酚类阻燃剂处理杉木热解过程的热动力学研究

抗流失阻燃剂是当前阻燃剂研究开发的一个重要方向。采用TG DTA热分析技术研究了酚类阻燃剂处理杉木热解过程各阶段的木炭产量和热动力学参数。结果表明 ,酚类阻燃剂阻燃处理杉木的产炭量因苯环上取代基不同而不同 ,其阻燃作用的大小顺序为 :氨基 >溴 >硝基。同时具有氮元素和溴元素的二溴硝基苯酚和二溴氨基苯酚的产炭量都大于相应的单取代苯酚衍生物。浸泡实验后 ,磷酸氢二铵的产炭损失率是二溴硝基苯酚的 5倍。阻燃处理后产炭量的增大总是对应于炭化阶段热解反应峰温降低、反应速率常数增大 ,但产炭量的增大程度与这些热动力学参数的改变是负相关的。因此 ,氮和溴的苯酚衍生物不仅对木材具有很强的阻燃作用 ,而且具有很强的抗浸泡能力 ,氮元素的阻燃作用与其在阻燃剂中的氧化态关系极大 ,氮和溴在木材阻燃中存在协同增效作用 ,阻燃处理对木材的吸湿性也有影响。     

人工林珍贵树种柚木和楸木的热解特性及动力学

木材阻燃体系的选择应考虑其热解特性,选取人工林珍贵树种柚木、楸木和速生材杉木、辐射松为研究对象,通过化学成分和热重（TG）分析试验,研究热解特性、热解动力学模型和参数,为阻燃体系选择提供理论依据。结果表明：四种木材的热解过程均可分为失水、过渡、剧烈降解和成炭等四个阶段;柚木、楸木的最大热解速率温度、活化能和活化因子均低于杉木和辐射松,适用于热解温度相对较低的阻燃体系。     

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of maleated polypropylene treated wood fibers in a high-intensity thermokinetic mixer

Summary An XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis) study of wood fiber treated with maleated polypropylene was performed to obtain information on the chemical nature of wood fiber before and after treatment. Wood fiber was treated in a high-intensity thermokinetic mixer with maleated polypropylene at different loading level (relative to wood fiber weight). The XPS results showed that the treatment of maleated polypropylene increased the hydrocarbon concentration of wood fiber, as indicated by the decrease in oxygen-carbon ratio, and the continuous increase of the relative intensity of the component C1 in C1s signal. Based on these values, higher molecular weight maleated polypropylene produced more hydrophobic wood fiber surface than lower molecular weight maleated polypropylene. The decrease in C4 carbon type in C1s signal after treatment suggested that the esterification reaction between wood fiber and maleated polypropylene had not ocurred under the experimental conditions used in this study. Received 5 January 1997     

用ESCA对乙二醛与木材交联处理的研究

采用化学分析光电子能谱ESCA对乙二醛、乙二醇与木材交联反应过程的C元素价态变化进行分析。ESCA波谱表明:处理材的C2明显减少,C3和C4含量之和增加,生成新的C5,从而证明乙二醛与木材交联反应生成醚键。根据C元素不同价态含量的变化,证明乙二醛与木材交联处理可以提高其尺寸的稳定性。     

Hydrophobization of wood surfaces: covalent grafting of silicone polymers

 The hydrophilicity of Maritime pine wood surfaces was modified by silicone, an extremely hydrophobic material. A generic method for the introduction of a variety of silicones at the surface of pre-treated wood was developed. The initial treatment of wood with maleic anhydride and allyl glycidyl ether resulted in oligoesterified wood bearing terminal alkenes. The hydro- osilylation of these groups, performed with hydride-terminated silicones, led to very hydrophobic surfaces, even after extensive soxhlet extraction with good solvents for silicones. Thze presence of silicon, only at the surface of hydrosilylated wood, was confirmed by ESCA. The silicones appear to be attached to the wood by covalent bonds. Received 20 December 1998     

木材阻燃的概况

近几年来我国火灾的严重性,已使木材阻燃成为一项紧迫任务。文中简要介绍了建筑结构材料的耐火试验、木材阻燃处理方法、阻燃剂及发展趋势。     

Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant

The use of multifunctional wood for decorative purpose has grown increasingly popular in recent years. In this study, fast-growing poplar wood was treated with dye (0.5%) and flame retardant (0, 10, 20, and 30%) simultaneously to enhance its visual characteristic and safety. The dynamic wettability and surface free energy of wood samples were studied using S-D wetting model and van Oss–Chaudhury–Good (vOCG) method, respectively. Dye uptake, drug load, color difference, and combustion performance were determined. The treated wood was also characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that the proposed treatment yields favorable adhesive spreading and penetration ability at the wood surface. The surface free energy of treated wood was higher than that of untreated wood, and the dye uptake, drug load, color difference, and limited oxygen index all increased after the proposed combination treatment compared to dye-only treated wood. The results also indicated that the flame retardant reacted chemically with the wood as the dye and flame retardant molecules diffused into the cell cavity, wood vessel, and aperture.     

基于CONE法的热处理杨木燃烧特性研究

利用锥形量热仪CONE对不同热处理工艺下的杨木燃烧行为进行研究。结果表明:热处理后杨木中亲水的羟基、羰基数量明显减少,大量半纤维素降解。木材试样从外部热源引燃到燃烧结束,出现两个主要放热峰。热处理后杨木引燃和燃烧过程的发烟量较大,且热处理杨木引燃时间更短。热处理材的热释放峰值pk-HRR、平均热释放速率av-HRR和总热释放量THR均低于未处理材,表明其燃烧强度低于未处理材。热处理杨木燃烧过程的总烟释放量TSP较未处理材有所增加,同时其引燃时间也有所缩短。因此,对用于家具和室内装饰的热处理木材,建议进行恰当的阻燃处理。     

三种木材阻燃剂的对比研究

通过处理三组不同密度的水曲柳,对比研究了BL-环保阻燃剂和市场上两种木材阻燃剂的渗透性及阻燃性等。结果表明,BL-环保阻燃剂在阻燃性、抑烟性方面优于另外两种阻燃剂;在渗透性和吸湿性方面居中;而在对木材力学性能的影响方面不如其他两种阻燃剂。     

木材功能化阻燃剂研究进展

一剂多效是木材阻燃剂的主要发展方向。文中分别对常用的木材功能化阻燃剂和阻燃处理工艺的国内外研究进展进行了综述,包括磷氮硼阻燃剂、金属化合物阻燃剂、树脂阻燃剂、纳米阻燃剂和微胶囊阻燃剂及新型浸渍法、表面改性法和溶胶-凝胶法等阻燃处理工艺,讨论了木材阻燃研究的发展趋势。     

真菌致泡桐材组分变化研究

用FTIR、ESCA等波谱分析方法，对真菌侵蚀的泡桐材进行了分析，结果表明：真菌侵蚀后，泡桐材的木质素含量相对比例增加、半纤维素含量降低、纤维素含量变化不明显。     

六甲基磷酰三胺木材阻燃剂的研究

热重分析和燃烧试验表明，六甲基磷酰三胺与杉木反应１５ｍｉｎ后，六甲基磷酰三胺使杉木的热解峰温由４１０℃降低到２９０℃，残余炭量由１７．２％增加到４８．２％，处理材用水浸泡处理２天后阻燃效果无明显下降。     

木塑复合材料阻燃技术研究现状和趋势

综述了近年来木塑复合材料的常用阻燃剂类型（主要指无卤阻燃剂）、阻燃处理工艺及其阻燃性能的研究现状,对木塑复合材料的燃烧性能进行了分析,并结合木塑复合材料在阻燃方面存在的问题对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

杨木胶合板阻燃性能研究

本文研究了杨木胶合板阻燃剂不同施加方式及施加量对其阻燃性能影响,结果表明:浸渍法施加阻燃剂的胶合板阻燃性能参数比粉末喷洒法有显著提升,阻燃剂施加量占绝干单板质量的5.7%~6.9%时阻燃性能最佳。     

FLAME RETARDANT OF GUANIDINE CONDENSED PHOSPHATE (GCP) FOR WOOD

Fireplaysanimportantroleinmakingmancivilization,butfirealsobringaboutdisastertoman.Somedevelopedcountriesdatashowedthatl%ofthegrossnationalproductisdevotedbyconflagrationseveryyear.Inrecentyears,firesoccurredabout3-4hundredtimeseveryyearinChina,di-recteconomiclosswas2Oo-3OOmillionChineseyuanL13,andmostfireswerecausedbywoodburning.Therefore,flameretardanttreatmentforwoodtodiminishorpreventfiredisasterisamosteffectivemeasureofstrategy.Forthisreason,thisresearchfieldhasbeenreceivingagreatat-tC…     

Effect of nanofillers on flame retardancy, chemical resistance, antibacterial properties and biodegradation of wood/styrene acrylonitrile co-polymer composites

Wood polymer nanocomposites (WPNCs) based on simul wood (Bombex ceiba, L.) were prepared by impregnation of styrene acrylonitrile copolymer, γ-methacryloyloxy trimethyl silane-modified TiO₂, SiO₂ nanoparticles and nanoclay intercalating mixture through vacuum impregnation. The impact of nanofillers on the physical properties, flame retardancy, water resistance, anti-swelling efficiency and biodegradability of the resultant WPNCs was investigated. Remarkable enhancement in wood properties such as flame retardancy, water resistance and anti-swelling efficiency was achieved with the treatment. The results showed that all the properties were maximum for wood samples treated with SAN/TiO₂ (0.5 %)/SiO₂ (0.5 %)/nanoclay (0.5 %). The presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles in WPNC exhibited antibacterial activity. The resistance to biodegradation was observed by incorporation of nanofillers into wood.     

AMINO RESIN FLAME RETARDANT FOR WOOD

INTRoDUCTIoNThechemicalscommonlyusedforflameretardantstowoodincludeammoniumphosphate,phosphoricacid,boricacid,borax,hydratedalumna,am-moniasulfate,zincchlorideandmagne--siumcNoridetl'2j.Thesechemicalsareimpregnatedasaqueoussolutionsintothewoodwheretheyaredepositedwithintheporesandcapillariesofthewoodwhenthesolutionevaporates.Butthesechemicalsarenotsuitableforexteriorandunder-groundconstructionwheretheflameretardantsareleachedeasily[3:.Nowanimportantdevelopmentorientationofstudyingonflamere…     

多元羧酸与木材酯化反应的固体核磁共振谱CPMAS~(13)CNMR的表征

本研究要用以多元羧酸为酯化剂 ,以无机盐为催化剂的交联体系。这一体系是新型的、水溶的、无毒害、无污染的非甲醛系试剂并联体系。本文采用固体核磁共振谱CP MAS1 3 CNMR ,测定木材主要组分酯化反应的CP MAS1 3 CNMR波谱 ,归属主要谱线 ,分析了多元羧酸与木材交联反应过程中主要组分的化学结构变化。结果表明 :酯化反应后 ,羧基碳的比率增加 ;芳香族碳和羟基碳的比率减少 ;烷基碳的变化随着羧基碳的变化而改变。这一变化趋势与采用FTIR和ESCA得到的变化趋势一致     

Die Departement van Houtkunde van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch neem die Eerste Suid-Afrikaansvervaardigde Laboratoriumverteerder in Gebruik

Various factors affect the measurements obtained with d.c. resistance moisture meters, such as species, density of wood, direction of current flow and ash content. In this paper, particular attention is paid to the resistance/moisture content/temperature interaction. The most important single factor affecting the resistance of wood, aside from moisture content, is temperature. The temperature effect is further considered in terms of activation energy i.e. the energy required to dissociate conducting ions in wood.     

福建柯木木材人工干燥难的原因分析

福建柯木木材早晚材管孔的大小差异大 ,早晚材急变 ,导管的长度与孔径比值大 ;管孔的排列呈火焰状离散型 ,木射线宽窄不一 ,多数呈宽或较宽。在木材干燥中这些特征使该类木材更容易形成内外水分梯度差异 ,从而产生内应力 ,导致木材开裂翘曲和皱缩。此外 ,不同树种不同规格板材同窑干燥也是影响木材干燥质量的重要人为因素。本文就上述两方面问题作了初步探讨