电镜技术检验犬四联弱毒苗种子毒及品的外源病毒

我们用电子显微镜（电镜）技术，检验犬四联弱毒疫苗种子毒及其成品疫苗中的外源毒。经对每批种子毒细胞培养物及间隔一定批次成品疫苗抽样检查，其中一批种子毒细胞培养物中发现了呼肠病毒污染，得到及时有效的处理。同时证明应用电镜技术检验外源病毒确是一种快速而有效的方法。     

犬细小病毒性肠炎弱毒疫苗的研究

选用从犬科动物貉中分得的貉细小病毒CR86106株为种毒,用猫肾传代细胞F81系培养增殖,制成犬细小病毒性肠炎弱毒疫苗(M-CPV)。该苗对猪红细胞的HA效价平均156,对F81细胞系的TCID_(50)平均为4.02。对离乳幼犬的最低免疫剂量为5×10~(3·8)TCID_(50)。苗注后2周即可获得免疫,血清HI抗体达32即可抵抗CPV强毒感染。疫苗的免疫期为1年。于-15℃以下冰盒保存,疫苗的有效期为9个月。CR80106株遗传性稳定,经CPV易感幼犬和F81细胞系连续传5代和22代,对犬的安全性和免疫原性不变。病毒蛋白经SDS—PAGE和HPLC分析,均未发现与原始毒株有不同。M-CPV对母源抗体干扰有较强的抵抗力,母源抗体达32的幼犬,100％可对该亩产生免疫应答。HI抗体<2的CPV易感幼犬接种该苗后除粪便轻度阳转外,无其他异常,同居CPV易感幼犬也不会感染发病。两次免疫后作同居感染攻毒,可获得完全保护,不会由粪便排出强毒。于产前20d给怀孕母犬接种,也未见有流产、早产、死胎和弱胎现象发生,所产仔犬全部生长发育正常。全国16个军、警犬场队用本疫苗累计免疫各类犬3320只,全部安全,没有一只因注苗而发病,经1～2年临床观察,3296头获得保护,保护率为99.28％。     

犬用四联疫苗免疫试验

用CDV弱毒、CPV弱毒、CAV 2型弱毒和ERA弱毒成功研制了犬用四联疫苗。该四联疫苗安全可靠 ,免疫原性强 ,免疫期 6个月以上。该四联疫苗免疫剂量为 3mL/只 ,CDV、CPV和CAV 2型和ERA弱毒疫苗效价为 10 6 0 ～ 10 7 5,应用接种 30万只犬 ,抗体阳转率为 90 %。     

犬瘟热弱毒疫苗免疫犬抗体消长规律及影响因素

应用犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）血清中和试验，对从日本引进的犬瘟热弱毒疫苗免疫犬的血清中和抗体效价进行了检测，探讨了免疫剂量、免疫程序和犬的年龄对抗体效价的影响。结果表明，试验犬于第１次免疫后１４ｄ左右产生１∶９以上的血清中和抗体，随后抗体水平迅速升高，３５ｄ时７８．３８％的免疫犬抗体效价超过１∶１００，６０ｄ达到高峰，６个月试验结束时，血清中和抗体效价仍维持在１∶１００以上。该犬瘟热弱毒疫苗的最低免疫剂量为１０３．０ＴＣＩＤ５０，以２周或３周间隔连续免疫３次均可使免疫犬获得完全保护。     

应用犬五联弱毒冻干苗预防犬副流感的免疫程序的研究

本试验应用目前国内研制的含犬副流感弱毒疫苗的五联苗,采用微量血凝与血凝抑制试验,通过对96条军犬和民犬进行定期采血检测,研究了本疫苗预防犬副流感的免疫程序,以犬副流感抗体效价达到1:64为标准,该苗的免疫程序为第一次注苗后14天再注射1次,以后每隔6个月注射1次。在将血凝与血凝抑制试验用于犬的血清副流感抗体检测中,采用了绵羊红细胞,结果清晰准确,方法有所创新。     

用PCR技术鉴定犬细小病毒弱毒疫苗株

通过分析比较犬细小病毒(CPV)弱毒疫苗株和强毒株的基因序列，设计了3条引物并组成2对引物，对弱毒疫苗株和强毒株进行了半嵌套式PCR扩增。第1轮PCR扩增的结果为CPV弱毒疫苗株和强毒株有相同的目的片段(585bp)；第2轮PCR扩增的结果为CPV强毒株有375bp目的片段，而CPV弱毒疫苗株没有375bp目的片段。对PCR产物进行电泳和酶切分析，结果证明PCR产物片段大小和酶切位点与设计的产物完全一致。特异性和敏感性测定结果表明，该方法是高度特异和敏感的，可用于弱毒疫苗毒株与强毒株的鉴定。     

小熊猫接种犬瘟热弱毒疫苗的效果分析

使用荷兰英特威(intervet)公司生产的犬用犬瘟热(Canine Distemper)弱毒疫苗,接种了云南野生动物收容拯救中心、云南野生动物园和南京市红山森林动物园3处不同地点、不同饲养环境条件下的72只小熊猫,历时12 a,先后共接种302次,接种前所有小熊猫经过检疫、检查,无任何疾病,健康状况良好.抽检其中4只小熊猫作抗体变化测定,接种前中和抗体效价平均为1∶44,经犬用犬瘟热病弱毒疫苗接种后中和抗体效价提高到1∶1976,经多次接种试验,除1只发生不良反应出现死亡之外,其余接种的71只健康状况良好,多年来未发生犬瘟热病,通过此次试验,证明使用荷兰英特威公司生产的犬用犬瘟热弱毒疫苗接种小熊猫较为安全,中和抗体效价比接种前提高了45倍,有很好的免疫效果,是国内动物园预防小熊猫犬瘟热较为理想的疫苗.     

猫泛白细胞减少症弱毒冻干疫苗研制与探索最佳冻干曲线的研究

生物制品进行冷冻干燥过程中，或多或少会损失一定的效价，可直接影响产品效力和免疫原性。本文为研制出高效价和保持期长的猪泛白细胞减少症弱毒冻干疫苗，为降低效价损失，选择出最佳冷冻干燥曲线，使冻干后的产品效价损失减少到最低水平。试验结果选用全程为17h的冻干曲线是科学的、可行的。     

Field trial of a quadrivalent vaccine against calf respiratory disease

A quadrivalent vaccine containing the killed antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, Mycoplasma dispar and M bovis, emulsified with an oil adjuvant, was tested for efficacy against naturally occurring calf respiratory disease. Three batches of beef cattle aged 12, seven and three weeks at the time of first vaccination were used. Within each batch of approximately 100 animals, half were vaccinated subcutaneously on three occasions, three weeks apart and half served as unvaccinated controls. Over the trial period, from November 1981 to May 1982, 27 per cent of the control calves were treated for respiratory disease compared with 16.3 per cent of the vaccinated animals. This reduction of non-fatal disease in the vaccinated animals represented a protection rate of almost 40 per cent and was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Mortality was also reduced from 3.4 per cent in the control calves to 1.9 per cent in the vaccinated animals but this difference was not statistically significant. During a major outbreak of disease associated with respiratory syncytial virus, the protection rate increased to 69 per cent (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, in the batch of cattle aged seven weeks at first vaccination there was significantly less pneumonic consolidation at death in the vaccinated animals than in the control animals (P less than 0.05).     

高羊茅草坪蒸散量与质量关系初探

采用单因素随机区组设计,以灌水为试验处理,研究高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）生育期内不同月份的蒸散量与其草坪质量之间的关系。结果表明,处理Ⅰ（田间持水量100%～80%）、Ⅱ（田间持水量80%～60%）、Ⅲ（田间持水量60%～40%）下,草坪质量与蒸散量有一个界限值,当蒸散量小于此界限值时,草坪质量随草坪蒸散量的增加而增加,且增加的幅度较大;当大于该界限值时,草坪质量不再增加,草坪质量随草坪蒸散量的增大而减小,呈现出抛物线关系。处理Ⅳ（田间持水量40%~萎蔫含水量）条件下,草坪质量与蒸散量在试验期内呈线性关系。不同水分条件下,草坪草蒸散量对草坪质量的影响显著。     

The relationship between the size of caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte of the canine femoral neck and the radiographic view

Caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO), an osteophyte at the site of joint capsule attachment on the caudal aspect of the femoral neck, has been advocated as a radiographic criterion for coxofemoral subluxation. The correlation between the presence of CCO on radiographs (radiographic-CCO), the size of the CCO (CCO index) on three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images, and hip evaluation using transverse CT images was assessed in 22 Border Collies. CCOs were detected on the radiographs and CT images of 32% and 100% femurs, respectively. The CCO index correlated significantly with radiographic-CCO, but a large CCO index did not necessarily imply that the CCO was visible on radiographs. Hence, radiographic-CCO findings should be used cautiously in hip evaluation of Border Collies.     

The relationship between the prevalence of uterine lesions and the use of medroxyprogesterone acetate for canine population control

SUMMARY The prevalence of uterine disease was established during desexing of 175 bitches in the Torres Strait and Cape York, 42 of which had been treated with injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for oestrus postponement. The prevalence of uterine lesions was 45% for treated bitches, 5% for untreated bitches, and 14.9% for the sample population. A highly significant relationship (P<0.01) between MPA treatment and uterine lesions was established. A significant association (P<0.05) between age (>2 years old) and uterine lesions was found, most likely attributable to a significantly higher proportion (P<0.01) of MPA-treated bitches in the older population. There was no significant difference in the effect of MPA on the prevalence of uterine lesions between older and younger bitches. There was no effect of parity on the prevalence of uterine lesions.     

水分与草坪质量关系研究进展

随着水资源短缺问题的日趋严重.在城市绿地上如何经济合理地利用水资源成为研究的一个重点问适题.现今城市草坪面积不断增长,其用水问题也就成为人们关心的问题.水分影响草坪草的生长,水分与草坪质量有着密切的关系.在研究草坪质量与水分关系时,草坪质量的评价是至关重要的.草坪质量是对草坪优劣程度的一种评价,目前草坪质量评价方法众多,但缺少准确、简单、易行的方法.在对水分与草坪质量关系的研究上,目前只有定性的水分对草坪质量的彩响,没有研究水分与草坪质量之间的定量关系.综述了草坪质量评价及其与水分关系的研究进展,目的是提出草坪质量与水分的函数关系,从而根据草坪质量要求来确定最佳的水分投入量.     

A statistical assessment of the biological relationship between simultaneous canine mammary tumours

Simultaneous canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are frequently reported in the literature, but few studies have addressed their biological relationship in detail or performed statistical assessments. In this study, 269 canine mammary gland tumours from 216 dogs were categorized using an extended histopathological classification, where semiquantitative and binomial scales enumerated morphological parameters of the tumours. The classification facilitated a statistical study of the biological relationship between simultaneous within‐dog tumours. Seventy‐seven percent of the dogs had single tumours and 23% had simultaneous tumours. Sixty‐one percent of the neoplasias were benign, with complex adenoma as the most frequent diagnosis and 39% were malignant, with complex carcinoma as the most common malignancy. Simultaneous tumours within dogs more often had equal diagnoses and neoplastic level (benign or malignant) than would be expected by chance alone, as compared with random pairs of single tumours from different dogs. This statistically supported finding indicated the presence of a biological relationship between simultaneous tumours.     

犬精液常见的质量问题

精液品质是衡量公犬繁殖力的一个重要指标.对精液品质进行检查,评定精液各项指标,既是确定新鲜精液进行稀释、保存的依据,还能反应公犬饲养管理水平和生殖器官的机能状态,因此常作为诊断公犬不育或确定种用价值的重要手段.精液品质的常规检查项目主要有:射精量、颜色、气味、精子活力、精子密度等.     

The relationship between tumour size and expression of prognostic markers in benign and malignant canine mammary tumours

Tumour size is considered one of the most important determinants of clinical staging in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess the value of tumour size as an indicator of the differentiation of mammary neoplasias in female dogs. The tumour, nodes metastates (TNM) system, based on primary lesion size, the extent of its dissemination to regional lymph nodes and the presence or absence of distant metastases, was applied to 120 female dogs diagnosed with mammary neoplasias. Paraffin blocks from 38 cases were selected and studied by immunohistochemical staining for prognostic and predictive markers of breast cancer. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was estimated for 110 female dogs. Larger tumours (T3) were mostly malignant and showed lower expression of progesterone receptor and higher expression of cellular proliferation markers. Global survival time was shorter in female dogs with large tumour masses. This study highlights the importance of tumour size as a prognostic indicator of mammary neoplasias in female dogs.     

Early antibody responses of cattle for foot-and-mouth disease quadrivalent double oil emulsion vaccine

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The multiplicity of FMDV serotypes in animals poses a central problem in the policy of vaccination and is of much concern to health authorities. Hence it is the practice of vaccination with polyvalent vaccine for prophylactic measure. In the present report, we analysed the early antibody responses elicited by FMDV quadrivalent (FMDV O, A, C and Asia 1 serotypes) double emulsion (Montanide ISA 206) vaccines in cattle. We observed variations between various viral serotypes in eliciting early antibody response although neutralizing antibody response against all the four serotypes were detected as early as fourth day following vaccination. The duration of immunity also appeared to maintain for long period. The neutralizing antibody titres were maintained well above 2log(10) even after 6 months of vaccination irrespective of serotypes. Thus, allows the possibilities of two vaccinations per year for the maintenance of herd immunity.