林木遗传工程及木质素的生物合成调节(英文)

林木遗传工程有利于保存林木遗传资源，改善全球气候，减轻自然林的过度采伐和满足人类日益增长的林木产品需求。控制林木真菌、病毒病、虫害和杂草的遗传工程方法正被广泛地研究和应用。尽管转基因林木的历史不长，种类不多，但它有广泛的应用前景。目前，抗除草剂基因、抗虫基因以及和木材质量相关的基因已被分离并应用于林木遗传工程。植物分子生物学和基因组学中的新技术使得高效林木遗传改良成为可能并将促进这些技术的商业化应用。木质素的应用已有一百年的历史，但木质素生物合成的全过程并不完全清楚。有关松树自然突变体和转基因林木的最新研究结果表明，木质素的生物合成是一个可以调节的过程。这些发现对完善木质素的生物合成途径、加深对木质素前体生物合成途径的理解和通过遗传工程改善木材质量有促进作用。本文综述了林木遗传工程在这些领域中取得的一些进展。     

转基因杨树对美国白蛾幼虫中肠保护酶系统的影响(英文)

以转Bt基因欧洲黑杨(P.nigra L.)和转CpTI基因毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)叶片饲喂4-5龄美国白蛾（Hyphantria cunea Drury）幼虫，对其体内保护酶系统活性进行测定。结果表明，饲喂两种转基因杨树叶片的幼虫中肠保护酶表现出相似的变化规律，SOD、CAT和POD三种酶的活性在饲喂后数小时内逐渐增加，某一时刻达到最高值，此后突然下降。饲喂转Bt基因杨树叶片的幼虫，其中肠SOD、CAT活性峰值出现在饲喂后的24小时，POD活性峰值出现在饲喂后的12小时；饲喂转CpTI基因杨树叶片的幼虫，其中肠三种保护酶活性高峰出现时间均较前者滞后12小时。本文还比较了饲喂两种转基因叶片不同中毒程度的美国白蛾幼虫体内保护酶活性，发现不论饲喂那种转基因叶片，中毒较轻者其体内保护酶活性显著高于中毒较重者，这种差异在饲喂CpTI叶片的处理株表现尤为明显。     

Survival and development of immature Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) feeding on Chaitophorus populeti (Panzer) propagated on transgenic Populus alba × P. glandulosa

Laboratory feeding experiments with the poplar aphid, Chaitophorus populeti (Panzer), feeding on transgenic poplar (P. alba × P. glandulosa) varieties C13-5 and C013-5, were carried out to study the effect of transgenic poplar on the ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). The mortality and development time of the immature stages, the eclosion rate and body mass of H. axyridis were measured. The results indicated that C. populeti feeding on different varieties of transgenic plants had no statistically signific...     

奇妙的转基因食品

由美国培育的西红柿品种“Flavr Savr”是最早投入市场的转基因产品，它是通过转基因技术被延熟的西红柿。     

转基因食品的安全性与发展前景

近几年来,全世界转基因作物种植发展迅速,1999年达到4000万hm^2,仅美国、加拿大、阿根廷3个国家就占其中的99％;此外,中国、埃及、南非、印度和巴西也有一定量的种植。主要品种有：抵抗昆虫的玉米、抵抗杀虫剂的大豆、抵抗病害的棉花、富含胡萝卜素的水稻、耐寒抗旱的小麦、抵抗病毒的瓜类和控制成熟速度及硬度的西红柿等。     

转基因植物与转基因技术的发展与未来

进入21世纪转基因技术及其发展状况备受世人的瞩目，本文就转基因植物的产生，转基因植物的推广应用现状，世界各国对转基因研究的态度以及转基因技术的发展与未来作了较为全面的介绍与论述。     

梨S_(12)-RNase基因启动子植物表达载体的构建及转基因研究

为了检测S12-RNase启动子的表达特性,以pBI101.2为基础,构建了砂梨S12-RNase基因启动子5’端系列缺失植物表达载体PS12-(0～5)-GUS-pBll01.2,并通过农杆菌介导的Floral Dip法转化哥伦比亚野生型拟南芥。卡那霉素和PCR鉴定表明:GUS基因已整合到转基因植株的基因组中,为下一步进行启动子功能的鉴定奠定了基础。     

Comparative performance of the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on various host plants

The effect of various host plants; chickpea (varieties Arman, Hashem, Azad and Binivich), bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), common bean (Khomein), white kidney bean (Dehghan), red kidney bean (Goli), cowpea (variety Mashhad) and tomato (variety Meshkin) on the life table parameters of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were evaluated under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5 % RH and a 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod). Records for larval period, pupal period, and development time of H. armigera were longest on tomato (24.9, 15.1, and 45.4 days, respectively) and shortest on chickpea Arman (17.5, 9.1, and 31.7 days, respectively). Among various host plants fecundity (total number of eggs laid per female) was highest (2,665 eggs) on chickpea Arman and the lowest (700 eggs) on tomato. The net reproductive rate (R ₀) was significantly affected by various host plants being highest on chickpea Arman (1,422) and lowest on tomato (111.3 females/female/generation). The highest and lowest intrinsic rates of natural increase (r _m) were observed on chickpea Arman (0.244 day^?1) and tomato (0.123 day^?1) varieties, respectively. Cluster analysis of the life table parameters of H. armigera on various host plants indicated that tomato, in comparison to other plants was an unsuitable host to H. armigera.     

刊中报

我国耕地7年少了近670万公顷；转基因食品比一般食品安全；最好的运动是步行；地气与灾害；动物的眼睛；我国主要山脉名称的由来……     

Research on Breeding Traits of Turf Bamboo by ~(137)Cs γ-radiation

For the purpose of breeding new and fine varieties of turf bamboo, 5 turf bamboo species (Sasa pygmaea, Indocalamus decorus, I. latifolius, Shibataea chinensis, and S. fortune) were radiated through 137Cs γ-ray in tissue cultures at different radiation dose. It was shown that: 1) Four species of turf bamboo were sensitive to radiation, low dose radiation had no effect on bud germination, high dose radiation delayed bud germination; 2) Radiation at 5 and 10 Gy had not impact on shoot emergence, but radiation at 20 Gy made only S. pygmaea shoot emergence; 3) Radiation lethal dose of S. pygmaea in tissue culture ranged from 20 to 30 Gy, but less than 20 Gy for S. fortunei. The radiation lethal dose of bamboo rhizome of I. latifolius was 10 to 20 Gy, and over 20 Gy for I. decorus, I. latifolius and S. chinensis; 4) Golden yellow strips occurred in S. chinensis leave after radiation at 5 and 10 Gy. Therefore, it's possible to breed new fine ornamental bamboo varieties by radiation.     

Effect of shading by baobab (Adansonia digitata) and néré (Parkia biglobosa) on yields of millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) in parkland systems in Burkina Faso, West Africa

An experiment was conducted in Nobéré, Burkina Faso to assess the effect of shade of two indigenous fruit trees, Adansonia digitata (Baobab) and Parkia biglobosa (Néré), on a shade-tolerant crop called taro (Colocasia esculenta) in comparison with millet (Pennisetum glaucum) a shade-intolerant crop. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and performance of crops under trees and in the open field were assessed during three cropping seasons. Millet performed better under baobab (806.1?±?121.48?kg?ha^?1) compared to the control plot (595.8?±?83.43?kg?ha^?1) and néré (320.2?±?59.91?kg?ha^?1). In contrast, the yield of taro was higher under néré (4124.0?±?469.05?kg?ha^?1) compared to the control plot (2336.9?±?617.04?kg?ha^?1) and baobab (2738.3?±?595.61?kg?ha^?1). There was a strong relationship between the amount of PAR intercepted by trees and crop yields under trees. As PAR decreased the yield of millet decreased whereas the yield of taro increased. Hence, it was concluded that parkland productivity could be enhanced by cropping taro under néré where light reduction was 83, 56 and 18% in zones A, B and C, respectively. An efficient association of baobab with crops could be the production of taro in zone A and millet in zones B and C where PAR reduction was 62, 38 and 15%, respectively.     

转基因林木生态安全性评价研究现状

近年来林木基因工程育种技术日益成熟,而转基因林木生态安全性评价相对滞后,其中转基因林木基因漂移研究尚处于空白。花粉传播是转基因植物外源基因发生转移的主要途径。文章对转基因植物基因漂移、林木开花散粉规律的研究现状进行综述,讨论了目前转基因植物基因漂移研究中存在的问题和发展前景,以期为转基因林木生态安全性评价研究提供依据。     

Effect of ACQ-D Treatment on the Surface Free Energy of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)

In this study, the contact angles of three different reference liquids (including distilled water, diiodomethane, and formamide) and PF resin on the surfaces of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) samples untreated or treated with different con- centrations of ACQ-D (ammoniacal copper quat Type D) solutions were measured. Then, the surface free energy was calculated by two approaches: acid-base approach and geometric mean approach. ACQ-D treatment caused higher contact angles and lower surface free energies at a retention level corresponding to the commodity treated wood products. When wood was treated with much higher concentrations of ACQ-D, the total surface free energy of wood would be higher than the untreated control. Acid-base/polar compo- nents related with the hydrogen bonding state in wood were considered to be responsible for the observed changes according to the applied approaches. The hydrophobic properties and also higher contact angles of PF resin drop on wood surfaces after ACQ-D treatment at a reasonable retention level confirms the changes on surface free energy.     

转基因林木研究进展

着重论述了林木抗虫,抗菌,抗除草剂,生殖发育调控,抗逆境,材性改良等转基因林木的研究进展,简述了转基因林木的应用现状,提出了林木基因工程现存的问题,并对该领域进行了展望。     

FAO专家认为：推广树木转基因无甚经济意义

俄罗斯《林业报》2005年7月26日报道：根据联合国粮农组织资料，世界上有35个国家的林业正在进行转基因树木试验，但迄今没有可信信息足以证明树木转基因技术不携带任何风险。     

植物转基因技术及其在林木遗传改良中的应用

转基因技术不断进步为基因的功能解析和生物的定向改良提供了最为有效的途径。林木基因工程育种也随着转基因技术的成熟而步入快速发展时期,但目前国内对林木基因工程育种中处于关键地位的转基因技术进行系统论述的还比较少。文中从原理、过程和优缺点等几个方面系统介绍了几种应用于植物基因工程的转基因技术,评述了转基因技术在林木中的应用现状,并对其在林木遗传改良中的应用前景进行展望,以期为后续的林木基因工程研究及应用提供参考。     

瞬间(散文)

当几片白云悠然从空中飘过,就像流星在时间的隧道里投下的光影,时间如白驹过隙般从身旁飞驰而过,我们连叹息一声都来不及。然而,不同的人,对于时间又有着不同的感受。盈盈一水间,脉脉不得语。时间对于他们来说,总是那样漫长却又如此无奈。一年一度的相逢便成了他