棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌12-47发酵条件的优化

本实验采用单因素实验的方法在摇床培养的基础上对影响棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌12-47菌株产生拮抗物质的营养因素进行了考察,其中包括发酵培养基的C源、N源、无机盐等。在此基础上通过正交试验对各因素的浓度和组合进行了优化;通过L16（43）正交实验对培养最佳培养基起始pH值、摇瓶装液量、接种量、发酵时间等条件进行了摸索。最终确定优化后的培养基为：玉米粉3%、大豆蛋白胨5%、Mn2+ 0.1%、K+ 0.05%、起始pH8.0、装液量100mL/250mL三角瓶、接种量8%、发酵时间48h。用优化后的培养基进行发酵,发酵液抑菌活性比优化前提高了269%。     

光合细菌在土壤中存活条件及其对微生物区系影响研究

本文采用正交试验设计研究了光合细菌在土壤中存活条件及施入光合细菌后土壤环境条件对微生物区系的影响。结果表明：在土壤温度为7℃、淹水条件下、未施用有机质条件下,施入光合细菌菌液越多,光合细菌在土壤中存活量越多,短期有增长趋势,土壤水分是影响光合细菌存活的主要因素;土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均随光合细菌施入及土壤处理时间的加长而下降,以处理在第10d细菌、放线菌和真菌数量下降幅度最大,之后趋于稳定,在各处理因素中,土壤温度和光合细菌施入量对土壤中细菌和放线菌影响较大,对真菌影响小。     

基于正交试验法优化红小豆色素提取条件研究

通过单因素试验研究了红小豆色素的提取溶剂、提取溶剂的浓度、pH值、料液比、浸提温度、时间和次数的工艺参数,并通过正交试验对红小豆色素提取条件进行了优化,确定了最佳浸提条件:20%乙醇水溶液,料液比1∶60,中性条件下,75℃恒温水浴浸提100 min。     

超声波提取玫瑰茄浸提液工艺条件的研究

采用超声波技术提取玫瑰茄干花萼浸提液,以浸提液吸光度为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了最佳提取条件为:超声波功率60 W,提取温度70℃,提取时间30 min,料液比1∶30。与传统水溶剂提取相比较,超声波提取玫瑰茄浸提液是一种省时高效的新方法。     

食用玫瑰花蕾浸提液制备工艺研究

以玫瑰花蕾为主要原料,研制一种天然饮料使用、富含色素的浸提液,以提高玫瑰花的开发价值;通过单因素试验及正交试验确定玫瑰色素的最佳浸提工艺,最佳条件为柠檬酸质量分数14%,料液比1∶40 (g∶m L),浸提时间60 min,浸提温度80℃时获得一种深红色的玫瑰花蕾浸提液。     

芦柑皮果胶提取工艺的研究

以烘干芦柑皮的粉末作为原料,采用酸水解乙醇沉淀法提取粗果胶.在参考料液比、pH值、浸提温度、浸提时间4个单因素提取效果的基础上,进行了L9(34)正交试验.优化试验以及方差分析结果表明,芦柑皮果胶提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:10,pH值2.0,浸提温度85℃,浸提时间60min.在上述条件下,制备的果胶样品颜色呈乳...     

枯草芽孢杆菌Bs01发酵条件的优化及对胶孢炭疽菌的抑制

Bs01是前期研究分离的一株对果实胶孢炭疽菌具有较强抑制作用的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株。本研究以其发酵后的发酵液上清对胶孢炭疽菌的离体抑菌活性为评价指标,优化了Bs01发酵培养基的氮源、碳源和无机盐成分及配比,同时采用正交试验优化了发酵时间、起始pH、接种量、装液量及温度等发酵条件,并对比测定了最佳发酵条件获得的发酵液上清对胶孢炭疽菌的抑制效果。结果表明,可获得具最强离体抑菌活性发酵液上清的发酵培养基最优氮源、碳源及无机盐分别为细菌蛋白胨、葡萄糖和NaCl,最佳的发酵培养基配方为:2%葡萄糖、3%细菌蛋白胨和0.5%NaCl。最佳的发酵条件组合是:起始培养基pH为7.0,接种量15%,装液量1/10,32℃、200 r/min振荡培养48 h。采用优化后的最佳发酵培养基及发酵条件组合获得的发酵液上清可显著抑制活体接种的胶孢炭疽菌病斑扩展,降低病情指数,显著优于优化前获得的发酵液上清的抑制效果。     

海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌GM-1培养基及摇瓶发酵条件优化

GM-1菌株为分离自海洋对油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)有强烈抑制作用的解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。以菌体密度和无菌滤液对油菜菌核病菌的抑制作用为检测指标,采用单因素试验筛选GM-1菌株生长及产抗菌物质培养的最佳碳源、氮源和无机盐,通过正交试验设计对该菌株生长和产抗菌物质的发酵培养基配方和摇瓶发酵条件进行优化。研究结果表明,GM-1菌株生长及产抗菌物质最佳培养基配方为:蔗糖10g/L,牛肉膏16g/L,酵母膏3g/L,FeSO40.4g/L。最佳发酵条件为:28℃,pH7.0,200r/min摇床培养60h,种子液浓度108cfu/mL接种量为10%,装液量为70mL/250mL。     

土壤中细菌菌落总数的测定条件优化

菌落计数法是土壤中可培养微生物总数测定的常用方法,但其重复性差。本文研究了试验过程中培养时间、接种方式、样品颗粒大小、玻璃珠数量及培养基种类等因素对菌落计数结果的影响。结果表明:培养时间到第4天后数量逐渐稳定;涂布法接种方式培养得到的菌落总数较高,是混菌法接种的3.11倍;土壤颗粒大小为50目时测定得到的菌落总数最多;用40颗玻璃珠制备土壤浸提液时可培养得到最大菌落总数;采用SOC培养基进行培养获得菌落总数为1.07×10 ⁷ CFU/g,分别是LB培养基、TB培养基和异氧细菌培养基的1.28、2.32、1.63倍。     

沙棘叶总黄酮的浸提研究

优选水浴振荡提取方法。以乙醇为萃取剂,研究了新疆伊犁地区沙棘叶中总黄酮提取的工艺条件。采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定了最佳工艺参数:提取温度为60℃,固液比为1∶20,乙醇体积分数为80%,浸提时间为3h,溶液pH值为10。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio