肠道微生物、进一步探讨臭气减排研究的相关问题和方法。     

功能性低聚糖的研究进展与在生猪养殖中的应用

功能性低聚糖作为益生元具有其独特的生理功能,在食品及饲料工业中应用广泛.文章主要对几种常见功能性低聚糖的化学结构尧生理功能和在生猪养殖上的应用现状进行综述分析.     

谷氨酰胺对水生动物免疫的影响及机理

本文主要围绕谷氨酰胺对水生动物免疫的影响及机理进行综述，旨在促进谷氨酰胺在水生动物上的研究及科学应用。     

水生生物对高不饱和脂肪酸的营养需求

鱼虾必需脂肪酸是指一些不能由机体自身合成而只能由食物提供,以满足其正常生长发育以及维持细胞组织功能所必需的多不饱和脂肪酸.必需脂肪酸对鱼虾的正常生长以及发育繁殖至关重要.本文就水生生物对n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 HUFA)和n-6高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 HUFA)系列营养需求作一综述.     

Opportunities of prebiotics for the intestinal health of monogastric animals

The goal of prebiotic applications from different sources is to improve the gut ecosystem where the host and microbiota can benefit from prebiotics. It has already been recognized that prebiotics have potential roles in the gut ecosystem because gut microbiota ferment complex dietary macronutrients and carry out a broad range of functions in the host body, such as the production of nutrients and vitamins, protection against pathogens, and maintenance of immune system balance. The gut ecosystem is very crucial and can be affected by numerous factors consisting of dietary constituents and commensal bacteria. This review focuses on recent scientific evidence, confirming a beneficial effect of prebiotics on animal health, particularly in terms of protection against pathogenic bacteria and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria that may improve epithelial cell barrier functions. It has also been reviewed that modification of the gut ecosystem through the utilization of prebiotics significantly affects the intestinal health of animals. However, the identification and characterization of novel potential prebiotics remain a topical issue and elucidation of the metagenomics relationship between gut microbiota alteration and prebiotic substances is necessary for future prebiotic studies.     

影响水产动物药代动力学的因素

对影响水产动物药代动力学的机体因素、药理因素和环境因素进行了综述。影响药动学的因素很多，尤其对于所处环境因素复杂的水产动物来说，除了遗传种属、性别等生理因素和病理、药理等因素外，环境因子尤其是水温能显著影响药代动力学过程。研究不同条件下的药动学，对于合理、正确地使用药物有重要的指导作用。     

桑叶功能成分及其在水产养殖中的应用

作为重要的植物蛋白源,桑叶在水产动物饲料中具有良好应用前景。文章对桑叶多糖、甾醇、生物碱、黄酮以及抗营养因子等的类型、功能、桑叶替代鱼粉的合适比例和对水产动物机体生长及免疫性能的影响进行综述。文章提出桑叶采收和加工利用技术、桑叶功能成分的作用机理以及桑叶饲料的水产动物适配性开展系统研究的建议,为桑叶在水产动物饲料中的有效应用提供参考。     

益生元在家禽生产中的应用潜力

益生元是以天然来源的碳水化合物为基础的聚合物,可以被胃肠道中的一些细菌利用,但不被宿主动物消化。益生元作为家禽饲料添加剂,可促进养分消化、吸收,因为它们选择有益的微生物,这些微生物被认为可以促进禽类营养,并可能限制食源性病原体的形成。已经有大量研究来评估其对人类、动物的影响,但只有有限的研究是在非常规生产条件下进行的,同时关于它们对宿主和胃肠道菌群影响的具体机制仍有很多未知。随着对非常规生产系统进行的更详细和精确的研究,结构不同的益生元可能不仅会对胃肠道微生物群产生影响,而且可能以不同的模式与禽类宿主直接或间接地产生相互作用。     

Effects of oligosaccharides on functional parameters of the intestinal tract of growing pigs.

Feeding experiments were carried out in growing pigs using topinambur powder or inactivated yeasts as prebiotic additives with an application period of at least 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental periods the animals were killed and segments of the intestinal tract were used for measuring transport physiological parameters and for mucin histochemistry. Jejunal epithelia were mounted in Ussing chambers for measuring electrical tissue parameters, paracellular permeability and short circuit current response to mucosal glucose. Both prebiotics had no effects on basal or forskolin stimulated short circuit currents. Total tissue conductances tended to be higher in response to both prebiotics. Topinambur increased mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of mannitol in the proximal and distal jejunum, which could only be demonstrated for the distal jejunum when inactivated yeasts were fed. Mucosal application of glucose induced higher current responses in jejunal tissues. From histochemistry it could be demonstrated that both prebiotics increased the number of ileal goblet cells and the thickness of the colonic mucosa.     

The nutritional management of gastrointestinal tract disorders in companion animals

Dietary protein, carbohydrates, fats and fibre have marked influences on gastrointestinal tract function and dysfunction. This article reviews the nutritional management of common gastrointestinal disorders in companion animals and introduces some of the current areas of research including probiotics, prebiotics, protein-hydrolysate diets, immunonutrition and dietary fibre.

Nutritional management of oesophageal disease revolves around varying the consistency of the diet and feeding the animal from an elevated container. Provision of bowel rest remains the mainstay of the management of acute gastroenteritis but food-based oral rehydration solutions are a useful adjunct. The recommended diet for chronic small bowel diarrhoea is a highly digestible, hypoallergenic, gluten-free, low-lactose and low-fat diet with modest amounts of fermentable fibre. The use of probiotics in the management of diarrhoea in companion animals has not yet been shown to be beneficial. It is likely that prebiotics will prove more effective than probiotics in the prevention of enteropathogenic infections.

Approximately 50% of cats in New Zealand that suffer from chronic idiopathic vomiting or diarrhoea will respond to a novel-protein-elimination diet and approximately 30% meet the diagnostic criteria for food sensitivity. Growing evidence supports the use of protein-hydrolysate diets in the management of inflammatory bowel disease and further advances in immunonutrition are expected. The dietary management of colitis should include a hypoallergenic diet with a fermentable fibre source.

Manipulation of the diet provides clinicians a powerful therapeutic strategy to be used alone or concurrently with drug therapy in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.     

The nutritional management of gastrointestinal tract disorders in companion animals

Dietary protein, carbohydrates, fats and fibre have marked influences on gastrointestinal tract function and dysfunction. This article reviews the nutritional management of common gastrointestinal disorders in companion animals and introduces some of the current areas of research including probiotics, prebiotics, protein-hydrolysate diets, immunonutrition and dietary fibre. Nutritional management of oesophageal disease revolves around varying the consistency of the diet and feeding the animal from an elevated container. Provision of bowel rest remains the mainstay of the management of acute gastroenteritis but food-based oral rehydration solutions are a useful adjunct. The recommended diet for chronic small bowel diarrhoea is a highly digestible, hypoallergenic, gluten-free, low-lactose and low-fat diet with modest amounts of fermentable fibre. The use of probiotics in the management of diarrhoea in companion animals has not yet been shown to be beneficial. It is likely that prebiotics will prove more effective than probiotics in the prevention of enteropathogenic infections. Approximately 50% of cats in New Zealand that suffer from chronic idiopathic vomiting or diarrhoea will respond to a novel-protein-elimination diet and approximately 30% meet the diagnostic criteria for food sensitivity. Growing evidence supports the use of protein-hydrolysate diets in the management of inflammatory bowel disease and further advances in immunonutrition are expected. The dietary management of colitis should include a hypoallergenic diet with a fermentable fibre source. Manipulation of the diet provides clinicians a powerful therapeutic strategy to be used alone or concurrently with drug therapy in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.     

微生物发酵饲料在水产养殖中的应用

随着水产养殖业的高速发展,动物性蛋白源短缺和抗生素滥用等问题给水产行业的健康、可持续发展带来诸多挑战.近年来,相关研究表明,微生物发酵饲料具有利于转化传统植物蛋白源中的抗营养因子、提高饲料利用率、改善动物机体健康水平和免疫功能等作用.本文从国内外关于微生物发酵饲料在水产领域的应用现状及其对水产动物的有益作用方面进行了综...