黔草3号扁穗雀麦品种比较试验

2002~2005年在贵州南部地区对选育的黔草3号扁穗雀麦与对照品种燕麦、原始群体进行了生育期、株高、鲜草产量、种子产量、茎叶比、营养价值等方面观测对比。结果表明:黔草3号扁穗雀麦除种子产量低于对照品种外,其余生产性能均高于对照品种。     

黔草3号扁穗雀麦品种比较试验

2002～2005年在贵州南部地区对选育的黔草3号扁穗雀麦与对照品种燕麦、原始群体进行了生育期、株高、鲜草产量、种子产量、茎叶比、营养价值等方面观测对比.结果表明:黔草3号扁穗雀麦除种子产量低于对照品种外,其余生产性能均高于对照品种.     

干旱胁迫对两种扁穗雀麦种子萌发期抗旱性试验

扁穗雀麦是重要的牧草之一,广泛应用于畜牧业中。用渗透胁迫对野生扁穗雀麦和黔草3号雀麦进行种子萌发期抗旱性进行比较试验,通过对2种种子活力,抗旱指数,发芽势等指标进行测定,结果表明野生扁穗雀麦具有更强的抗旱性.     

紫花苜蓿与扁穗雀麦、鸭茅混播效果研究

依据贵州省乌蒙山区的气候特点和牧草种植需要,用北林202紫花苜蓿与黔南扁穗雀麦、黔草4号鸭茅分别进行混播试验,从生育期、产量、营养品质、饲用价值等方面对混播群体与3种牧草单播进行比较分析,探讨北林202紫花苜蓿与黔南扁穗雀麦、黔草4号鸭茅这2种不同禾本科牧草混播后的增产效益。结果表明,混播群体较黔南扁穗雀麦、黔草4号鸭茅单播牧草鲜草产量分别提高7.57%、8.00%,经济效益分别提高14.01%、15.34%。综上所述,北林202紫花苜蓿与禾本科牧草混播,既能提高牧草产量,又可提升牧草饲用价值,获得了较好的经济效益。     

扁穗雀麦不同种质材料生长性能和品质比较

为了选育高产、优质且适宜性较好的扁穗雀麦新品系,对贵州不同生态区域的9份种质材料的物候期、株高、草产量与品质、种子产量进行了比较研究。结果表明:扁穗雀麦不同种质材料在贵州独山都能完成其生育期,不同种质材料间株高、草产量和种子产量等生长性能与粗蛋白、粗纤维等品质存在显著差异,其中,采集于独山县6号和普定县19号扁穗雀麦种质材料的鲜干草产量和种子产量较高且草品质好,适宜作为扁穗雀麦新品种培育和应用的种质材料。     

“凉山”扁穗雀麦品种比较试验

"凉山"扁穗雀麦与"江夏"扁穗雀麦于2013年至2015年在凉山州西昌市、布拖县、盐源县开展为期3年的品比试验,通过生育期观测、株高测定及干鲜草产量测定比较发现:"江夏"扁穗雀麦生育期较"凉山"扁穗雀麦生育期早10d左右;"凉山"扁穗雀麦株高平均高出"江夏"扁穗雀麦8. 88%;"凉山"扁穗雀麦鲜、干草平均产量分别高出"江夏"扁穗雀麦5. 32%～35. 11%、8. 87%～37. 82%,增产明显。     

高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地种间竞争效应分析

从高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落的种问竞争机制出发,建立了适合高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落种间竞争机制的Lotka—Volterra竞争效应模型,并对该模型所描述的竞争进行了计算机模拟试验。模拟结果表明,试验所选的3种高寒地区3组分禾草混播草群的种间相容性分为两种类型,即不稳定的群落：多叶老芒麦 无芒雀麦 垂穗披碱草和垂穗披碱草 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,其竞争结局是：群落内多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草二者共同表现为优势种群,无芒雀麦或扁穗冰草与优势植物的竞争结果将导致其从群落中消失,多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草种群将能稳定共存;不稳定-稳定过渡群落：无芒雀麦 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,在没有多叶老芒麦种群的时候,无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群可以共存,但是如果多叶老芒麦种群加入无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草所占的区域,它将导致无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群趋于灭绝。通过对3个混播试验组计算机模拟竞争模型的竞争效应分析,其结果与方法对科学建植同类型的多年生混播人工草地具有一定的指导意义。     

5种禾草在高寒地区旱作条件下的牧草产量分析

5种多年生禾草在高寒地区旱作栽培条件下的品种比较试验表明,粉绿披碱草、多叶老芒麦、短芒老芒麦、无芒雀麦、扁穗冰草在高寒地区旱作条件下生长正常,表现良好,其中以披碱草属的3种牧草和冰草属的扁穗冰草相对稳产,表现最好,无论从产量还是经济性能等方面均表现最佳,而无芒雀麦在高寒地区稳产性最差。     

三个多年生禾草隔离要求的试验

<正> 作者于1977-1981年在0.125公顷种子小区上进行了问隔50米的交互授粉试验。小区宽25米,长50米。行距1米。3个禾草为无芒雀麦、扁穗冰草和草芦。每个草种选两个基因型不同的品种,同一草种的两个品种在田间小区排列上相距5O米。观察平均结果是,小区外边4行受交互授粉的影响比内部大。边缘两行的混杂更为严重,如雀麦为6.7％和9.4％,扁穗冰草为5.5％,草芦为9.4％,平均混杂值,无芒雀麦同一方向为2.4％,相反方向为4.6％;     

5种禾草在高寒地区旱作条件下的牧草产量分析

5种多年生禾草在高寒地区旱作栽培条件下的品种比较试验表明，粉绿披碱草、多叶老芒麦、短芒老芒麦、无芒雀麦、扁穗冰草在高寒地区旱作条件下生长正常，表现良好，其中以披碱草属的3种牧草和冰草属的扁穗冰草相对稳产，表现最好，无论从产量还是经济性能等方面均表现最佳，而无芒雀麦在高寒地区稳产性最差。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein